Ngalo naliphi na ixesha, amafu, ukusuka kwimiqhaphu eethe-ethe ukuya kwizinto ezinkulu, agubungela i-70% yomphezulu woMhlaba. Noko ke, ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba, ngesithuba somzuzu omnye, onke amafu ebenokunyamalala? Oosomajukujuku abakhwele kwiSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe ngokungathandabuzekiyo baya kubhideka ngolu phuhliso lungalindelekanga. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umntu ohamba kumhlaba oyintlango, engayiqondi intlekele ezayo, ebengayi kulibala intshabalalo ezayo esisijikelezi-langa.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela Bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba amafu ebengekho.
Bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba amafu ebengekho?
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, uphawu oluxhalabileyo luya kubonakala: amanqanaba okufuma. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi kubantu abahlala ngaselunxwemeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubushushu belanga bubangela ukuba amanzi abe ngumphunga, ingakumbi kulwandlekazi, uze lo mphunga wamanzi ujike ube ngamafu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amafu akaqukwanga kumjikelo wamanzi oMhlaba, amanzi avaleleke kwiatmosfera, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanzi avalelwe. iziphumo zokufuma kufutshane ne-100%. Abo bakhwela inqwelomoya banokudibana nesiphithiphithi esongeziweyo xa kuthelekiswa nesiqhelo.
Ukungabikho kwamafu okubonisa ukukhanya kwelanga ukubuyela esibhakabhakeni, ilanga liyaqinisa ifuthe lalo lokufudumala eMhlabeni, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwenziweni komthamo omkhulu womoya oshushu onyukayo, ongalinganiyo kwindalo.
Amava okubhabha axhalabisayo akumele kube yeyona nto siyixhalabeleyo, njengoko ukungabikho kwemvula, kuquka imvula, ikhephu, kwanenkungu ekhanyayo, kubangela ingozi enkulu. Oku kungabikho kuthetha ukuba imithombo yethu yamanzi ebalulekileyo, efana amachibi, imilambo, imilambo, imithombo nemithombo yolwandle ayisayi kuzaliswa. Ngenxa yoko, xa ikhephu elisuka kubusika obudlulileyo linyibilika, amanzi akhoyo aya kuphelelwa. Iwotshi iyama kwaye ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ehlabathi kuhlala kwinqanaba langoku, onke amachibi kunye nemilambo yamanzi aya kuphelelwa ngokupheleleyo malunga neminyaka engama-23.
Qinisekisa amanzi okusela
Ukuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamanzi oluthembekileyo, uluntu kuya kufuneka lusebenzise ubuchule babo. Okwangoku, umndilili waseMelika usebenzisa phakathi kwama-300 kunye nama-380 eelitha zamanzi ngosuku. Nangona kunjalo, ukunciphisa nje iishawa ezide kunye nokuhlamba iimpahla akuyi kwanela ukusindisa uluntu. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kuluntu nasekhaya kubonisa kuphela i-21% yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwihlabathi jikelele. Awona matyala aphambili kwimfuno ephezulu yamanzi zizityalo ze-thermoelectric kunye nokunkcenkceshela kwezolimo.
Azisebenzisi kuphela izixa ezikhulu zamanzi, kodwa izityalo zenyukliya zibeka umngcipheko omkhulu ngakumbi ukuba iinkqubo zazo zokupholisa amanzi ziyasilela. Intlekele yenyukliya yaseFukushima ngo-2011 isebenza njengomzekelo oyolisayo wento enokwenzeka xa amandla ezi mpompo zokupholisa enqunyulwa. Ukongezelela, ngaphandle kwemvula eyaneleyo, iifama ziya kufuna amanzi angakumbi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimbalela egqugqisayo nokutshatyalaliswa kwezityalo nezilwanyana zasendle. Kwiminyaka ethile, Umhlaba owomileyo unokubangela izaqhwithi ezinkulu zothuli ezikhumbuza ngeDust Bowl eyayidume kakubi ngeminyaka yee-1930s. Kwangaxeshanye, ukungabikho kwamafu kuya kwenza imozulu yoMhlaba ibe sisidubedube.
Ixesha elichanekileyo lezi ziganeko alinakumiselwa ngaphandle kwemodeli yemozulu ebizayo, kodwa ingcali yamafu uChris Fairall inika izibalo ezikhawulezayo. Ngokungabikho kwamafu, iqondo lobushushu eliqhelekileyo libuya kunyuka ukuya kutsho kuma-22 ngokukaCelsius. Oku kunyuka kukhwankqisayo kwamaqondo obushushu akuyi kutshabalalisa nje kuphela iindawo ezihlala izityalo nezilwanyana ezininzi, kutshaye abo basinde kwimbalela, kodwa kwakhona bekuya kubangela ukuba ummandla ojikeleze umhlaba unyibilike uze ukhukulise izixeko ezigudle unxweme.
Kukho ithuba lokuba Uphakathi kwama-40% abantu kwihlabathi lonke abanyanzelwa ukuba bafudukele ngaphakathi elizweni, kwaye indawo yakho yokuhlala entsha inokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ibe yintlango engapheliyo njengoko amanzi anetyuwa engena emanzini aphantsi komhlaba.
Iingenelo zokungabi namafu
Nangona ekuqaleni kusenokubonakala kuxhalabisa, ihlabathi elingenamafu libonelela ngeengenelo ezithile. Ukungabikho kwamafu bekuya kuthetha ukupheliswa kwezitshingitshane ezitshabalalisayo kunye nezaqhwithi, kunye nokupheliswa kokulibaziseka kweenqwelo-moya okubangelwa zizaqhwithi nokuvalwa kwesibhakabhaka esicacileyo sokujonga iinkwenkwezi. Njengoko unikezelo lwethu lwamanzi luqhubeka nokuhla, kuya kufuneka ukuba kwenziwe izigqibo ezinzima. Noko ke, abantu banobuchule obumangalisayo. Banamandla okwenza iindlela zokukhupha ityuwa kumanzi olwandle okanye ukubamba umphunga wamanzi asemoyeni.
Kuyimfuneko ukuba siphumeze la manyathelo ngokukhawuleza, ekubeni inyaniso kukuba amafu sele echitha. Amanqanaba okurekhoda e-CO2 kunye nokufudumala kweelwandle zethu kunye ne-atmosphere kunegalelo elithe ngqo ekwehleni kwamafu.. Kufuneka sithembele kulo naluphi na ucweyo lwesilivere oluseleyo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kwaye sizame ukunqanda ukuvela kwekamva elimfiliba ngokwenene.
Iintlobo zamafu ezikhoyo
Ezi zezinye zeentlobo zamafu ezikhoyo ngoku kunye nomsebenzi wazo:
- ISekisi (Cirrus): La mafu afumaneka kwindawo ephakamileyo, ngokubanzi ngaphezu kwe-6,000 yeemitha. Zibhityile, zimhlophe, kwaye zinentsinga okanye inkangeleko. Ubukhulu becala zenziwe ngeekristale zomkhenkce. Amafu e-Cirrus abonisa imozulu entle, nangona ubukho babo bunokukhokelela kwinguqu yemozulu, njengokufika komphambili ofudumeleyo.
- Amafu eCumulus (Cumulus): Zingamafu aphuhliswe ngokuthe nkqo, anesiseko esisicaba kunye necontour echaziweyo, ngokungathi ziibhola zomqhaphu ezidadayo esibhakabhakeni. Zenza kwiindawo ezisezantsi, ngokubanzi ngaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-2,000. Amafu eCumulus ahlala ebonisa imozulu entle, kodwa ukuba ayaqhubeka nokukhula kwindawo ephezulu, anokuba ngamafu e-cumulonimbus kwaye abangele izaqhwithi.
- I-Stratus (Stratus): La mafu aphantsi, ngokubanzi angaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-2,000, kwaye agqume isibhakabhaka njengomaleko ofanayo nongwevu. I-Strata inokubangela ukuthontsiza okanye inkungu ethe gqolo kwaye ibonisa imozulu ezinzileyo kodwa enamafu.
- I-Nimbostratus (Nimbostratus): Zingamafu angqingqwa, amnyama agqume imimandla emikhulu yesibhakabhaka. Ngokuqhelekileyo zidibene nemvula eqhubekayo kwaye zinokuhlala iiyure eziliqela. I-Nimbostratus inoxanduva lwemvula ephakathi ukuya enzima kunye nekhephu.
- IAltocumulus (Altocumulus): La mafu afumaneka kwindawo ephakathi, phakathi kwe-2,000 kunye ne-6,000 yeemitha. Zibukeka njengamabala amhlophe okanye angwevu kwaye zinokubonisa ukungazinzi emoyeni. Amafu e-Altocumulus anokwandulela izaqhwithi ukuba zibonwa kusasa.
- IAltostratus (Altostratus): Zingwevu okanye amafu aluhlaza agqume isibhakabhaka ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo kumphakamo ophakathi. La mafu adla ngokuba phambi kweendawo ezifudumeleyo kwaye anokuvelisa imvula ekhanyayo.
- I-Cumulonimbus (Cumulonimbus): Zingamafu ophuhliso olukhulu oluthe nkqo ezinokusuka ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu. Zinesiseko esimnyama kunye nengqungquthela enokufikelela kwi-tropopause (malunga ne-10,000 ukuya kwi-12,000 yeemitha). Amafu eCumulonimbus anoxanduva lokuduma kwezulu, imvula enkulu, isichotho, kunye neenkanyamba.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba amafu ayengekho.