El Ukufikelela ngokuzimeleyo kweYurophu kwindawo Kuthathwe inyathelo elibalulekileyo ngokuqaliswa kwamva nje kwerokethi i-Ariane 6 evela kwiSikhumulo Seenqanawa saseYurophu eKourou, eFrench Guiana. Kwakukho iisathelayithi ezimbini ezintsha zenkqubo yokuhamba ngenqwelo moya yaseGalileo, ezichongiweyo njenge UMgqibelo wama-33 kunye noMgqibelo wama-34, ejoliswe ekuqiniseni iqela laseYurophu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkonzo zalo ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
Ukuqaliswa, okucwangciselwe 05:01 GMT (06:01 Ixesha lePeninsular yaseSpain)Umsebenzi wenziwa njengoko bekucwangcisiwe. Irokhethi yaseYurophu ethwala izinto ezinzima, intsika entsha ye-ESA yemisebenzi emikhulu, yabeka iisathelayithi kwi umjikelezo oqhelekileyo woMhlaba malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-23.000 ekuphakameni, emva kweeyure ezininzi zokuqhuba okubalulekileyo kunye nokutsha kwenjini yeVinci ephezulu, okwakhokelela ekwahlulweni kweenqwelo moya ezimbini zikwimeko entle.
Ku malunga Ukuqaliswa kokuqala kweesathelayithi zikaGalileo kwi-Ariane 6Eli nqanaba libonwa yi-European Space Agency (ESA), yiKhomishini yaseYurophu, kunye nomzi-mveliso waseYurophu njengenyathelo lobuchwepheshe nelicwangcisiweyo. Olu thumo alugcini nje ngokwandisa amandla okusebenza kwenkqubo yokuhamba kodwa lukwaqinisa isikhundla saseYurophu kwicandelo elalilawulwa ngabadlali abakhulu njenge-United States, iRashiya, neTshayina.
Iisathelayithi ezintsha zaseGalileo aziyi kungena ngoko nangoko: emva kokufikelela kumjikelo wazo ocwangcisiweyo, ziya kudlula kwinqanaba imisebenzi yokuqala, ukuhlolwa kobugcisa kunye novavanyo lwe-in-orbit eya kuhlala iinyanga ezininzi. Kuphela xa kuqinisekiswa ukuba zonke iinkqubo zayo ziyasebenza ngaphandle komonakalo obangelwe kukuqaliswa apho ziya kuhlanganiswa ngokupheleleyo kwi-constellation, apho ziya kuncedisa ekuphuculeni indawo, ukuhamba, kunye nexesha elisetyenziswa zizigidi zabasebenzisi.
I-Ariane 6 yaqaliswa njani ngeesathelayithi ze-SAT 33 kunye ne-SAT 34?
Ukuqaliswa kwe-Ariane 6 ukusuka eKourou kwenzeke phakathi iimeko zemozulu ezilungileyoNangona ilixesha lemvula eFrench Guiana, irokhethi yadubula emva nje kwemizuzwana embalwa ishiye indawo yokuqalisa, yanyamalala phantsi kwamafu amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, umkhondo ovela kwiziko lolawulo uqinisekisile ukuba iiparameter zokubhabha zihleli ngaphakathi kolindelo.
En los imizuzu yokuqala yomsebenzi Kwalandela amanqanaba aliqela abalulekileyo: ukwahlulwa kwee-side boosters, ukuvalwa kwesigaba esiphambili, ukukhutshwa kwe-fairing eyayikhusela iisathelayithi, kunye nokutsha kwesigaba esiphezulu esineenjini zeVinci. Esi sigaba siphinda siqalwe kwakhona savumela i-Ariane 6 ukuba ilungise ngokuchanekileyo umjikelezo wethagethi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokubhabha.
Phantse imizuzu emine emva kokunduluka Ukwahlulwa kwe-fairing kunye ne-injini ephambili kwagqitywa, enye yezona zihlandlo zibuthathaka. Kamva, emva kokutsha okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-injini yeVinci kunye neeyure ezintlanu zesigaba esibalulekileyo, i- ukwahlula ngokulandelelana kwe-SAT 33 kunye ne-SAT 34 kwi-orbit ephakathi malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-23.000, apho kusebenza khona iisathelayithi zaseGalileo.
Ngokwedatha ekhutshwe yi-Arianespace, iisathelayithi zibekwe kwindawo ephakame kangangeenxa zonke. Iikhilomitha ezingama-22.900-23.200ngaphakathi koluhlu olulindelekileyo lweqela leenkwenkwezi. Ukususela ngelo xesha, kwaqala uvavanyo lokuqala lokusebenza kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwesimo salo, inkqubo eqhubeka iiyure ezininzi emva kokwahlukana.
Nje ukuba umsebenzi wayo ophambili ugqityiwe, inqanaba eliphezulu le-Ariane 6 lajoliswa kwi ukujikeleza "kwengcwaba" okuzinzileyo nokukude kwiindawo apho kukho iisathelayithi ezisebenzayo. Le nkqubo yinxalenye yomgaqo-nkqubo we-ESA wokunciphisa ubumdaka besithuba, ojolise ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokungqubana kunye nokunciphisa ukuveliswa kobumdaka kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo.
Olu qhambuko luzisa ntoni kwiinkwenkwezi zeenkwenkwezi zikaGalileo?
Ngokongeza i-SAT 33 kunye ne-SAT 34, Iinkwenkwezi zeenkwenkwezi zikaGalileo ifikelela kwinani le iisathelayithi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu ezijikeleza umhlabauninzi lwazo luyasebenza, kwaye ezinye zisondela esiphelweni sobomi bazo obuluncedo. Ezi zixhobo zimbini zintsha zisebenza njenge iindawo ezingasetyenziswayo kunye nokuqinisaukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo iyakwazi ukugcina umgangatho wayo wenkonzo nokuba iisathelayithi ezindala azisekho.
UGalileo sele eboleka imali iinkonzo zokubeka kunye nokuvumelanisa ixesha a izigidigidi zezixhobo kwihlabathi liphelaUkususela kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kunye neenkqubo zokuhamba ngezithuthi ukuya kwiinkqubo ezidityaniswe kwiinqwelomoya, iinqanawa, kunye nezixhobo zoshishino, ukuphuculwa kwenani leesathelayithi ezikhoyo kuthetha ukuba ukuchaneka okukhulu, ukugubungela okungcono, kunye nokuqina okukhulu xa kukho ukusilela okunokwenzeka.
Abaphathi beenkqubo bagxininisa ukuba ezi zongezo zibalulekile ekugcineni ukufumaneka okuqhubekayo yenkonzo, kokubini kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo zasezidolophini nakwiindawo ezikude okanye kwiindawo ezineemeko ezimbi. Okukhona i-constellation ineesathelayithi ezininzi ezisebenzayo, kokukhona kuya kuba lula ukubonelela ngemiqondiso ethembekileyo, nokuba ezinye iisathelayithi zifuna ukulungiswa okanye ziphelelwe lixesha.
I-Arhente yeSithuba yaseYurophu kunye ne-Arhente yeNkqubo yeSithuba yaseYurophu (i-EUSPA) ziya kuba noxanduva lokuvavanya ngokupheleleyo ezi sathelayithi zintsha. ukulinganiswa okungathatha ukuya kwiinyanga ezineNgeli xesha, iinkqubo zokuhamba, ii-antenna, iiwotshi zeathomu, kunye nokukwazi ukuhambisa imiqondiso enozinzo olufunekayo kwinkonzo echanekileyo ziyajongwa.
Emva kokuba igqibe ngempumelelo isigaba sovavanyo, i-SAT 33 kunye ne-SAT 34 ziya kufakwa kwinethiwekhi ukugcina umgangatho wenkqubo ngexesha apho ezinye zeesathelayithi zokuqala zaseGalileo zisondela esiphelweni sobomi bazo bokusebenza. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzisi wokugqibela akakuboni ukuphazamiseka okanye ukuwohloka kwenkonzo, nangona kukho utshintsho kwizizukulwana kwi-constellation.
UGalileo, inkqubo yokukhangela echanekileyo neyobuchule eYurophu
Ukususela oko yaqalisa inkonzo yayo evulelekileyo ngo-2016, uGalileo uye wazimisela njengo enye yezona nkqubo zesathelayithi ezichanekileyo emhlabeniNgenxa yokusetyenziswa kweefrikhwensi ezimbini kunye noyilo olucwangcisiweyo lwe-orbital, umda wempazamo kumsebenzisi ngokubanzi umalunga nemitha enye, kwaye unokuncitshiswa ube ngama-centimitha alishumi kwiinkonzo eziphambili.
La IKhomishini yaseYurophu ixhasa ngokupheleleyo Le nkqubo ithathwa njengenye yeeprojekthi ezinkulu zeziseko zophuhliso ze-European Union. I-ESA ikhokela uyilo, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji, iziqinisekiso zesathelayithi, kunye nezivumelwano zokuqalisa, ngelixa i-EUSPA ilawula ukuxhaphazwa kokusebenza kunye neenkonzo zabasebenzisi boluntu, bezorhwebo, kwaye, kwixesha elizayo, bezokhuseleko kunye nokhuselo.
KwiBrussels, ukuba noGalileo kuthetha ukuba indawo ezimeleyo yoluntu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo ezifana ne-American GPS, i-Russian GLONASS, okanye i-Chinese BeiDou. Kwimeko yehlabathi ephawulwa ziingxaki zezopolitiko kunye nokhuphiswano lwetekhnoloji, ukuba nenkqubo yakho kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwangaphandle kwaye kuqinisa ubukhosi baseYurophu.
Ukongeza kwindlela yokuhambahamba yemihla ngemihla kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kunye nezithuthi, iGalileo idityaniswe kwi iinkqubo zokuncedisa ukuqhubaIinqanawa zothutho, ezolimo ezichanekileyo, iziseko ezibalulekileyo, iigridi zamandla, unxibelelwano, kunye neenkonzo zebhanki ezifuna ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo kakhulu lwexesha. Ikwayinxalenye yenethiwekhi yokukhangela nokuhlangula yamazwe ngamazwe, inceda ekufumaneni ngokukhawuleza iibhakana zongxamiseko emhlabeni, elwandle, nasemoyeni.
Abaphathi beenkqubo bagxininisa ukuba i-constellation sele ikwazile sindisa amawaka obomi Ngenxa yokuphuculwa kokubhaqwa kunye nendawo apho kukho iifowuni zoxinzelelo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweenkonzo zongxamiseko kunye nokhuseleko loluntu kwiintlekele zemvelo, iingozi zaselwandle okanye iimeko zomngcipheko kwiindawo ezikude.
I-Ariane 6, isiqalisi esitsha saseYurophu esithwala izinto ezisindayo
U-Ariane 6 uye waba ngu intsika yokufikelela kwaseYurophu kwindawo Emva kokuphela komsebenzi we-Ariane 5 kunye nokupheliswa kokuqaliswa kweerokethi ze-Soyuz zaseRashiya ezivela kumhlaba waseYurophu, esi siqalisi se-heavy-lift, esiyilwe yi-ArianeGroup kwaye siqhutywa yi-Arianespace, sinika uyilo olunemodyuli olukwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwi-low Earth orbit ukuya kwi-medium Earth orbit kunye neendlela eziya kwindawo enzulu.
Irokethi iyadlula Iimitha ezili-60 ukuphakama Iqulathe iqonga eliphambili elisebenzisa ulwelo, elisebenza ngenjini yeVulcain 2.1, kunye neqonga eliphezulu elixhotyiswe ngenjini yesithuba yeVinci, ekwaziyo ukutshisa amaxesha amaninzi ngexesha lomsebenzi omnye. Oku kuvumela ukuba imithwalo eyahlukeneyo ibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokufuna ukuqaliswa okuninzi.
Inxalenye engasentla yerokethi, ekhuselwe yifairing emile okwekhowuni, igcina Umthwalo oluncedoKule meko, kukho iisathelayithi ezimbini zaseGalileo. I-Ariane 6 iza ngeendlela ezimbini: i-Ariane 62, enee-boosters ezimbini ecaleni kunye nomthamo wokuphakamisa ojikeleze Iitoni ezili-10 ukuya kumjikelezo ophantsi woMhlabakunye ne-Ariane 64, enezixhasi ezine kwaye ikwazi ukuthwala ukuya kuthi ga kwi Iitoni ezingama-12 zempahla, ejoliswe kwimisebenzi enzima kakhulu.
Ngokubhabha okwabeka i-SAT 33 kunye ne-SAT 34 kwi-orbit, U-Ariane 6 wongeza enye impumelelo kwisigaba sayo sokuqala sokusebenza kwezorhwebo. Abaphathi be-ESA kunye ne-Arianespace bagxininise ukuba esi siqalisi "sibaluleke kakhulu" kwinkululeko yaseYurophu, njengoko sivumela ukuqaliswa kokudubula ukusuka kumhlaba waseYurophu (iKouru, ummandla waseFransi ophesheya) ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwiirokethi ezivela kumazwe angaphandle.
Emva kokusebenzisa iisathelayithi zaseGalileo, iqonga eliphezulu le-Ariane 6 lakhokelwa, njengakweminye imisebenzi, ukuya kwindlela ekhuselekileyo kude nezithuthi eziphambili, lizalisekisa izibophelelo zamazwe ngamazwe ze ulawulo olunoxanduva lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvelisa inkunkuma emitsha kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi ngeesathelayithi.
Impembelelo kubomi bemihla ngemihla nakumacandelo aphambili eSpain naseYurophu
Ngaphaya kwamanani obuchwephesha, impembelelo kaGalileo iyabonakala ubomi bemihla ngemihla bezigidi zabantu baseYurophuImiqondiso yeqela leenkwenkwezi isetyenziswa kwizicelo zokuhamba ezidolophini, kwiindlela zothutho lukawonke-wonke, kwizithuthi zabucala, nakwiiplatifomu zokuhambisa ezixhomekeke kwindawo ethembekileyo ukuze ziphucule iindlela zazo.
Kwicandelo lothutho lobuchwephesha, le nkqubo ibalulekile ithrafikhi yomoya nolwandleOku kwenza kube lula iindlela ezisebenzayo ngakumbi, kwandisa ukhuseleko, kwaye kuphucula ulawulo lwezithuthi kumazibuko nakwiizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya. Kukwadityaniswa neenkqubo zolawulo lweenqwelo-moya, okuvumela ukulandelelwa kweelori neebhasi ngexesha langempela kulo lonke inethiwekhi yaseYurophu.
Ulimo oluchanekileyo eSpain nakwamanye amazwe e-EU luxhomekeke ngakumbi kwidatha kaGalileo ukuze ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, izichumisi kunye noomatshiniOku kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko, ukuphucula imveliso, kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeefama. Icandelo lezothutho, ngokwalo, lisebenzisa indawo echanekileyo yokufikelela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ukuze lilungise amaxesha okuhambisa kunye neendlela eziphakathi kwendlela, oololiwe, kunye nolwandle.
Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, ukususela kwimililo yamahlathi ukuya kwizikhukula, iinyikima, okanye iingozi ezinkulu, ubuchule bukaGalileo bokufumana izixhobo kunye nabantu ngokukhawuleza bubalulekile. Iinkonzo zokukhangela kunye nokuhlangula ziyazuza kuzo. ukuchaneka okukhulu ekufumaneni iibhekoniOku kunciphisa amaxesha okuphendula kwaye kuphucula amathuba okuphumelela kwimisebenzi.
Lonke olu nxibelelwano lokusetyenziswa luqinisa ingcamango yokuba inkqubo kaGalileo, kunokuba ibe yinkqubo yesayensi okanye yomkhosi kuphela, sele iyinxalenye iziseko zophuhliso ezibalulekileyo zoluntu KwaseYurophu, kwinqanaba elifanayo neenethiwekhi ezinkulu zamandla, ezothutho okanye zonxibelelwano ezixhasa ukusebenza kwemihla ngemihla koqoqosho noluntu.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kweYurophu kunye nendima yoshishino lwaseSpain
Uphuhliso kunye nokusebenza kweGalileo kuye kwabandakanya inethiwekhi enkulu yemizi-mveliso kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ukusuka kubakhi abakhulu ukuya kumashishini aphakathi kunye neenkampani ezincinci ezigxile kwisoftware, kwi-elektroniki, nakwiinkonzo. Ngaphakathi kwesi siseko sendalo, Ukuthatha inxaxheba kweSpanish ifumene ukubaluleka okukhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo.
Phakathi kweenkampani ezibalaseleyo kukho GMVnto leyo ekhokela uphuhliso lwecandelo lolawulo elinoxanduva lokugcina i-constellation isebenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku. Amaziko ayo okusebenza athatha inxaxheba ekujongeni i-satellite, ulawulo lwesignali, kunye nokulungelelanisa ukuhamba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inethiwekhi isebenza ngokuzinzileyo nangokukhuselekileyo.
Ezinye iinkampani zaseSpain kunye namaziko etekhnoloji anegalelo kwiindawo ezifana ukwenziwa kwezinto ezikwibhodi, uphuhliso lwesoftware yokuhambahamba, ukulinganisa i-orbit, iinkqubo zokhuseleko ngokuchasene nokuphazamiseka kunye nezisongelo ze-cyber, okanye usetyenziso olusebenzisa imiqondiso yeGalileo kumacandelo afana neemoto, ezolimo, kunye nolawulo olungxamisekileyo.
Iintloko zezi nkampani zigxininise ukuba ukuqaliswa kwe-Ariane 6 entsha ngeesathelayithi zikaGalileo kumele inyathelo eliya phambili lokuzimela kwezobuchwepheshe baseYurophuingakumbi kwimeko yehlabathi apho amandla esithuba ethathwa njengento ebalulekileyo kumandla ezoqoqosho, ezesayensi kunye nezopolitiko.
Umsebenzi wangoku uphakathi kwe ukuqaliswa kwamva nje kweesathelayithi zesizukulwana sokuqala sikaGalileoUkususela kwiminyaka ezayo, kucetywa ukusasazwa kwesizukulwana sesibini esiza kuphucula ukuqina, ukumelana nokuphazamiseka, ukuchaneka kweewotshi zeathomu, kunye neempawu ezintsha kurhulumente nakubasebenzisi bezorhwebo.
Ngokuqaliswa kwe-SAT 33 kunye ne-SAT 34 kusetyenziswa i-Ariane 6, iYurophu iqinisa imodeli apho isiqalisi esinokuphakamisa izinto ezinzimaIqela lehlabathi lonke lokuhamba ngenqanawa ngokuchanekileyo kunye noshishino lwasemoyeni olusasazeke kulo lonke ilizwekazi lidibanisa ukuqinisekisa iinkonzo zeendawo ezithembekileyo nezikhuphisanayo eziqhubeka zikho kubomi bemihla ngemihla babemi kunye neenkampani, ukusuka eSpain ukuya kwihlabathi liphela.