El kutshintsha kwe mozulu Yinto yendalo esingqongileyo echaphazela zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, nangona kunjalo, Abantwana lelona qela labemi basemngciphekweni. Ezi mpembelelo zibaluleke kakhulu kwimimandla apho iimeko zentlalo noqoqosho ziyingozi kakhulu. I bantwana akayi kuhlupheka kuphela kwimiphumo ethe ngqo yokutshintsha kwemozulu, njenge amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, amaza obushushu, imbalela e izikhukula, kodwa iyakuchatshazelwa zizinto ezifana namanzi kunye nomgangatho womoya, ochaphazela impilo kunye nophuhliso lwabo.
Ingxelo evela UNICEF Ibonisa ukuba ngo-2030, ukuncipha kwemveliso yezolimo phakathi 10% kunye 25%, eya kubangela phantse I-95,000 eyongezelelweyo yokusweleka kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ngenxa yokungondleki. Olu qikelelo olothusayo lubonisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokujongana nengxaki yokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokwembono ebeka phambili impilo yabantwana kunye nesondlo esifanelekileyo. Ukuqonda ngcono esi sihloko, unokujonga imingeni ezayo esiza kujongana nayo iminyaka ezayo.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba kwinqanaba langoku lokusebenzisa, siya kufuna iiplanethi eziyi-1.6 ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zethu. Le modeli yokusetyenziswa ngokungazinzanga ayihambelani namandla oMhlaba. Ngokukhula kwabemi, uxinzelelo kwimithombo yendalo luya kwanda, lungachaphazeli iAfrika kuphela kodwa zonke iikona zehlabathi. Oku kwanda koxinzelelo kwimithombo kunokuvelisa iimeko ezigqithisileyo, njengoko kubonwa kwi Imbalela eKenya kunye nefuthe kwimpilo yabantwana kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, okwenza kubonakale ingxaki yezempilo ebantwaneni ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ngokutsho kukaMaite Pacheco, umlawuli we IKomiti ye-UNICEF yaseSpain yoKwazisa kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yoBuntwana, ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunokucima iinzuzo ezenziwa kubomi babantwana kwihlabathi liphela, kuchaphazela nabantwana España. Ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indlela utshintsho lwemozulu oluyichaphazela ngayo impilo kunye nentlalontle yabantwana abancinci, ngakumbi malunga umahluko phakathi kokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi, kunye nobudlelwane kunye nokukhula kobuthathaka.
Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba kwi 2050, ubushushu obuqhelekileyo eSpeyin bunokwenyuka ukuya kuthi ga I-5 isidanga esiphakathi. Oku kunyuka okumangalisayo kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ze-neurological iintsana ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nokwanda kokulaliswa esibhedlele ngenxa yezizathu zesisu kwi abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-14 ubudala. Ukungabikho kwengqalelo kule miba kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kwempembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwimpilo yabantwana kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kwintlekele enkulu, efana nale bajongene nayo. izixeko ezichatshazelwa kukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ukongeza kwiingxaki zempilo ezithe ngqo, utshintsho lwemozulu lunegalelo ukwanda kwe-allergies kunye nezifo zokuphefumula, iziphumo eziye zenziwa mandundu lungcoliso lwedolophu. Oku kubeka iinkqubo zokhathalelo lwempilo phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulayo, olunokukhokelela ekuweni kweenkonzo zonyango. Enyanisweni, uxinzelelo olubangelwa yile meko lunokuchaphazela impilo-ntle yeemvakalelo yabantwana, kwaye impilo yengqondo yabantwana abancinci isongelwa ngolu tshintsho. Ngaloo ndlela, impilo yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo nayo iyachaphazeleka, nto leyo echaphazela abantwana babo kwaye yenza mandundu Ubunzima bendalo esingqongileyo kwimekobume yentsapho.
Iingxelo ze UNICEF kunye neminye imibutho ibonisa ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu luchaphazela ngokungafaniyo abantwana kwiimeko ubuhlwempu obugqithisileyo, abona bangabona banoxanduva kwingxaki yemozulu kodwa abona bachaphazeleka kakhulu. Kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, abantwana abaphantse babe zizigidi ezingama-850 (i.e. I-1 ye-3 nganye) bahlala kwiindawo ezisengozini kwiimpembelelo zemozulu ezininzi, ezibeka ikamva labo emngciphekweni. Abantwana abajongene nale mingeni ngabona baya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu ukufuduswa ngenkani ngenxa yeemeko ezigqithisileyo, ezibonisa a ingxaki yezibonelelo kubonakala ngakumbi.
La Amagqabantshintshi ngokuBanzi No. 26 del IKomiti yamaLungelo oMntwana Ingxelo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, ekhutshwe ngo-Agasti 28, igxininisa ukuba abantwana banelungelo lendawo ecocekileyo nenempilo kwaye iphakamisa amanyathelo angxamisekileyo ukukhusela abona bantu basengozini. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwimeko apho utshintsho lwemozulu lunokonakalisa iziseko zezempilo zoluntu, olukwanxulumene nokhuseleko lokutya kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, njengoko kukhankanyiwe Somaliya.
Iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu ziquka ifuthe elibi kwimpilo yabantwana, ukwanda kobuthathaka kwizifo ezifana ikholera, malariya y shock. Ngenxa yoku, kuqikelelwa ukuba i 88% ukwanda kwezi zifo kuya kuba kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Ngaloo ndlela, idatha ityhila imfuno engxamisekileyo yokuthatha inyathelo kumxholo wezempilo yabantwana kunye nemfundo yokusingqongileyo kwihlabathi elichatshazelwa kakhulu intlekele yokuba yintlango.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu aluyongxaki yokusingqongileyo kuphela, kodwa luyingxaki ingxaki yamalungelo abantwana. Ukonakaliswa kwendalo kunempembelelo engqalileyo kwisondlo sabantwana, kwimpilo nakwimfundo. I imbalela y izikhukula Azibangeli ukufuduswa ngenkani nje kuphela, kodwa zikwatshabalalisa iziseko zempilo nezemfundo, nto leyo echaphazela amandla abantwana okuphumelela. Oku kubonakala kwiindawo ezinobunzima, apho i ukuziqhelanisa nezilwanyana ijongene nemingeni.
Awona maqela asemngciphekweni, kuquka nabantwana abasuka kuluntu lwemveli, abo bahlala ezitalatweni okanye abagxothiweyo, bajongene imiceli mngeni emikhulu ngakumbi. Imeko yolu luntu kufuneka ibe yinto ephambili kwii-ajenda zehlabathi ukuba sinqwenela ukunciphisa impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwimpilo yabantwana kunye nokukhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo ejongene nezi ngxaki.
Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nomgangatho ophantsi womoya kukwanxulunyaniswa neengxaki zempilo yengqondo ebantwaneni. Ukungaqiniseki ngekamva kunye noxinzelelo olunxulunyaniswa neziganeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu zidala a intlawulo ebalulekileyo ngokweemvakalelo kwizizukulwana ezitsha, ezinokuthi zichaphazele ukukhula kwazo ngokwasengqondweni nangokweemvakalelo, into esele ibonwe kwiindawo ngeendawo, nefuna ingqwalasela ekhawulezileyo ukulungelelanisa kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo.
Los oogqirha babantwana kunye neengcali zempilo yoluntu zilumkisa ukuba ukutshintsha kwemozulu yintlekele efuna inyathelo elikhawulezileyo. Kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezibandakanya abantwana kunye neentsapho kwingxoxo malunga nokusingqongileyo kunye nezisombululo zazo ukunciphisa iziphumo ezibi yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukubandakanywa kwabantwana ekukhangeleni izisombululo kubalulekile, kwaye ulwazi malunga nokuba sesichengeni kweVanuatu ngumzekelo wokuqwalasela.
Eminye yemilinganiselo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iphunyezwe ibandakanya:
- Ukuguqula ezolimo kunye nokuphumeza izenzo ezizinzileyo ukuqinisekisa ukutya okwaneleyo kubantwana.
- Yandisa ufikelelo kumanzi acocekileyo kwaye uqinisekise umoya ophilileyo.
- Ukukhuthaza imfundo yendalo esingqongileyo, eyenza abantwana baqonde kwaye benze izinto kwimiba yokusingqongileyo.
- Ukukhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthaza ubulungisa bemozulu kunye nentlonipho yamalungelo abantwana, ukubeka phambili awona maqela asesichengeni.
Kubalulekile ukuqulunqa imigaqo-nkqubo ebandakanya bonke abantu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana banelizwi xa kuthatyathwa izigqibo, beqonda ilungelo labo lekamva elinempilo nelizinzileyo. Imeko ekhoyo ngoku ifuna ukuba sonke sisebenze ngokubambisana nekamva labantwana bethu kwaye silungise imiba enxulumeneyo efana nale: I-Plutocene kunye nemiphumo yayo.
Ukonyuka koxinzelelo lwemozulu kunye nobunzima bokusingqongileyo kufuna ukuba uluntu lwasekhaya kunye noorhulumente behlabathi benze ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa ifuthe elibi lokutshintsha kwemozulu ebantwaneni. Ukuphumeza oku, kubalulekile ukuba oku kulandelayo kuhlolwe kwaye kuthathelwe ingqalelo: izimvo neemfuno yabantwana ekuyileni izisombululo eziphendula le mingeni.
