Ngokunyuka okuqhubekayo kwamaqondo obushushu, imililo yehlathi ehlotyeni iya isiba namandla nto leyo ebangela ukuba amahlathi abenobunzima obukhulu bokuhlaziya. Izityalo azinangxaki yokuntshula kuphela, kodwa ingxaki ikwaxhalabisa kakhulu izilwanyana ezihlala apho, ngokophononongo olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi i-PLOS ONE. Ukuqonda ngcono le ngxaki, kubalulekile ukwazi Yintoni umlilo wehlathi? kwaye zithini iziphumo zayo.
Impembelelo yomntu kokusingqongileyo injalo Ukugawula imithi kunokuguqula indawo yokuhlala, ngaloo ndlela ithintela ukuba ingachacha ngokwemvelo emva kwentlekele. Esi senzo sinokunxulumana ne ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, isihloko esikwafuna ingqalelo. Ngale ndlela, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ukubuyisela inkqubo yendalo emva komlilo, ebonisa ubudlelwane bayo kunye ukuziqhelanisa nezilwanyana ezanyisayo neentaka.
Ababhali bolu phando, kubandakanywa nabaphandi uRoger Puig-Gironès, ilungu leqela le-Animal Biology kwiYunivesithi yaseGirona (UdG), kunye nePere Pons, kwiZiko leTekhnoloji yeHlathi yaseCatalonia-Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CTFC-CREAF), chaza ukuba Utshintsho lwemozulu lubangela iingxaki ezinkulu emahlathini emva komlilo. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iinzuzo zesiganeko semozulu njengenkanyamba kwi-dynamics ye-ikhosistim.
Imililo idla ngokuba ziziganeko zendalo ezikwaziyo ukuvuselela amahlathi. Enyanisweni, kukho ezinye izityalo ezinokuntshula kuphela emva kokuba ziphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu, njengeeProteas ezihlala eAfrika, umzekelo. Nangona kunjalo, Xa le nto isenzeka kwingingqi apho amaqondo obushushu enyuka kuphela, esenza umhlaba ubharhe ngakumbi, ihlathi alinakuphinda livele ngokulula njengangaphambili, nangaphantsi ukuba abantu bayayinqanda ngokugawula imithi ukutyala i-monocultures okanye ukwakha. Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kwe ukulondolozwa kwehlathi ekulweni nokutshintsha kwemozulu, inkalo ekufuneka inxulunyaniswe nayo ukhuseleko lwendalo esengozini.
Ukufikelela kwesi sigqibo, Abaphandi baqhube uhlalutyo lweesampulu zeentaka kunye nezityalo ezingaphezu kwe-3000 ezivela kwiindawo ezingama-70 ezitshileyo eCatalonia. ukufumanisa ukuba ukwanda kobugwala kube nefuthe kangakanani ekukhuleni kwehlathi emva komlilo. Ngaloo ndlela, baye bakwazi ukufumanisa ukuba oku kunyuka kuchaphazela kakubi ukubuyiswa kwezityalo kunye neentaka. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba indlela ebanzi kuphononongo lwe ukuvuselelwa kwemixokomelwano yendalo kunye nokunxibelelana kwabo.
Ingxaki ye ihlathi liyatsha Intsonkothile, kwaye izisombululo mazikhomba kumacala ahlukeneyo. Ukujongana nalo mba, kubalulekile ukuqonda izizathu kunye neziphumo zemililo kunye nendlela eyichaphazela ngayo inkqubo yendalo.
Imililo kunye nefuthe layo kwi-ikhosistim
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kweentlanzi nemililo kunokubonakala kulinganiselwe ekuqaleni, kodwa kuneempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo kunye nempilo yonke ye-ecosystem. Umzekelo, Imililo inokuyonakalisa imithombo yamanzi, ukuguqula iindawo ezihlala emanzini nokwenzakalisa iintlobo ezixhomekeke kuzo. Kwimeko ethile ye-ecosystem yeMeditera, imililo yamahlathi iqhubela phambili nzima ukufunyanwa kwezityalo nezilwanyana zasekhaya kwaye iqaqambise imfuneko yokuqonda ukuhlelwa kwemozulu kunye nesiphumo sayo kwezi ziganeko.
Ukuhlaziywa kwehlathi emva komlilo kubandakanya uchungechunge lweenkqubo zezinto eziphilayo eziyimfuneko ekubuyiseleni ibhalansi ye-ecosystem. Olu hlaziyo lunokuba lwendalo okanye luncediswe., kuxhomekeke kubunzima bomlilo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo emva komlilo.
Ukuvuselelwa kwendalo kwamahlathi
Uhlaziyo lwendalo yinkqubo athi amahlathi aphinde azihlaziye emva komlilo. Le nkqubo ayibandakanyi kuphela ukuvela kwakhona kweentlobo zezityalo, kodwa kunye nokusekwa kwakhona kobudlelwane be-ikholoji phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Izinto ezikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwendalo ziquka:
- Ubukho be imbewu yebhanki emhlabeni onokuntshula emva komlilo.
- Ukukwazi kwezinye iintlobo ukuba ukuhluma kwakhona emva kokutshiswa.
- Iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezithandekayo, ezifana nokufuma okwaneleyo kunye namaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo.
Kwiintlobo ezithile, njenge-conifers, ezinye iicones ziyaqhekeka emva kokufumana ubushushu, zisasaza imbewu yazo kwinkqubo. Le nto ibonwa kwiintlobo ezifana ne-Aleppo pine kunye ne-Scots pine, eziqhelekileyo kwi-ecosystem ye-Mediterranean. Inika umdla indlela olu nxibelelwano luyibethelela ngayo imfuneko yokufunda Izilwanyana zaseAmazon kunye nokuchasa kwayo utshintsho lwemo engqongileyo.
Ukuncedisa ukuvuselelwa
Ukuvuselelwa okuncediswayo kubandakanya ungenelelo lomntu ukuququzelela ukubuyiswa kwezinto eziphilayo emva komlilo. Oku kunokubandakanya:
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye neentlobo zendalo, ezixhathisa ngakumbi kwiimeko zemozulu zexesha elizayo. Oku kwenziwa ngokukhetha iintlobo ezikwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa nemozulu eyomileyo neshushu.
- Ukupheliswa kweentlobo zezityalo ezihlaselayo ezinokukhuphisana neentlobo zendalo (umzekelo, i-eucalyptus, edla ngokutyalwa kwiindawo ezitshisiweyo kodwa inokuphazamisa inkqubo yendalo).
- Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokulawula umhlaba ukuze kuphuculwe ukuchuma nokugcina ukufuma, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekubuyiseni izityalo zomthonyama. Oku kuhambelana ngqo nengxaki ye.
Ii-ikhosistim zisengozini
Ngokutshintsha kwemozulu njengemvelaphi, iindawo ezininzi zamahlathi zisengozini. Ukwanda kokuphindaphindeka kunye nobunzulu bemililo yamahlathi kunokuphazamisa kakhulu amandla okuhlaziya ezi nkqubo zendalo. Ngenxa yoko, izinto eziphilayo ezazifudula zikhula zisenokuba sesichengeni okanye ziphele kweminye imimandla. Ngokomzekelo, i-Monterey pine kunye nothuthu lwentaba, ezizintlobo eziphambili kwimimandla ethile, zijongene nekamva elingaqinisekanga ngenxa yotshintsho lwendawo yokuhlala ebangelwa yimililo eqhubekayo, okwenza ulondolozo lwendalo ephilayo luyimfuneko.
Ukongezelela, ukutshiswa kwamahlathi kuye kwabhalwa ukuba kuchaphazela umoya kunye nomgangatho wamanzi. Umsi kunye nothuthu olukhutshwa ngexesha lomlilo lungonakalisa iindawo zamanzi ezikufutshane, zichaphazela ubomi basemanzini. Amacandelo emoyeni anokuba nemiphumo yempilo kubantu abahlala kwiindawo ezikufutshane kwaye asikhumbuze ngokubaluleka ucwangciso lwentlekele yendalo.
Ukubaluleka kocwangciso nolawulo lwamahlathi
Ukucwangciswa okufanelekileyo kwamahlathi kunye nolawulo luyimfuneko ukuze kuncitshiswe iziphumo zokutsha kwehlathi. Oku kuquka:
- Uphuhliso lwe umlilo kunye nolawulo lwezityalo ukunciphisa izinto ezinokutsha kwindawo.
- Ukuphunyezwa kwe iinkqubo zemfundo nokwazisa ukuze uluntu lulandele iindlela ezikhuselekileyo nezizinzileyo ukuze kuthintelwe imililo, eyimfuneko ekulungiseni .
- La utyalo-mali kubuchwephesha bokuhlola ukubona imililo kumanqanaba okuqala.
- Ukomelezwa kwe imigaqo-nkqubo yokubuyisela kunye nokubuyisela emva kwemililo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanyathelo athathiweyo ayasebenza kwaye ayayihlonipha i-biodiversity yendawo.
Izigqibo zezopolitiko zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo lomlilo, ingakumbi ngokunxulumene nomthetho olawula ukulawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nolondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Uluntu lwasekuhlaleni Mababe yinxalenye esebenzayo kule nkqubo, baqinisekise ukuba iimfuno nezithethe zabo ziyaqwalaselwa kucwangciso nasekuphunyezweni.
