Ngelixa uMongameli wase-US uDonald Trump egcina isimo sokuthandabuza malunga nokufudumala kwehlabathi, inyaniso yile Umkhenkce welizwe ngokucacileyo zikwinkqubo yokunyibilika. KwiGlacier Park eMontana, kwimisinga yomkhenkce emalunga ne-150 eyayikho ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, li-XNUMX kuphela lomkhenkce elisele namhlanje. 26. Le mikhenkce ilahlekile 85% obunzima bomkhenkce kule minyaka ingama-50 idluleyo, ibalaselisa ingxaki eyothusayo kukutshintsha kwemozulu yesi sijikelezi-langa.
Ukunyamalala ngokupheleleyo kwezi mkhenkce kulindeleke ukuba kusemnyango; Ukuba oku kuyaqhubeka, sinokuba sinika iindaba ezibuhlungu zokunyamalala kwayo ngokupheleleyo kwiminyaka nje embalwa. Le meko ayichaphazeli nje ubuhle bendalo bommandla, kodwa nayo iye iimpembelelo ezinzulu yendalo esingqongileyo kunye ne-ecosystem yengingqi. Ukuba ufuna ukungena nzulu kwisihloko, ungajongana nenqaku izixeko ezinokunyamalala ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ukubaluleka kokufunda imikhenkce
Ukuphanda ngemikhenkce kubalulekile, ekubeni Zisebenza njengee-barometers ezizinzileyo zotshintsho lwexesha elide eMhlabeni. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iimeko zemozulu ezinokuguquguquka minyaka le, imikhenkce inika ingxelo engaguquguqukiyo yeentsingiselo zemozulu. UDaniel Fagre, umphandi weUnited States Geological Survey (USGS), waphawula oko "Uyazi ukuba kukho indlela yexesha elide xa zonke ii-glaciers zinyibilika okanye zikhula ngaxeshanye.". Ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukuqaphela i umahluko phakathi kokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nobushushu behlabathi. Ukongeza, i Umkhenkce waseArgentina nabo bajamelene nengxaki efanayo.
I-Glacier Park ithatha malunga ne-4,100 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha kwaye likhaya kwi-glaciers engaphezulu. Iminyaka engama-12,000 XNUMX ubudala. Ukunyamalala kwale mikhenkce sisiphumo esithe ngqo sokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ehlabathi kunye nokutshintsha kwamaza emvula, amanzi athatha indawo yekhephu ngamaxesha amaninzi onyaka. Ngaloo ndlela, kubalulekile ukwazi oonobangela abaphambili bokufudumala kwehlabathi. Kukwabalulekile ukubalula oko iintaba zomkhenkce ePeru basengozini.
Uqikelelo lwekamva lomkhenkce eU.S.
Iingcali ngokuma komhlaba ziye zalumkisa ngaloo nto IUnited States inokuphulukana nawo onke amakhenkce ayo ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane., eshiya kuphela abo base-Alaska, abakhoyo ngasentla kwe-48th parallel Nangona ezi zilumkiso, uMongameli uTrump ubonakala engayihoyi inzululwazi emva kokutshintsha kwemozulu kwaye uye wacebisa ukuhoxiswa kweSivumelwano seMozulu saseParis, ephikisana ukuba imimiselo yokusingqongileyo ithintela uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga nemeko kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, sincoma ukufunda malunga izilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye neentaka eziqhelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kwelinye icala, i Umkhenkce eAsia Bakwabonisa ukunyibilika okuxhalabisayo.
Ulawulo lwakhe sele luqalisile ukuphonononga iindlela zokulawula ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ezivunywe nguBarack Obama. Le yokugqibela yathembisa ukunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo ngo 26% kunye ne-28% xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba ka-2005, injongo ngoku ejongene nemingeni ebalulekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imeko ye Umkhenkce e-Ecuador Ikwabonakalisa ingxaki yemozulu yehlabathi.
Impembelelo ye-ikholoji yokunyibilika
Ukuncitshiswa komkhenkce akuyongxaki yobuhle kuphela; uye iziphumo ezinzulu zendalo. Ilahleko yomkhenkce kwiGlacier National Park inokutshintsha ngokuphawulekayo indalo yasemanzini. Utshintsho kwi umthamo wamanzi omlambo, ubushushu bamanzi kunye nexesha lokubaleka Zinokwenzakalisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zasemanzini, zichaphazela indawo yazo yokuhlala kunye nokuphila. Ngokutsho kukaFagre, oku kunokukhokelela kwiinguqulelo eziphawulekayo kwindawo ehlala indalo esezintabeni ezikumantla eRocky Mountains, apho kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo. Ukongeza, i Imbalela ikwachaphazela imixokomelwano emininzi yendalo. Ezi ziinkxalabo ezichaphazela amanye amazwekazi, njengoko kubonwa kwi iTshayina.
Uhlolisiso olwenziwa kwimikhenkce engama-39 eGlacier National Park neminye imikhenkce ekufutshane nayo luye lwabonisa ukuba ukuncipha komkhenkce kuyingozi ngakumbi eMontana kunakweminye imimandla emininzi yaseUnited States. UAndrew G. Fountain, isazi ngokuma komhlaba ePortland, uchaza ukuba “nangona ukuncipha kwentaba yaseMontana kuqatha ngakumbi kunezinye iindawo, kuhambisana nezinto ebezisenzeka ehlabathini lonke.”
Indlela yophando
Izazinzulu ziye zasebenzisa iteknoloji ephezulu, njengeemephu zedijithali kunye neefoto zasemoyeni, ukulinganisa iperimeter yomkhenkce ekupheleni kwehlobo. Eli lixesha apho ikhephu lonyaka liye lanyibilika, libonisa ubungakanani bokwenene bomkhenkce womkhenkce. Iindawo ezilinganisiweyo zibhalwe ngamaxesha athile ixesha elisusela ku-1966 ukuya ku-2015/2016, evumela abaphandi ukuba babe nomfanekiso-ngqondweni weminyaka ephantse ibe yi-50 yotshintsho kwindawo yomkhenkce. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nendlela utshintsho lwemozulu oluchaphazela ngayo ezinye iinkalo, unokujonga inqaku Indlela utshintsho lwemozulu oluchaphazela ngayo abafazi abakhulelweyo.
Utyelelo lwasendle luye lwenziwa ukuze kuphandwe iindawo zomkhenkce ezigqunywe bubutyobo bamatye, nto leyo ebangela umngeni ekuphononongeni kusetyenziswa umfanekiso wedijithali. Ukubeka iliso kule mikhenkce incinci yealpine kubalulekile ekuchazeni ifuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu kwiGlacier National Park kunye nokwazisa zombini ulawulo lwepaki kunye noluntu ngokubanzi.
Isilumkiso seUNESCO malunga nomkhenkce
I-UNESCO ikhuphe izilumkiso malunga nokunyamalala kwemikhenkce edumileyo kuluhlu lwayo lweLifa leMveli leHlabathi, ngoqikelelo olubonisa ukuba uninzi lwazo luza kunyamalala. 2050, ngaphandle kokuba kuthatyathwe amanyathelo angqingqwa ukunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu. KuMntla Merika, imikhenkce eYellowstone National Park kunye neYosemite National Park zisemngciphekweni ofanayo. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nefuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, siyakumema ukuba ufunde malunga Iintlango ezisengozini ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Le mikhenkce ayibalulekanga kuphela ngokwembono yendalo, kodwa nayo inayo ixabiso elibalulekileyo lenkcubeko kunye nelifa lemveli. Ukunyamalala kwayo kuya kuchaphazela iintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zasekhaya, unikezelo lwamanzi ahlaziyekileyo, kunye nokhenketho, nto leyo emele umthombo obalulekileyo wengeniso kuluntu oluninzi olukufutshane. Imeko yomnye ngomnye umzekelo ocacileyo wale ngxaki, njengoko kusenzeka kuyo España.
Iimpendulo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokutshintsha kwemozulu
Imeko ekhoyo ngoku yomkhenkce ibangele ingxoxo eshushu malunga noxanduva oorhulumente kutshintsho lwemozulu. Phezu kwako nje ukuvumelana okucacileyo kwenzululwazi ngolwalamano oluphakathi kwezinto ezenziwa ngabantu—ezinjengokutshiswa kwamafutha eefosili—kunye nokunyuka kweegesi ze<em>greenhouse, iinkokeli ezininzi zobupolitika zisaqhubeka zithandabuza ubunzulu bale meko. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indlela Izixeko ezifana neNew York ziyayeka ukutyala imali kumafutha efosili.
Iimitha zomkhenkce zigqalwa “njengabalindi” bokutshintsha kwemozulu, njengoko zibonakalisa utshintsho kubushushu boMhlaba kunye nemozulu ngokubanzi. Ukunyamalala okukhawulezileyo kwezi zidumbu zomkhenkce kukuphaphamisa ukuthatha amanyathelo. amanyathelo asebenzayo oko kunceda ukuthothisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Eminye imimandla echatshazelwa lutshintsho lwemozulu
Ingxaki yokunyibilika komkhenkce ayiphelelanga nje eUnited States. Ehlabathini lonke, umkhenkce uphela ngesantya esothusayo. EGreenland, i-ice sheet iye yabhalwa ukuba ilahlekelwe ngaphezu I-1,140 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni phakathi ko-1985 no-2022. Lo mqulu ubonisa ukwanda okubonakalayo koko bekuqikelelwa ngaphambili, kubonisa ukuqhubeka ilahleko ekhawulezileyo. Ukuqonda ngcono ingxaki yehlabathi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufunde malunga izikhukula eziza kubeka izigidi zabantu engozini.
Imeko yeAlps iyafana, apho kuye kwabikwa ukuba iintaba zomkhenkce zisengozini yokulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ehlotyeni anciphise kakhulu umthamo wale mikhenkce, nto leyo enokuthetha ukuba inokunyamalala kwixesha elizayo elingekude kakhulu. Impembelelo yale nto kwi icwecwe elikhulu lomkhenkce e-Antarctica, enokuthi idibaniswe nokunyuka kwamanqanaba olwandle, njengoko kubonisiwe kwezinye izifundo.
Iinkcukacha-manani ziyothusa ngokulinganayo kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, apho impembelelo ephawulekayo irekhodwe kwi iinkqubo zamanzi acocekileyo oko kuxhomekeke kule mikhenkce. Umzekelo, imikhenkce kwiintaba zeAndes kunye nePatagonia ibona ubunzima bayo bomkhenkce buncipha kakhulu, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela ukufumaneka kwamanzi okusela kulo mmandla.
