I-China ifikelele kwi isiganeko esitsha sesayensi e-Antarctica ngokugrumba umkhenkce ongaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-3.400 kusetyenziswa inkqubo yamanzi ashushu eyenzelwe ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Lo msebenzi wenziwe njengenxalenye yohambo lwawo lwama-42 kwilizwekazi elinomkhenkce kwaye uthathwa njengowokuqala ukugrumba nzulu kolu hlobo lwelizwe laseAsia.
Impumelelo yale ndlela ayibonisi nje kuphela irekhodi lobugcisa, kodwa ivula indlela ecacileyo yokufikelela amachibi angaphantsi kweqhwa eziye zahlala zodwa kangangezigidi zeminyaka. Ezi ndawo zibalulekile ekuqondeni ukuguquka kwemozulu yoMhlaba, iinkqubo zendalo ezigqithisileyo, kunye nokubakho okunokwenzeka kweentlobo zobomi ezilungelelaniswe neemeko ezahlukileyo kakhulu kwezo ziphezu komhlaba.
Isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwi-polar: ubunzulu obungaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-3.400 kumkhenkce wase-Antarctic
Ngokutsho kweSebe leMithombo yeNdalo laseTshayina, iqela elivela kuhambo lwe-42 lwe-Antarctic ligqibile ukugrumba. ngomhla wesi-5 kuFebruwari, ifikelela kubunzulu obuziimitha ezingama-3.413 kwi-ice sheet. Olu vavanyo lwenziwe kwindawo yeLake Qilin engaphantsi kweqhwa, eMpuma Antarctica, ngaphakathi kommandla owaziwa ngokuba yiPrincess Elizabeth Land.
Ukugrumba kwenziwe kwindawo ekufutshane Iikhilomitha ezili-120 ukusuka kwiSitishi saseTaishan eTshayina nakufutshane nesikhululo saseKunlun, indawo ecwangcisiweyo yophando ngaphakathi kweli lizwekazi. Apho, ubukhulu bomkhenkce budlula ngokulula iikhilomitha ezintathu, nto leyo ebangela umngeni omkhulu wobuchwephesha kunye nowokulungiselela.
Abasemagunyeni baseTshayina bagxininisa ukuba le yiyo ukubhola amanzi ashushu okuqala okwenziwa lilizwe e-Antarctica. Le projekthi yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuseka umjelo ozinzileyo emkhenkceni, owenzelwe ukuququzelela amaphulo enzululwazi akhoyo kwixesha elizayo kunye nokuqokelelwa kweesampuli phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwa kakhulu.
Olu phuhliso lubeka iTshayina kwindawo ephambili ngaphakathi ugqatso lwamazwe ngamazwe lophando lwe-polar, ngokubonisa ukuba sele inabo ubuchwepheshe obufunekayo bokusebenza ngaphezulu kwe-90% ye-Antarctic ice sheet nakwi-Arctic ice sheet yonke, ngokutsho koqikelelo olukhutshwe ziindaba ezisemthethweni.
Ubunzulu obufikelelweyo budlula irekhodi lamazwe ngamazwe langaphambili lokugrumba amanzi ashushuIkwiimitha ezimalunga nama-2.540 kwaye yafezekiswa phakathi kowama-2004 nowama-2011 yiprojekthi ye-IceCube eSouth Pole, olu tsiba lwekhilomitha engaphezulu yokugrumba luqinisa ukubaluleka kolu vavanyo kuluntu lwezenzululwazi lwehlabathi.
I-Qilin Lake engaphantsi kweqhwa, ilebhu entsha yendalo phantsi komkhenkce
Imeko yokubhoboza yile Ichibi elingaphantsi komhlaba laseQilinIchibi iNasser, elinye lawona manzi makhulu angaphantsi komhlaba afunyenwe phantsi komkhenkce waseAntarctica, lathiywa igama yiTshayina ngo-2022 kwaye lingcwatywe phantsi kweekhilomitha zomkhenkce eMpuma Antarctica, kude neendawo ezikunxweme.
Injongo ephambili yalo mgaqo yayikukuba vula indlela engenangcoliseko ukuya echibini, ethathwa njengendawo ebuthathaka kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba ezi nkqubo zendalo ziye zahlala zodwa ixesha elide kakhulu, naluphi na ungenelelo lwezinto zangaphandle lunokutshintsha ulungelelwaniso lwazo ngokungenakuguqulwa.
Ukugrumba kubonise ukuba inkqubo yamanzi ashushu yaseTshayina inako yenza itshaneli ezinzileyo, enobubanzi obukhulu edibanisa umphezulu nommandla ongaphantsi kweqhwa. Le ndlela yokuhambisa amanzi iza kusetyenziselwa ukwenza uphononongo oluthe ngqo, ukwazisa izixhobo zesayensi, kunye nokubuyisa iisampulu zamanzi kunye nentlenga echibini.
Kubaphandi, iQilin imele ilebhu yendalo enelungelo ukufunda indlela ezikhula ngayo izinto eziphilayo ezivalelwe phantsi komkhenkce kunye nendlela ezigcinwa kwaye ziguqulwa ngayo imiqondiso yemozulu kwezi ndawo zigciniweyo. Ukuhlalutya amanzi abo kunokubonelela ngezikhokelo malunga neziqendu zangaphambili zotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nendlela umkhenkce waseAntarctic osabela ngayo kwiimeko ezifudumeleyo.
Ngaphezu koko, ichibi liba ngumviwa ophambili kwiiprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe ezijolise thelekisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubhola ezicocekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuthatha iisampulu ezingenangcoliseko, into enomdla kakhulu kumaqela aseYurophu, kuquka amaqela ophando avela eSpain, anamava kwi-glaciology, i-extreme microbiology kunye ne-paleoclimate.
Indlela esebenza ngayo ukubhola amanzi ashushu
Itekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo isekelwe kwi Ukubhola amanzi ashushu anoxinzelelo oluphezuluLe ndlela iye yaba yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuhlola ubunzulu beengxobo zomkhenkce ezisezantsi. Endaweni yokugrumba umkhenkce ngee-mechanical drill bits, amanzi ashushu, anoxinzelelo oluphezulu ampontshwa ngepayipi, anyibilikise umkhenkce aze avule umngxuma othe nkqo.
Le nkqubo inika iingenelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ngaphezu kokugrumba oomatshini bendabuko. Okokuqala, Ikuvumela ukuba uhambe ngokukhawuleza.Oku kubalulekile xa uzama ukungena emkhenkceni kangangeekhilomitha ezininzi ubukhulu ngaphambi kokuba umjelo uqale ukubanda kwakhona. Ngaphezu koko, ukungabikho kwezinto zokuthambisa kunye nolwelo lweekhemikhali kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.
Ukubhola ngamanzi ashushu nako kwenza kube nokwenzeka imisebenzi yokucoca enobubanzi obukhuluOku kwenza kube lula ukusasazwa kwezixhobo ezinkulu, iikhamera, kunye neenkqubo zokuthatha iisampulu. Olu hlobo lokufikelela lubalulekile xa kujongwa kungekuphela nje amanzi echibi kodwa nakwisiseko seshelufu yomkhenkce kunye nesiseko selitye elingaphantsi komkhenkce, apho iinkqubo ezininzi ezichaphazela ukuzinza kweshelufu yomkhenkce yase-Antarctica zenzeka khona.
Ngokwembono yobugcisa, iqela laseTshayina kwafuneka liphathe ngokuchanekileyo ukuhamba kobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nozinzo lwendlela yokuhambisa amanzi njengoko ubunzulu bukhula. Okukhona usiya phambili, kokukhona kuba nzima ukulawula indlela umngxuma ohamba ngayo nokugcina ubushushu obufunekayo ukuthintela amanzi ukuba angaqini kwipayipi okanye ekupheleni kokuphuma kwamanzi.
Olu hambo ludibanise izixhobo ezininzi ezilungiselelwe iimeko ezishushu kakhuluOku kuquka iinkqubo zokumpompa eziqinisiweyo, iiyunithi zokufudumeza ezisebenza kakuhle, ii-winch ezikwaziyo ukuphatha iipayipi ezinde, kunye neesensa zokujonga inkqubela yomthombo ngexesha langempela. Konke oku kwenziwa ngamaqondo obushushu angaphandle angaphantsi kakhulu kwengqele kunye nobunzima bokuhambisa izinto ngenxa yokuba le ndawo yahlukile.
Impembelelo yesayensi: imozulu, iinkqubo zendalo ezigqithisileyo kunye nobomi phantsi komkhenkce
Ukufikelela echibini elingaphantsi kweqhwa elifana neQilin kunika ithuba elikhethekileyo loku buyisela iirekhodi ezindala zendaloAmanzi kunye nenkunkuma ebanjwe phantsi komkhenkce inokugcina ulwazi malunga neemeko zemozulu zangaphambili, indlela ezitshintsha ngayo iinxalenye zomkhenkce ezikwi-polar, kunye notshintsho kwindlela ezijikeleza ngayo ulwandle kwiminyaka ezizigidi.
Kuluntu lwezenzululwazi lwaseYurophu, kuquka amaqela amaninzi e- uphando oluvela eSpain nakwamanye amazwe e-EUEzi datha zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqonda indlela umkhenkce we-Antarctic oye wahluka ngayo kwixesha elidlulileyo, kuquka ubuninzi bomkhenkce wokugqibelaInceda ekuphuculeni uqikelelo lokunyuka komgangatho wolwandle oluchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amanxweme aseYurophu kunye neziseko zawo.
Enye indawo ebalulekileyo yesayensi kukuba kungenzeka ukuba ukufumana iintlobo zobomi ezilungelelaniswe neemeko ezinzimaAmachibi angaphantsi kweqhwa anika indawo enobumnyama obungapheliyo, ukufumaneka okuncinci kwezondlo, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba abe yindawo efanelekileyo yokufunda iintsholongwane ezisinda kude nelanga.
Uphononongo lwezi nkqubo zendalo lunika izikhokelo malunga nemida yobomi eMhlabeni kwaye lubonelela ngereferensi ukuvavanya ukukwazi ukuhlala kwezinye iindawonjengeenyanga ezibandayo zikaJupiter noSaturn. Ngale ndlela, amava afunyenwe eQilin anokukhuthaza iiprojekthi ezidibeneyo ezibandakanya amaziko aseYurophu abandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yasesibhakabhakeni nakwi-astrobiology.
Iziphumo zokugrumba ziya kuba luncedo ekuphuculeni iimodeli zotshintsho lwemozuluIisampulu zamanzi kunye nentlenge ziya kunceda ekuphuculeni uqikelelo malunga nokuzinza kwe-Antarctic ice sheet kunye negalelo layo kwixesha elizayo ekunyukeni kolwandle, into enomdla ngqo kwizixeko zaseSpeyin nezaseYurophu ezikunxweme oluselunxwemeni esele zicwangcisa amanyathelo okuziqhelanisa.
Imingeni yobugcisa kunye nokuzibophelela ekuhloleni "okuluhlaza"
Ukufikelela kubunzulu bokugrumba obungaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-3.400 e-Antarctica kubandakanya ukucinga imingeni engundoqo yobugcisaOku kuquka ukusebenza rhoqo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, ulawulo lwamanzi amaninzi ashushu, ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo ezinzima, kunye nesidingo sokugcina ulawulo olungqongqo kuyo nayiphi na into enokubangela ungcoliseko.
Abo baphethe olu hambo bagxininise ukuba uyilo lwenkqubo kunye nenkqubo yomsebenzi lukhokelwa yingcamango yokuba "ukuhlola okuluhlaza"Oko kukuthi, indlela ejonge ukunciphisa impembelelo kwi-ecosystem ye-polar. Oku kubandakanya iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokuhluza kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane emanzini asetyenzisiweyo, kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokukhutshelwa kwamanzi kwindawo yokumba.
Esi sixhobo senziwe yiTshayina siquka iindlela ezithile zokulawula ungcolisekoLa manyathelo ayasebenza ukuthintela ukungena kweentsholongwane zangaphandle echibini kunye nokuthintela izinto ezivela echibini ngokwalo ukuba zingasasazeki phezu komhlaba ngokungalawulekiyo. La manyathelo okukhusela ahambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe yokukhusela okusingqongileyo kwe-Antarctic.
Ukongeza kwimiba yokusingqongileyo, le projekthi iye yasebenza njengovavanyo ukumelana nokuthembeka kwezixhobo kubunzulu obukhuluUkulawula iipayipi kunye nee-winch phantsi kwezi meko kufuna izinga eliphezulu lokuchaneka ukuthintela ukuqhekeka, ukuvaleka, okanye ukuphambuka kumbhobho okunokubeka emngciphekweni ukuthembeka kokugrumba.
Amava aqokelelwe kweli phulo agubungela umsantsa wangaphambili kubuchule bophando lwe-polar lwaseTshayina Ikwabonelela ngesiseko sobuchwepheshe esinokuhlengahlengiswa kwaye kwabelwane ngaso kwintsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kwixesha elizayo. Oku kunokuquka iiprojekthi ezikhokelwa okanye ezixhaswa ngemali evela eYurophu, apho kukho umdla okhulayo wokuqinisa intsebenziswano yesayensi kwimimandla ye-polar.
Inyathelo elongezelelweyo lokuba khona kweTshayina kwihlabathi liphela eAntarctica
Ukubhola amanzi ashushu yinxalenye Uhambo lwama-42 lwaseTshayina oluya eAntarcticEli phulo, eliqaliswe ngoNovemba ka-2025, licwangciselwe ukuba liza kusebenza iinyanga ezininzi kweli lizwekazi, lijolise ekwandiseni amandla okujonga iindawo ezijikeleze umhlaba zaseAsia kunye nokuqhubela phambili izifundo malunga notshintsho lwemozulu, i-ice dynamics, kunye ne-Antarctic ecosystems.
Impumelelo yalo msebenzi iqinisa isikhundla seTshayina kwi uphando lwesayensi oluphezuluEli licandelo apho amazwe aseYurophu, afana neSpain, nawo abandakanyeka khona, ngeziseko zawo kunye neeprojekthi kulo mmandla. Uphuhliso lweendlela ezintsha zokubhola ezicocekileyo zandisa amathuba entsebenziswano kumaphulo adibeneyo kunye nokutshintshiselana ngedatha.
Ngokwembono yaseYurophu, ukuqinisa ubukho besayensi e-Antarctica kunika amathuba kunye nemingeni. Kwelinye icala, kuvelisa ukufumaneka ngakumbi kolwazi malunga neenkqubo eziphambili zenkqubo yemozulu yehlabathiEzi zinto zidibene ngokuthe ngqo nemigaqo-nkqubo yohlengahlengiso kunye nokunciphisa i-EU. Ngaphezu koko, igxininisa ukubaluleka kokulungelelanisa imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuba uphando lwenziwa phantsi kwemigangatho yokusingqongileyo engqongqo necacileyo.
Iprojekthi kaQilin ijoyina ezinye iinkqubo zamazwe ngamazwe ezilandela ukuqonda ngcono indlela i-Antarctic ice sheet eziphatha ngayoOku kubalulekile kwiimeko zokunyuka kolwandle ezinokuchaphazela kakhulu iindawo ezixineneyo zonxweme lweMeditera kunye ne-European Atlantic. Kule meko, amava eTshayina ngokugrumba ngamanzi ashushu aza kuqwalaselwa kuyilo lwexesha elizayo lwemisebenzi yenzululwazi yamazwe ngamazwe.
Xa zizonke, ukugrumba okutsha okunzulu e-Antarctica kusetyenziswa amanzi ashushu kuqinisa isikhundla seTshayina njengomdlali ophambili kuphando lwe-polar, ngelixa kukwaphakamisa imibuzo malunga nekamva lophando kunye nophuhliso lwe-polar. izixhobo nolwazi olunokusetyenziswa luluntu lwezenzululwazi lwamazwe ngamazweEYurophu naseSpain, le nkqubela phambili imele umthombo owongezelelweyo wedatha kunye netekhnoloji yokuqonda ngcono ukuguquka komkhenkce wase-Antarctic, imozulu yeplanethi kunye nefuthe elinokubakho olu tshintsho kunxweme lwethu nakwiindawo ezihlala kuzo izinto eziphilayo.
