Kwiiveki zakutshanje, uphononongo lwe Amatye akhoyo kuMars aphinde atsala umdla ukusuka kwihlabathi lezenzululwazi kunye nabathandi bokuhlola indawo. Ngombulelo kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yezithuthi zerobhothi zeNASA, ngakumbi i-Perseverance rover, imibuzo emitsha iyaphakanyiswa malunga nokubunjwa, ukubunjwa, kunye nemvelaphi yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamatye kwiplanethi ebomvu. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo, kude nokunika iimpendulo ezicacileyo, zivula ucango kwiithiyori ezintsha malunga neenkqubo zejoloji kunye nembali kaMartian.
Umsebenzi wokuZingisa, osebenza kumhlaba weMartian ukusukela ngo-2021, unenjongo yawo ephambili. phanda ixesha elidlulileyo leMars ngohlalutyo lwamatye kunye nemihlaba yayoIziphumo ezifunyenweyo zibonisa ukuba, ngaphandle kweminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathandathu yophando kwiplanethi, uphononongo olunzulu lwamatye luhlala lubalulekile ekucaciseni ubukho bamanzi kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kobomi kumaxesha amandulo.
Ukufunyanwa kolwakhiwo olulodwa lwamatye e-Jezero Crater
Olunye lwezona zinto zithe zafunyaniswa zamva nje nezimangalisayo ibe kukufunyanwa kwe Ukwakheka kwamatye kunye namawakawaka ezingqukuva ezincanyathiselwe kumphezulu wawo, ekwithambeka leNduli yeWitch Hazel, ngaphakathi kweJezero crater. Ithiywe njenge Paul's Bay liqela iPerseverance rover, eli litye Ibalasele ngobume bayo obugcwele iibhola ezincinci ezimalunga neemilimitha ezimbalwa, ezinye zazo zimbhoxo okanye zide zaqhekeka, yaye zinemingxuma emincinane.
Le mbonakalo ingaqhelekanga yothusa izazinzulu zobuthunywa, njengoko kungekho kwakheka okufanayo eMhlabeni okanye kuphononongo lwangaphambili lweMartian. Ngokutsho kweengcali zeNASA, iSt. Pauls Bay ingaba yi ilitye elidadayo, igama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza amatye ahanjiswe ukusuka kwindawo yawo. Olu phawu lwenza nzima uhlalutyo lwemeko yejoloji, njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuba zisuka kwindawo eyahluke kakhulu kunendawo ezikuyo ngoku.
Ulwakhiwo kunye neethiyori malunga nemvelaphi yazo: amanzi, iintaba-mlilo kunye neemeteorites
Iqela lophando liyaqwalasela Iimeko ezahlukeneyo malunga nendlela ezi zigaba zenziwa ngayoEnye yezona ngcamango zixhaphakileyo zibonisa ukuba zinokuba njalo concretions minerali, umphumo wamanzi aphantsi komhlaba angena kwizinto ezivuzayo, ukukhuthaza ukuqokelelwa kwendawo yamaminerali. Le nto yaqala ukuchongwa yi-Opportunity rover kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo kunye ne-"Martian blueberries" eyaziwayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iinkqubo azithintelwanga: ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwelava emva kogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo lunokuvelisa ezi fomu, okanye Ukujiya kwelitye elingumphunga emva kwempembelelo yemeteoriteInkqubo nganye ibandakanya iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo kwaye ibonelela ngeembono kwimbali yendaleko yeMars.
Umahluko phakathi kwelitye laseSt. Ulwakhiwo luhambe lusuka kwezinye iileya eziphezulu zejoloji, ezifana neebhanti ezimnyama zeWitch Hazel HillUhlalutyo lwezi zixhobo, kuphela umbulelo onokwenzeka kwitekhnoloji yePerseverance, inokutyhila iziqephu zentshukumo yentaba-mlilo okanye ukuhamba kwamanzi kwixesha elidlulileyo leplanethi.
Ahlalutywa njani la matye aseMartian
Ukuhlalutya ezi zixhobo, iirovers zeMartian zixhotyiswe izixhobo ezichanekileyo. Ukunyamezela kusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne Isixhobo se-Rock Abrasion, ekwazi ukucoca kunye nokugrumba kwi-rock surface, evumela ukuhlolwa kweeleyile zangaphakathi ezingaphantsi kokutshatyalaliswa kokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle. Emva kwe-abrasion, amagumbi afana ne I-Mastcam-Z kunye ne-WATSON sensor fumana imifanekiso enesisombululo esiphezulu, kunye ne I-SuperCam ikhupha i-laser pulses ukuhlalutya ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ukusuka ekukhanyeni okubonakalisiweyo.
Umzekelo wamva nje wale nkqubo yimeko yelitye Kenmore, into yokufunda yi-rover ngoJuni 2025. Ngethuba lokugaya, ilitye libonisa ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, ukungcangcazela kunye nokuqhekeka ngaphezu kokulindelekileyo. Uhlalutyo luveze ubukho be iiminerali zodongwe, zizityebi kwintsimbi kunye ne-magnesium, kunye neemolekyuli zamanzi ezidibaniswe kwisakhiwo sayo, zinika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga neenkqubo ze-hydration kwixesha elidlulileyo leMartian.
Ezi ndlela zicwangcisiweyo zivumela idatha ukuba iqokelelwe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamatye kulo lonke i-Jezero Crater, ukwandisa ulwazi malunga ne iyantlukwano yokwakheka komhlaba kaMars kunye nokuvela kwayo kwizigidi zeminyaka.
Ukuchongwa kwamatye athile anjalo kunye nobuchule obusetyenzisiweyo ukuwafunda hlaziya ukubaluleka kwemishini yerobhothi kwiPlanethi eBomvu. Into nganye efunyenweyo ibonelela ngemikhondo ephucula ukuqonda kwethu imijikelo yokwakheka komhlaba neyemozulu, kunye nokubanakho kwayo ukuxhasa ubomi ngaxa lithile kwimbali yayo.
Ngaphaya koko, ezi nkqubela phambili zenza kube lula ukulungiselela ubufundisi bexesha elizayo, zombini ukuqokelela iisampulu zohlalutyo eMhlabeni kunye nophononongo olunokwenzeka lomntu. Ulwazi oluqokelelweyo malunga nokuziphatha kunye nokubunjwa kwamatye aseMartian kuya kuba ngundoqo ekuphuhliseni iteknoloji ekhuselekileyo kunye neyobuchule kunye nezicwangciso zezigaba ezilandelayo zokuhlola iplanethi.
Ngohlalutyo olutsha ngalunye olwenziwa zii-rovers, I-Mars ityhila ngakumbi kancinci kwiimfihlo ezifihliweyo phantsi komphezulu wayo owomileyoIindlela ezisandul’ ukufunyanwa, ezinjengeSt.
