Utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kwinqanaba lehlabathi yinto echaphazela ilizwe ngalinye kwihlabathi ngandlela thile. Kwi-Latin America, ngaphandle kotshintsho olukhulu kwezentlalo nakwezobuchwephesha oluqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo, iiLatinos ezingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala zinomahluko obalulekileyo ngokufanayo nabanye: khange baphile nenyanga enye yobomi babo benobushushu obungaphantsi komndilili wamaqondo obushushu kubhalwe kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ehlabathi kuya kusiba ngakumbi nangakumbi kwaye abantu abaninzi bayaziqhelanisa nabanye hayi njalo. Oku kuchaphazela njani abemi baseLatin America?
Ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu ehlabathi
ILatinos engaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 ihlala kwiplanethi ehlala ifudumala ukusukela oko yazalwa. Amaqondo obushushu enyanga arekhodiweyo ukusukela ngo-1985 anyuke ngaphezulu komndilili wenyanga wenkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kuya kubonakala ngakumbi kwaye kusondele ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu kunye nokukhutshwa okukhulu kweegesi ze-greenhouse ezikhutshwa emoyeni yonke imihla.
Njengoko iinyanga neminyaka ihamba, umsantsa phakathi komlinganiselo wobushushu benyanga obhalwe kwinkulungwane yama-2016 nomndilili wangoku usaqhubeka usanda, ukophula iirekhodi phantse inyanga nenyanga. Enyanisweni, i-1880 yayiyeyona minyaka ishushu kakhulu kwirekhodi ukususela ekubeni imilinganiselo yokushisa yaqala kwi-XNUMX, igxininisa imfuno engxamisekileyo yokujongana nenyaniso yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Kwiinzame zokuphelisa lo mkhwa wokunyuka rhoqo kwamaqondo obushushu, abemi baseLatin America baye batyikitya iSivumelwano saseParis, esizama ukunciphisa amaqondo obushushu ehlabathini ukuba abe kumlinganiselo wokunyuka ongekho ngaphezu kwe-1,5 ngokukaCelsius. Oku kubalulekile kwiLatin America ukuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
ILatin America iya kufumana ubushushu obuthe kratya kwihlabathi
ISivumelwano saseParis sijonge ukugcina umndilili wobushushu usezantsi; nangona kunjalo, nangona sizama ukuzigcina njengoko zikhoyo ngoku okanye ukunciphisa kancinci, kuya kufuneka zilungelelanise nemozulu entsha, imiphumo esele ifunyenwe kuwo wonke ummandla, kunye nokunyuka kwe-0,87 ukusuka kumyinge wehlabathi obonwe ngoMeyi walo nyaka. Le meko ibangele ukuba abaninzi bazibuze ukuba ingaba izityalo zichanabeka njani na kwiqabaka ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ngokutsho kwe-Ofisi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoLungelelaniso lweMicimbi yoLuntu (i-OCHA), lo mmandla ujongene nesomiso kulo lonke elaseCaribbean, eMbindi Melika, naseBolivia ukususela ngo-2014, okubangelwa yimvula ephantsi kunye ne-El Niño phenomenon. Ukongeza, abanye abantu abazizigidi ezi-3,5 bahlala ekunqongophelweni kokutya ngenxa yelahleko yezityalo, begxininisa imfuneko yohlengahlengiso olusebenzayo kwezolimo, njengaleyo ikhankanywe kwinqaku elilandelayo. ukuziqhelanisa nezityalo kutshintsho lwemozulu.
Njengoko sisazi, utshintsho lwemozulu lunyusa ukuxhaphaka kunye nobunzulu bezehlo zemozulu ezigqithisileyo, ezifana nembalela nezikhukula. Kule meko, eHaiti, isiqingatha semvula yonyaka ngo-Aprili 2016 yehla kwiiveki nje ezintathu. Oku kwabangela izikhukula yaye kwachaphazela iintsapho ezingaphezu kwama-9.000 411.000. Ukongezelela, ezi zikhukula zabangela ukudilika komhlaba okwachaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwama-XNUMX XNUMX eArgentina, e-Ecuador, eBolivia, eBrazil, eParaguay, ePeru naseUruguay.
Njengoko sibona, iLatinos ayijonganga kuphela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kodwa namava kwaye ibandezeleke kwizenzo zenkohlakalo ezibangelwa ziziganeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo. Ilahleko yepropathi, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezityalo, ukonakaliswa kwezoqoqosho kunye nokulahleka kobomi okubangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu kugxininisa ukungxamiseka kotyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo zohlaza ukuze ulungelelane nokutshintsha kwemozulu, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ukutyala imali kwiziseko ezingundoqo zohlaza. Eyona nto imbi kakhulu kukuba kusekho abantu ehlabathini, abafana noMongameli waseMelika uDonald Trump, abangakholelwayo ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lukhona kwaye yimveliso yaseTshayina ukufumana ukhuphiswano.
Kwiingcali zeBhanki yehlabathi, kuyacaca ukuba i-Latin America iya kuba yenye yemimandla echaphazelekayo yokutshintsha kwemozulu, ngakumbi ukuba ihlabathi lihluleka ukugcina ukufudumala kwehlabathi ngaphantsi komyinge we-2 degrees. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba abanye abantu abazizigidi ezili-14 bahlala kwiindawo ezikufutshane ne-5 yeemitha ngaphezu komgangatho wolwandle kwaye, ngenxa yokunyuka komgangatho wolwandle, banokuchaphazeleka zizikhukula kunye nokulahlekelwa komhlaba kunye namakhaya kwixesha elizayo elingekude, elinokukhokelela kwizigidi ezifumana imiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu, njengoko kunokubonwa Izikhukula eziza kubeka izigidi zabantu esichengeni kwiminyaka engama-25.