Emva kwesiganeko sobusika obunamandla, apho kubanda, ikhephu kunye nemvula enkulu, kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwixesha elilawulwa yi- i-anticyclone enamandla etshintsha ngokupheleleyo indlela yemozuluSiye sasuka ekuthetha ngemida ebandayo nomoya we-polar saya kwimeko yokuzinza phantse ngokupheleleyo, kunye nesibhakabhaka esicacileyo kunye nokuchacha kancinci kancinci kumaqondo obushushu. Olu tshintsho lusenokubonakala lumangalisa, kodwa luhambelana kakuhle nokuguquguquka komoya we-latitudes zethu.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngaphezu koko, olu hlobo lweemeko luya lusanda: oololiwe beziphango ezisebenza kakhulu ezilandelwa izigaba ezinde ze-anticyclonic ezithintela ukufika kwemvula entshaNgokwembali kukho imiqolo efudumeleyo phakathi kobusika kunye neziganeko zongcoliseko olukhulu ezidolophini ngexesha lokuzola komoya. Makhe sijonge ngokweenkcukacha ukuba yintoni i-anticyclone emva kwesiganeko sasebusika, indlela eyenzeka ngayo, zeziphi iintlobo ezikhoyo, uhlobo lwemozulu esizisa yona imihla ngemihla, kunye nendima eyidlalayo kwimozulu yaseSpain nakwimeko yotshintsho lwemozulu kunye Uqikelelo lwentwasahlobo eSpain.
Ukususela kwiziphepho zasebusika ukuya ekuzoleni okuchasene ne-cyclonic: indlela etshintshayo
Xa ummandla utshintsha ukusuka kwisaqhwithi esikhulu sasebusika ukuya kwimeko ye-anticyclonic, into esinayo yi- utshintsho olucacileyo kwindlela yokujikeleza komoyaNgaphambi kokuba kubekho i-anticyclone, kufika ummandla obandayo osebenzayo, ohamba nomoya omkhulu we-polar okanye we-sea polar. Lo moya ubandayo uthatha indawo yomoya ofudumeleyo owawukho ngaphambili, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla okukhulu kobushushu.
Kwezi ziqendu, amaxabiso agqithisileyo ahlala erekhodwa: umzekelo, Amaqondo obushushu asondele kwi-30ºC ehla aye kuthi ga kwi-10ºC kwiintsuku ezintathu nje kuphela xa umoya obandayo kakhulu ungena. Ikhephu livela kwiindawo ezisezantsi, malunga neemitha ezingama-800-1.000 kwiintaba ezifana ne-Iberian System, ngelixa imvula isasazeka kwaye imozulu iba yibusika kakhulu, nokuba phakathi ku-Epreli. Ezi meko zixhaphakile kwiimeko umoya we-polar, imvula kunye nekhephu.
Emva kokudlula kwesivuthuvuthu sokugqibela kunye nemida enxulumene naso, umoya uyahlengahlengiswa kwaye i-anticyclone iqala ukuqina. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu luqala ukusuka UMntla Afrika ukuya kwiindawo eziphakathi zaseYurophuejikeleze i-Iberian Peninsula kunye nenxalenye enkulu yommandla we-Atlantic. Le ndawo inoxinzelelo oluphezulu isebenza njengodonga oluqinisekileyo, ithintela ukufika kweenkqubo ezintsha ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi.
Iintlambo zeAtlantiki, ezidla ngokuhamba kwiilatitude ezisezantsi, zinyanzelwa ukuba zihambe ziye emantla, zidlule kude emantla, okanye zinyamalale nje xa zidibana ne-anticyclone. Kwi-meteorology, ubuthathaka bentlambo kuthiwa bubuthathaka. I-Frontolysis, oko kukuthi, ukufa komphambili xa ungqubana neenkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezuluIsiphumo sokugqibela lixesha lokuzinza, apho amafu angakhuli kangako kwaye amaqondo obushushu abuyela esiqhelweni kancinci kancinci.
Kule meko, umoya udla ngokuba yinto eqikelelekayo kwixesha elifutshane: Utshintsho oluncinci kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa, uninzi lwazo isibhakabhaka sicacile kwaye amaqondo obushushu anyukaingakumbi iindawo eziphakamileyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iintsuku zihamba, ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga zinokubonakala, njengokugquma kwamafu kancinci, utshintsho lomoya, okanye ukubonakala kwezivuthuvuthu zasemini, ingakumbi kwiindawo zeentaba.
Imozulu enjani esinokuyilindela imihla ngemihla emva kwesiganeko sasebusika?
Xa iimodeli zokuqikelela zibonisa i-anticyclone esele imiselwe kakuhle, iimeko ezahlukeneyo (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-ensembles) zihlala zihambelana kakhulu kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba umoya ozinzileyo ongenazintlukwano zininzi kakhulu kwingqikeleloUkususela ngosuku lwesine okanye lwesihlanu ukuya phambili, ukungaqiniseki kuyanda kwaye utshintsho olunokwenzeka luqala ukubonakala, njengemigxobhozo emincinci yomoya obandayo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezinokubangela izivuthuvuthu.
Kwimeko eqhelekileyo emva kwesiganeko sasebusika, ukwabiwa kwexesha kusenokufana noku, kuthathwa njengesalathiso sommandla ongaphakathi kweSiphaluka sase-Iberia njengeLa Rioja, kunye nentlambo yase-Ebro kunye neendawo zeentaba kwiNkqubo yase-Iberia, kunye nayo imozulu yentlambo:
NgoLwesithathu nangoLwesine: incwadi yesifundo intwasahlobo phantsi kwe-anticyclone
Emva kwesaqhwithi, iintsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa ezinenkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu zihlala ziluhlobo oluthile ikhadi leposi lasentwasahlobo eliphantse lagqibelelaIsibhakabhaka sicacile kakhulu, kukho inkungu yasekuseni okanye amabala enkungu anyamalala ngokukhawuleza xa ilanga liqina. Imimoya ilula, idla ngokuvela emantla okanye emantla-ntshona, ngaphandle kwemimoya ecacileyo.
Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anyukile xa kuthelekiswa neentsuku ezibandayo zangaphambili: Kwiintlambo, amaqondo obushushu angama-24-26°C anokufikelelwa lula.Nangona kwiindawo zeentaba, amaqondo obushushu amalunga ne-18-20 ºC. Nangona kunjalo, amaqondo obushushu aphantsi asabonakalisa inkumbulo yengqele, amaxabiso asondele kwi-6-8 ºC kwiindawo ezisezantsi kunye ne-4-6 ºC ezintabeni.
Lo mahluko mkhulu phakathi kobushushu basebusuku nobasemini, obizwa ngokuba luluhlu lobushushu bemihla ngemihla, unokuba malunga Umahluko we-20°C, uphawu olucacileyo lwentwasahlobo phantsi kolawulo lwe-anticyclonicUbusuku buhlala bupholile, kodwa emva kwemini kufudumele kwaye kuyathandeka, kunye nobushushu obukhululekileyo.
Usuku lwesibini oluzinzileyo, oludla ngokuba luLwesine, ludla ngokuba enye yezona zithuleyo zeveki yonkeUkungabikho kwemvula ngokupheleleyo, isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nelanga elininzi. Xa kuthelekiswa namaqondo obushushu aphakathi ku-Epreli, amazinga aphezulu anokuba phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-7°C ngaphezu kwesiqhelo, nto leyo ebonisa ubume bemozulu obuphantsi.
NgoLwesihlanu: uzinzo oluqinisiweyo kunye nokunyuka okuphezulu
Njengoko i-anticyclone isaqhubeka ngaphandle kweengxaki, uLwesihlanu uhlala eqhubeka Umkhwa ozinzileyo kunye nokunyuka okuncinci kwamaqondo obushushu aphezuluUmzekelo, kwintlambo yase-Ebro, kulula ukufikelela kwi-25-26 ºC, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba kufikelelwe kwi-27 ºC kwiindawo ezikwisiqingatha esisempuma.
Kwisiqingatha sesibini sosuku kuvela amafu aphakathi naphezulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imozulu ibe nzima, Bahombisa nje isibhakabhaka ngaphandle kokuvumela nayiphi na imvula ine.Umoya ujika uye ngasentshona, kodwa uhlala ukhaphukhaphu, kungekho moya ubonakalayo. Imvakalelo iyonke yemozulu efana neyentwasahlobo, kunye namaqondo obushushu afudumeleyo phakathi emini.
NgoMgqibelo: Amafu amaninzi kodwa akukho tshintsho kwipateni
UMgqibelo udla ngokuzisa utshintsho oluncinci kwimozulu ezinzileyo iyonke. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu ludla ngokutshintshela kancinci kwiAtlantiki, nto leyo ekhuthaza Ukuhamba kolwandle oluseMantla-ntshona kungenisa umswakama owongezelelekileyo kwiindawo ezisezantsiLoo mswakama ungaphezulu uguqulela ekubeni lifu elingaphezulu, ingakumbi kusasa.
Ezi ntsuku ziya kubona amafu angenasiphelo, ngaphandle kokufikelela kwimeko yokuba isibhakabhaka sigubungele ngokupheleleyo. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu aya kuba ne- Ukwehla okuncinci xa kuthelekiswa neentsuku zangaphambili, kusele malunga nama-20-22 ºC kwiintlamboAsikuko ukutshintsha kwemozulu ngokwenene, kodwa kukuphumla ngaphakathi kwendlela ezinzileyo.
Iimodeli zihlala zibonisa imvula encinci kakhulu entlanjeni. Ubuninzi, Kunokubakho ukukhazimla okukhaphukhaphu nokusasazekayo kwiindawo ezithe tyaba ezibonakala kumsinga ongasentshona.Kodwa akwanelanga ukubonisa isiganeko esitsha semvula. I-anticyclone isaqhubeka, nangona ikude kancinci.
NgeCawa nangoMvulo: iimeko ezifanelekileyo kwiziphepho
Njengoko sisondela ngeCawa nangoMvulo, ukuthembeka kwezibikezelo kwehla kancinci, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba siziphathe ngononophelo. Nangona kunjalo, iimodeli ngokubanzi ziyavumelana ukuba, ngaphandle kotshintsho olukhawulezileyo, Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu adla ngokunyuka kwakhona.
Kule meko, amaqondo obushushu angabuyela kwi-23-25°C entlanjeni ngeCawa aze afikelele kwi-27-28°C ngoMvulo, esoloko ephantsi kwesibhakabhaka esinamafu. Into enomdla kukuba Iimpawu zokungazinzi ziqala ukubonakala ngendlela yezivuthuvuthu ezinokubakho., ingakumbi kwiindawo ezineentaba ezifana ne-Iberian Peninsula, apho kulula khona ukujikeleza kwamanzi.
Ezo nkqwithela, ukuba zikhula ngokulungelelana kunye nentshukumo eyaneleyo, Zinokufikelela nakwiindawo ezisemantlanjeniNangona kunjalo, abenzi njalo rhoqo. Bahlala bevaleleke ezintabeni, bekhupha iimvula ezinkulu kunye nomsebenzi wombane kwiindawo eziphakamileyo neziphakathi, ngaphandle kokuchaphazela kakhulu amathafa amakhulu.
Ngaba kuza kuna imvula phakathi evekini emva kwenkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu?
Omnye wemibuzo ehlala ibuzwa xa kufika i-anticyclone emva kwesaqhwithi sasebusika kukuba ingaba siza kuba nemvula engaphezulu na kwixesha elifutshane. Kwimimandla yeentlambo efana ne-Ebro, Kwiintsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa zokulawula i-anticyclonic, imvula ayifumaneki lula.Iintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala zisenokuzisa imvula eseleyo ezintabeni, kodwa akukho nto ibalulekileyo.
Njengoko i-anticyclone itshintsha kancinci kwaye iipatheni zomoya zitshintsha, ingakumbi ekupheleni kweveki, Amathuba okuba kubekho iziphepho ezintabeni ayanda.Ezi nkqwithela aziqhelekanga: kwezinye iindawo zikhupha imvula enamandla, ngelixa kumgama weekhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka apho kuwela amathontsi ambalwa.
Kwintlambo, isitshixo kukuba ingaba ezo seli zesaqhwithi ziyakhula kwaye zihamba umgama omde ngokwaneleyo na. Ukuba kunjalo, Banokuzisa iishawa eziphakathi ekuhlaleniKodwa ngokwesiqhelo imvula eqokelelweyo yeveki nganye iya kuhlala iphantsi kakhulu emva kwesaqhwithi esikhulu sokuqala.
Kwiimeko ezinjalo, imibutho esemthethweni efana ne-AEMET idla ngokubonisa ukuba iveki iyonke, kushushu kunesiqhelo kwaye kunemvula encinci kakhulu, nto leyo eqinisa ingcamango yokuba uxinzelelo oluphezulu luya kuqhubeka lulawula uninzi lwexesha.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga ne-anticyclone emva kwesiganeko sasebusika
Xa imozulu itshintsha ngesiquphe, kuphakama imibuzo eqhelekileyo. Emininzi idla ngokuba malunga notshintsho lobushushu, ubude bexesha elizinzileyo, kunye nomngcipheko weqabaka ezisemva kwexesha.
Ngokuphathelele amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kolu hlobo lwesiganeko kulula ukuwa phakathi 5 kunye ne-7 ºC ngaphezulu komndilili wemozulu Phakathi entwasahlobo, akuqhelekanga ukubona amazinga aphezulu obushushu angama-24-26°C, kwaye asondele nakwi-27°C kwezinye iindawo, xa amaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo eba malunga ne-18-20°C.
Ngokuphathelele ukuba eli xesha lizinzileyo lihlala ixesha elingakanani, amava kunye neemodeli zibonisa ukuba, xa i-anticyclone izinzile, Ingagcinwa ubuncinane iveki yonkeNgamanye amaxesha, uqikelelo lweveki lude luqikelele amaxesha eentsuku ezili-10-15 apho kukho izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezishushu kunye nemvula encinci, nangona okukhona sijonge phambili, kokukhona ukungaqiniseki kusanda.
Omnye umbuzo obalulekileyo kukuba ingaba iqabaka lisenokwenzeka na. Kwiintlambo, apho amaqondo obushushu aphantsi amalunga ne-6-8°C, iqabaka alikho kwaphela. Nangona kunjalo, kwi Iqabaka elincinci lisenokubakho kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ze-Iberian Peninsula okanye kwezinye iintaba. kubusuku bokuqala emva kwesaqhwithi, ingakumbi xa isibhakabhaka sicacile kwaye umoya ukhanya kakhulu.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-anticyclone kwaye kutheni izisa uzinzo?
Ngokwembono yemozulu, i-anticyclone yi- ummandla womoya apho uxinzelelo luphezulu kunakwiindawo ezingqongileyoIdla ngokunxulunyaniswa nemozulu ezolileyo, enamafu ambalwa kwaye kungekho mvula ininzi. Isitshixo sisekuhambeni komoya ngaphakathi kwenkqubo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Kwi-anticyclone, umoya udla ngokuhla ukusuka kumanqanaba aphakathi naphezulu e-troposphere ukuya kumphezulu. Le ntshukumo yokuhla ibizwa ngokuba ukuthobaNjengoko uhla, umoya uyaxinwa, ufudunyezwe, kwaye womiswe, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba amafu amile nkqo enzeke, kwaye ngenxa yoko, kubekho imvula.
Nangona kunjalo, i-anticyclone ayisoloko ithetha isibhakabhaka esicacileyo kunye nelanga elikhanyayo. Kwiindawo ezingaphakathi elizweni naphakathi ebusika, olu hlobo lokutshona komhlaba lunokubamba umoya obandayo nofumileyo kufutshane nomhlaba, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni inkungu eqhubekayo kunye nokuguquka okuphawulekayo kobushushuKule meko, umoya ofudumeleyo uhlala uphezulu kwaye umoya obandayo ubambeke phezu komhlaba.
Kwi-enyakatho ye-hemisphere, umoya okwi-anticyclone uyajikeleza izinga leyure elijikeleze embindini woxinzelelo oluphezuluKwinkqubo enoxinzelelo oluphantsi (indawo enoxinzelelo oluphantsi), umoya ujikeleza ngokuchasene newotshi. Ngaphezu koko, kwiinkqubo ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi, umoya uyaphakama, uphole, kwaye ukhuthaze ukwakheka kwamafu kunye nemvula—okuchasene noko kwenzeka kwiinkqubo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-anticyclone kunye nenkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi
Ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo indima ye-anticyclone emva kwesaqhwithi sasebusika, kubalulekile ukucacisa umahluko osisiseko phakathi kwayo kunye nenkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi. Okokuqala, ixabiso loxinzelelo lomoyaKwi-anticyclone, sithetha ngoxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwe-1013 hPa, ngelixa kwinkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi zihlala zingaphantsi kwelo xabiso lereferensi.
Okwesibini, i intshukumo yomoya ethe nkqo Kukwahlukile. Kwi-anticyclones, umoya uyehla uze ucinezeleke, unciphise ukungazinzi; kwiinkanyamba, umoya uyaphakama, wande, uze uphole, nto leyo ebangela amafu kunye nemozulu engazinzile. Yiyo loo nto sihlala sidibanisa ii-anticyclones nemozulu entle kwaye iinkanyamba nemozulu embi.
Okokugqibela, ukujikeleza komoya ongaphezulu komhlaba nako kwahlukile. Kwisiqingatha sethu somhlaba, Umoya ujikeleza ngokwewotshi kwii-anticyclones kwaye ujikeleza ngokwewotshi kwiinkanyamba.Olu jikelezo lukwamisela icala lemimoya ekhoyo kwimeko nganye, kwaye ke ngoko, imvelaphi yemimoya esichaphazelayo.
Indlela i-anticyclone eyakheka ngayo kwaye zeziphi iintlobo ezikhoyo
Ukwenziwa kwe-anticyclone, ngokungafaniyo nenkanyamba ephuhlileyo, akuvelisi izakhiwo ezintle kangaka xa zijongwa kwi-satellites. Asiyi kubona amafu amakhulu ajikelezayo, kodwa endaweni yoko... iindawo ezicacileyo okanye iindawo ezinefu elingaphantsi nelifanayokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka kunye nommandla.
I-anticyclone yenzeka xa umoya uphela ungashukumi, ungachukunyiswa kangako ngumoya, uze uqale ukuhla uye kumphezulu. Njengoko uhla, uxinzelelo luyanda, kwaye nobushushu bomoya buyanda ngenxa yokucinezelwa, okuthintela ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi okuya kwenza amafu anokukhula ngokuthe nkqo.
Kule meko, amafu aphakathi naphezulu anzima kakhulu ukukhula, ngelixa amafu aphantsi, njengenkungu okanye i-stratus, Zingaphila okanye zakheke zibe ziingqimba ezikufutshane kakhulu nomhlabaYiyo loo nto, ebusika, sinokuba ne-anticyclone kodwa sibe neentsuku ezibandayo nezimnyama kwiintlambo, nangona umoya uzinzile ngokubanzi.
Ngaphakathi kwii-anticyclones, sahlula iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ngokwemvelaphi yazo: i-anticyclone enamandla kunye ne-anticyclone yobushushuZombini zibonelela ngozinzo, kodwa amaqondo obushushu ahambelanayo kunye neemeko zemozulu ezithile zinokwahluka kakhulu.
I-anticyclone enamandla
I-dynamic anticyclone yeyona ixhaphakileyo eSpain nakwinxalenye enkulu yeYurophu. Yenzeka kwiindawo apho kukho umoya omninzi, ngaphakathi ukujikeleza komoya ngokubanzi, kwahluka xa kuphezuluOku kwahluka kunyanzela umoya ukuba wehle uye kumanqanaba aphantsi, nto leyo ebangela uxinzelelo oluphezulu kumphezulu.
Iqhelekile kwimimandla engaphantsi kwetropiki kwaye inxulunyaniswa Imozulu ezinzileyo, isibhakabhaka esicacileyo, kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu eminiEhlotyeni, olu hlobo lwe-anticyclone lunokubangela amaza obushushu ahlala ixesha elide; entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kwiiveki zonke zemozulu ethambileyo ye-anticyclonic.
I-anticyclone yobushushu
Kwelinye icala, i-anticyclone yobushushu yenziwa yi ukupholisa komoya okubonakalayo kakhulu kumphezuluIdla ngokubonakala kwiindawo ezingaphakathi elizweni, kude nefuthe lolwandle, njengeentlango ezinkulu zelizwekazi okanye amathafa abanzi kufutshane neepali, apho imitha yelanga inqabile khona ngexesha lasebusika.
Kwezi ndawo, umoya uyaphola imihla ngemihla, kungekho nto iphinda ivuselelwe, umoya obandayo oxineneyo kufutshane nomhlaba. Olu qokelelo ludala indawo enamandla kakhulu enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, enokuhlala iiveki okanye iinyanga, de imitha yelanga iphinde ifumane amandla entwasahlobo.
Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yolu hlobo lwe-anticyclone yi I-anticyclone yaseSiberia okanye i-anticyclone yobushushu yaseGreenlandZombini zisebenza njengeendawo ezinkulu zokugcina umoya obandayo kakhulu, ezikwaziyo ukuthumela ii-pulses ezibandayo eYurophu nakwezinye iindawo xa umsinga we-jet uvumela oko.
Ukuthintela ii-anticyclones kunye neepateni zokujikeleza kwegazi
Indima ye ukuvimba ii-anticyclonesEzi zizakhiwo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezikwaziyo ukuphazamisa ukuhamba okuqhelekileyo komoya omkhulu kangangeentsuku ezininzi okanye iiveki. Ezi patheni zokuvimba zibonakaliswa ngumgaqo womoya ongaqhelekanga kwi-troposphere ephezulu, ephantse ihlale okanye ibuyele umva.
Zibizwa ngokuba zi-blocking kuba Zithintela ukujikeleza okuqhelekileyo kweendawo ukusuka entshona ukuya empumaOku kunyanzela izivuthuvuthu kunye namaza eRossby ukuba ajikeleze indawo ye-anticyclonic okanye aphambuke kakhulu kwindlela yawo eqhelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ezi patheni zinokuqina ngokuphakama kwaye zisasazeke ziye kwi-stratosphere, zidibana ne-polar vortex.
Ngaphezulu, ii-anticyclones ezivimbayo zinokuguqulelwa kwi- iziqendu zemvula ende, amaxesha obanda kakhulu, okanye amaxesha amade embalelakuxhomekeke ekubeni zifumaneka njani kwaye zikuphi. Kwicandelo le-Euro-Atlantic, umzekelo, ipateni yokuvimba phezu kweGreenland idla ngokwenza buthathaka i-NAO (iNorth Atlantic Oscillation) kwaye ikhetha ukufika komoya obandayo eNtshona Yurophu.
Iingcali zemozulu zinika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwezi patheni zokuthintela ezikwiqela 55º N ukuya kwi-70º Napho ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwayo kunefuthe elikhulu kwimozulu yasebusika eYurophu naseMntla Melika. Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenzisana kwayo ne-polar vortex kunokubangela ukufudumala kwe-stratospheric, ukutshintsha, okanye ukwahlulwa kwe-vortex ngokwayo ibe zii-cores ezimbini.
Ukuxilongwa kwezi patheni kwenziwa ngoncedo lweemephu zomoya eziphakamileyo kunye nemifanekiso yomphunga wamanzi, evumela ukubonakala ii-tropopause folds, imijelo ye-polar ne-subtropical jet streams, ii-troughs kunye nee-ridgesKonke oku kunceda ekuqikeleleni ukuba ingaba ukuvaleka kuya kubakho, kuqhubeke, okanye kuya kuphela, kunye nokuba kuya kuba nefuthe elingakanani kwimozulu kwinqanaba lengingqi.
Ii-anticyclone eziphambili zeplanethi kunye nempembelelo yazo eSpain
Kwihlabathi liphela, iinkqubo ezininzi zoxinzelelo oluphezulu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimozulu yengingqi. Ezinye zezi zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo i-Iberian Peninsula, zichaphazela ukufika kwezivuthuvuthu, ukungena komoya obandayo, kunye neziqendu zobushushu obugqithisileyo.
Owona mzekelo waziwa kakhulu ngu I-Azores anticycloneI-anticyclone enamandla engaphantsi kwetropiki edla ngokufumaneka kuMntla weAtlantiki, kufutshane neziqithi ezinegama elifanayo. Ngexesha lasehlotyeni, iyaqina kwaye itshintshele kumantla-mpuma, idala ikhaka eliqinisekileyo elithintela izivuthuvuthu zeAtlantiki ukuba zingafikeleli kwiSiphaluka saseIberia.
Ebusika, iAzores High iba buthathaka ize ifudukele emazantsi, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukufika kwezivuthuvuthu kunye nemida enxulumene nazo ezizisa iimvula ezinkulu nekhephu kwiindawo ezininzi zaseSpain. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, inokuqina kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngokungaqhelekanga, idale ixesha elide lozinzo nokuba phakathi kwexesha lokubanda.
Kwelinye icala, i I-anticyclone yaseSiberia Yindawo enkulu enobushushu eyenzeka phezu kweSiberia enkulu yaseRashiya ngexesha lasebusika. Yenye yezona ndawo zinkulu zokugcina umoya obandayo emhlabeni, kwaye xa idibana neAzores High nge "bhulorho" enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, inokuhambisa umoya obandayo kakhulu waseSiberia uye eNtshona Yurophu nakwiSiphaluka sase-Iberia.
Ezinye ii-anticyclone ezibalulekileyo ziquka i-North Pacific anticyclone, echaphazela unxweme olusentshona loMntla Melika; i-South Atlantic anticyclone, kufutshane neBrazil neArgentina; i-South Pacific anticyclone, ejikeleze i-Easter Island; kunye ne-Hawaiian anticyclone, enegalelo kwi ukuvelisa imimoya yorhwebo kunye nemozulu efudumeleyo nezinzileyo kwiziqithi ezininzi zePasifikiZonke ziyinxalenye yoomatshini bomoya behlabathi lonke.
Ukuthintela i-anticyclone, i-NAO engalunganga kunye neetreyini ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi
Kubusika bakutshanje, kuye kwabonwa iziqendu apho ukuvimba i-anticyclone kwiindawo eziphakamileyo Oku kuye kwanceda ukufika kothotho lweenkqwithela kwiSithili sase-Iberia. UJanuwari noFebruwari kwiminyaka yakutshanje baye baphawulwa ziingxinano ezinzulu ezilandelelanayo, apho imvula eqokeleleneyo ingaphezulu kakhulu kunesiqhelo.
Olu hlobo lwemeko lunxulumene nezigaba ezingezizo ze-NAO (i-North Atlantic Oscillation). I-NAO ilinganisa umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwe-Azores High kunye ne-Icelandic Low. Xa zombini iinkqubo zibuthathaka, i-gradient yoxinzelelo iyancipha kwaye Iziphango zivame ukujikeleza emazantsi, nto leyo eyaba nefuthe elikhulu eSpain.
Ngexesha lala manqanaba angalunganga, "iindlela ezinkulu" zokwenyani ziyavulekela izivuthuvuthu, ngamanye amaxesha zikhuthazwa yimilambo enomoya ogcwele umswakama ovela kwiindawo ezishushu. Ukuguquka komsinga we-polar kunye ne-subtropical jet stream nako kudlala indima, nangona ulwalamano lwayo ngqo nokufudumala kwehlabathi lusaphandwa.
Emva kolu thotho lweenkqwithela, akumangalisi ukuba indlela etshintsha ngayo ngesiquphe kwaye i-anticyclone enamandla kakhulu, kuquka nomqolo ofudumeleyo, nto leyo ebangela uhlobo oluthile lwe-"meteorological coma": imozulu ezinzileyo kakhulu, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngexesha lonyaka kunye nokungabikho kwemvula ngokupheleleyo kangangeentsuku okanye iiveki eziliqela.
Impembelelo ye-anticyclone kumgangatho womoya nakubomi bemihla ngemihla
Ebusika, xa i-anticyclone ihlala phezu kwe-emantla ye-hemisphere, ayivelisi nje kuphela isibhakabhaka esibandayo nesicacileyo kwiindawo ezininzi; ikwabangela Umoya awuvuselelwa kangako ngenxa yokuzinza kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu.Ngenxa yoko, ungcoliseko olufana ne-nitrogen oxides (NOx), i-carbon dioxide (CO₂) kunye ne-particle matter (PM10) ziyaqokelelana, ingakumbi kwiindawo zasezidolophini.
Olu qokelelo lwezinto ezingcolisayo iyingozi kakhulu kubantu abadala, abantwana, kunye nezigulane ezineengxaki zentliziyo okanye zokuphefumlaIzixeko zinokuhlangabezana neziganeko zomgangatho womoya ophantsi, isibhakabhaka esimnyama okanye esimhlophe, nokuba akukho mafu, kunye nemiqathango yezithuthi ngexesha longcoliseko oluphezulu.
Ukuhambahamba komntu ngamnye kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunefuthe ngqo kule ngxaki. izithuthi zikawonke-wonke, iibhayisekile okanye ukuhamba ngeenyawo Iyanciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo okuvela kwicandelo lezothutho, elimalunga ne-30% yokukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo kwiManyano yaseYurophu.
Zikwanceda ekuqhubeni kakuhle, ukugcinwa rhoqo kwesithuthi kunye noxinzelelo olufanelekileyo lwamatayaraLa manyathelo anciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo. Kwinqanaba leshishini, ukudibanisa ii-odolo kunye nokwenza lula ukuhanjiswa kwezinto kunciphisa inani leehambo kwaye kunceda ukuphucula umgangatho womoya ngexesha elide loxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Inkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ebantwaneni: ukuchaza imozulu entle ngaphandle kweengxaki
Ukuba sifuna ukuchazela umntwana ukuba yintoni i-anticyclone, sinokuthi yiyo indawo yesibhakabhaka apho imozulu izolileyoAkukho moya uvuthuzayo, akukho mvula ininzi, kwaye kudla ngokuba nelanga. Luhlobo lwemozulu esiludibanisa neentsuku ezimnandi apho unokuya epakini ungenasambrela okanye idyasi enzima.
Kwelinye icala, isivuthuvuthu singachazwa “njengotshaba” lwemozulu entle: Izisa imvula, umoya, kwaye idla ngokubandaOku kwenza kube lula ebantwaneni abancinci ukunxulumanisa igama elithi anticyclone nokukhanya kwelanga kunye namaqondo obushushu aphantsi, kwaye igama elithi storm lithetha amafu amnyama, iimvula, kunye nemozulu embi.
I-Anticyclone kunye notshintsho lwemozulu: ubudlelwane obubaluleke ngakumbi
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwee-anticyclones kunye notshintsho lwemozulu yintsimi yophando ehlala itshintsha. Akukho mvumelwano iqinileyo malunga nendlela iinkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu eziya kutshintsha ngayo kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka, kodwa Ewe, umkhwa ocacileyo ubonwa ehlotyeni.Ii-Anticyclones zibonakala zixhaphakile, zihlala ixesha elide, kwaye zikwiindawo eziphakamileyo kancinci.
Olu tshintsho kunye nokuqina ngexesha leenyanga ezifudumeleyo kuthetha ukuba iintsuku ezinelanga elininzi, imvula encinci, kunye ukwanda kokuguquka kweendawo ezithile zibe yintlangokunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu ixesha elide ngaphandle koncedo. KwiSiqingatha sase-Iberia, oku kuthetha ukuba lixesha elide nelinamandla ngakumbi ehlotyeni, elinempembelelo ngqo kwimithombo yamanzi, ezolimo, kunye nempilo.
Ezinye izifundo zikwakhomba kwinto enokwenzeka ukucotha kokujikeleza komoya kwiNorth AtlanticOku kunokubangela ukuba umoya obandayo kakhulu wehle eYurophu naseSpain ngexesha elithile lobusika. Nangona kunjalo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ubusika bakutshanje bubonakalise iipatheni ezithambileyo kunokuba bekulindelwe kule meko.
Nokuba kunjalo, indibaniselwano yeziqendu zasebusika ezimanzi kakhulu, ezilandelwa zii-anticyclones ezinamandla ezifudumeleyo ezithintela ukufika kwemvula entsha, iyahambelana nengcamango yokuba umoya ogqithisileyo onomahluko ocacileyoOko kukuthi, amaxesha emvula kakhulu atshintshana namaxesha embalela axhalabisayo, into ekuya kufuneka siyiqhelanise nayo ekucwangciseni nasekulawuleni amanzi.
Emva kwexesha lasebusika elinzima, ukufika kwe-anticyclone akusiziseli nje kuphela iintsuku zesibhakabhaka esicacileyo kunye namaqondo obushushu amnandi, kodwa kuzisa neentsuku Kuphawula ukuqala kwendlela entsha yomoya enefuthe kwimvula, kumgangatho womoya, amandla esiwasebenzisayo, kwanempilo yabantu abasengozini enkulu.Ukuqonda indlela eyakheka ngayo, ukuba inokuhlala ixesha elingakanani, kunye nohlobo lwayo kusinceda ukuba siqonde ngcono ukunyuka nokuhla kwemozulu kwaye silungiselele imeko-bume apho oku kungafani kuya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo.
