El Intaba-mlilo yasePopocatépetl ikhuphe umoya izihlandlo ezingama-35 ngosuku lokugqibela yobunzima obuphantsi, kwimeko yemisebenzi eqhubekayo kodwa elawulwayo ejongwa rhoqo ngabasemagunyeni baseMexico. Le ndlela yokuziphatha iqinisekisa ukuba I-colossus ihlala isebenza kakhulu, nangona kunjalo akukho tshintsho kwinqanaba lesilumkiso, eqhubeka kwinqanaba eliphakathi.
Iingcali zigxininisa ukuba, nangona imeko ijongwa rhoqo, Abemi akufuneki bayeke ukulinda. Kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlale ubukele ulwazi olusemthethweni, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezikufutshane nakwiindawo ezisengozini yokuwa kothuthu okanye ukuqukuqela kodaka xa kukho imvula enkulu.
Umsebenzi wakutshanje: Ukukhupha umoya izihlandlo ezingama-35 kunye nokungcangcazela okungaphezulu kweeyure ezintathu
Ngokwengxelo yobugcisa yemihla ngemihla evela kwiZiko leSizwe loThintelo lweeNtlekele (iCenapred), elungiselelwe ngokubambisana neYunivesithi yeSizwe eZimeleyo yaseMexico (i-UNAM), Umoya ophumayo ongama-35 urekhodwe kwixesha leeyure ezingama-24Ezi zinto zikhutshwayo zahlulwe njengezinga eliphantsi kwaye zazinxulunyaniswa nokukhutshwa okuqhubekayo kwe iigesi zentaba-mlilo kunye nomphunga wamanzi, kunye nokuba khona kothuthu olucolekileyo kwezinye iipulses.
Lo msebenzi awuzange uphelele ekuphefumleni. Kufunyenwe iinkqubo zokubeka esweni Imizuzu engama-234 yokunyikima kwentaba-mlilo, uhlobo lokungcangcazela okuphantse kuqhubekeke okunxulumene nokuhamba kolwelo lwe-magmatic kunye neegesi ngaphakathi komjelo. Kwelo nani lipheleleyo, Imizuzu eli-139 ihambelana nokungcangcazela okukhulu y Imizuzu engama-95 ukuya kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-harmonic tremor, zombini zine-amplitude ephantsi ukuya kwephakathi.
Ngexesha lenxalenye yesi siganeko sokungcangcazela, kwarekhodwa ukugxothwa kweziqwenga ze-ballisticOko kukuthi, iibhloko ze-incandescent kunye namasuntswana akhutshwe kumgama omfutshane ukusuka kwi-crater. Nangona ezi zinto zingazange zifikelele kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, zibeka ingozi enkulu ukuba nabani na ungaphakathi kwendawo yokhuseleko emiselweyo.
Abasemagunyeni bathi, ngexesha lokwenziwa kwengxelo, Iimeko zokubonakala kwentaba-mlilo bezilungileOku kwavumela ukuqinisekiswa okubonakalayo kwekholamu yomphunga kunye neegesi. Ngeeyure ezidlulileyo, phantse rhoqo ukukhutshwa komphunga wamanzi kunye nezinye iigesi zentaba-mlilozisasazeka ikakhulu ngasentshona kuxhomekeke kumoya xa uphezulu.
Kule meko, kugxininiswa ukuba Akukho tshintsho lukhawulezileyo kwindlela yokusebenza olubonweyoNgoko ke, imeko isahambelana nemigangatho elindelekileyo yesigaba sokulumkisa sangoku, nangona ukubekwa kweliso ngokwesayensi kusaqhubeka kusondelelene kakhulu.
Inqanaba lesilumkiso sentaba-mlilo: Isigaba sesi-2 esiMthubi kunye neemeko ezilindelekileyo
Inkqubo yeSilumkiso seNtaba-mlilo, elawulwa yiCenapred kunye ne-UNAM, ihlala kwiSigaba sesi-2 esiMthubiOlu didi lubonisa intaba-mlilo esebenzayo eneempawu ezicacileyo zokukhupha igesi, ukukhupha umoya rhoqo kunye nokuqhuma okuncinci ukuya kokuphakathi, kodwa ngaphandle kwezibonakaliso ezikhawulezileyo zesiganeko esikhulu sokuqhuma.
Kule nqanaba, abasemagunyeni bacinga ukuba ezi meko zilandelayo zezona zinokwenzeka kakhulu: ukuqhuma okuncinci ukuya kokuphakathi, ehamba nokungcangcazela kwe-amplitude eguquguqukayo kunye uthuthu olulula ukuya koluphakathi kwiidolophu ezikufutshane, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, koomasipala abakude ukuba imimoya iyavuma.
Kwakhona kuthathwa njengento enokwenzeka ukuba ukukhutshwa kweziqwenga ze-incandescent ngaphakathi kwerediyasi yokukhupha eyi-12-kilometer ejikeleze umngxuma, indawo apho kungavumelekanga ukufikelela khona ngenxa yomngcipheko wokuchatshazelwa zizinto eziqhumayo kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela intaba-mlilo.
Enye yeengozi eziqwalaselwayo yile iilaha okanye udaka kunye nokugeleza kwenkunkumaOku kugeleza kwamanzi kunokwenzeka xa uthuthu oluqokelelene kumathambeka ludibana nemvula enkulu. Luhlala luhamba phakathi kweentlambo kunye nemijelo yamanzi yendalo, ngoko ke amanyathelo okuthintela ayacetyiswa kakhulu. musa ukusondela emazantsi emigxobhozo kwaye ungahlali kwiindawo ezisengozini yezikhukula xa kuqikelelwa ukuba kuza imvula enkulu.
Kwimeko engaqhelekanga kodwa enokwenzeka, isizukulwana esinye ukuhamba kwe-pyroclastic kuluhlu olufutshaneOko kukuthi, amafu axineneyo eegesi ezishushu, uthuthu, kunye neziqwenga ezihla kumathambeka ngesantya esiphezulu. Uqikelelo lwangoku lubonisa ukuba, ukuba ziya kwenzeka, aziyi kufikelela kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, nangona kugxininiswa ukuba naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela yangaphakathi yentaba-mlilo lunokutshintsha le mbono.
Iingcebiso ezisemthethweni kunye neendlela zolwazi
Ngenxa yesi simo, iCenapred kunye neNational Coordination of Civil Protection baphinda umyalezo ocacileyo: Musa ukusondela kwintaba-mlilo okanye uzame ukunyuka uye kwi-craterIngozi ephambili kwabo bangena kwindawo yokuthintela ziingceba ze-ballistic, ezinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu okanye obulalayo nakwii-episodes ezithathwa "njengeziphakathi".
Kwakhona abasemagunyeni bayancomela Musa ukuphazanyiswa ngamarhe okanye imiyalezo eyoyikisayo ezisasazwa kwimidiya yoluntu okanye kwimiyalezo ekhawulezileyo. Eyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokufunda ngokuvela kwePopocatépetl kukubonisana ne- amajelo olwazi asemthethweni, njengewebhusayithi yeCenapred (www.gob.mx/cenapred) kunye neeakhawunti eziqinisekisiweyo zeNational Civil Protection, kuquka i-@CNPC_MX kwinethiwekhi yoluntu i-X (eyayisakuba yi-Twitter).
Ukuze kuxelwe iimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yentaba-mlilo, iCenapred iyaqhubeka nemisebenzi yayo iinombolo zefowuni 800-713-4147 kunye nenkonzo ye-911Ezi ndlela zisetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa impendulo yesikhungo, ukuqokelela iingxelo zabemi, kunye nokudlulisela izaziso koorhulumente basekuhlaleni.
Kwiidolophu ezikufutshane, iingcebiso ziquka Khusela inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla kunye namehlo xa kukho uthuthu. (Nxiba imaski okanye isikhafu, nxiba iiglasi, kwaye uphephe ukuzilolonga ngaphandle okunzima), gcina amanzi nokutya, kwaye ucoce uphahla kunye neegutter ngononophelo ukuze ungazithwali kakhulu. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba ugcine amaxwebhu, iitotshi, kunye nesixhobo esincinci songxamiseko silungile xa kufuneka uphume.
Kwabo bahlala kwezinye iindawo zaseMexico, eSpain, okanye eYurophu, apho iPopocatépetl ilandelwa ngomdla luluntu lwezenzululwazi, kugxininiswa ukuba Ulwazi kufuneka lutolikwe ngoxolo nangokugxeka.rhoqo kuthathelwa ingqalelo iingxelo zobugcisa kunye neenkcazo zemibutho ekhethekileyo.
Imbali yakutshanje yeDon Goyo: intaba-mlilo ehlala isebenza
Umsebenzi weeyure ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo uhambelana nomxholo obanzi: IPopocatépetl ibisoloko ikwimeko yokungavisisani okuphakathi kodwa okuqhubekekayo kangangeminyaka.Ukuqhuma rhoqo kunye nokukhupha igesi kuye kwenza le ntaba-mlilo ibe yenye yezona zijongwa kakhulu eMelika.
Phakathi kweziganeko ezabeka intsingiselo kwixesha elidlulileyo kukho isiqendu se-25 kaDisemba 2005, xa kwabhalwa uqhushumbo olwavelisa ikholamu yothuthu ephantse ibe ziikhilomitha ezi-3 ukuphakama lwaza lwakhupha i-lava, nto leyo eyayikhumbuza amandla entaba-mlilo okuvelisa izinto ezinamandla ngakumbi.
Durante Ngowama-2011 nangowama-2012, kwabakho ukuqhuma okuninzi kunye nokukhutshwa kothuthu.Ezi qhushumbo ngamanye amaxesha zazihamba nokukhutshwa kwamatye. Nangona kungekho monakalo mkhulu wesakhiwo owenzekileyo, ezi ziganeko zaqinisa ingcamango yokuba intaba-mlilo ihlala ikwindawo evulekileyo, inendlela apho iigesi kunye nodaka lwendalo lujikeleza khona rhoqo.
Enye yabhalwa phantsi ngo-2013 ukuqhuma okuneekholamu zothuthu ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhilomitha ezi-3 ukuphakama kunye nokukhutshwa kweziqwenga ze-incandescent ezifikelele malunga neemitha ezingama-700 ukusuka kumphetho we-crater. Ezi ziganeko zomeleze iindlela zokuthintela ezikhoyo kunye noyilo lwe-safety radius eqhubekayo.
Kutshanje, iingxelo zeCenapred zichaza nge Iphethini yokukhutshwa komoya ophantsi ukuya kophakathi ngo-2025ngokuqhuma okungacwangciswanga, ukukhutshwa kothuthu rhoqo, kunye nomphunga omninzi kunye neegesi. Ngo-Aprili nangoMeyi waloo nyaka, umzekelo, oku kulandelayo kwarekhodwa: ukuphefumla kaliqela imihla ngemihla (njengokuphefumla okwenziwa ngama-41 kwiiyure ezingama-24 ngoMeyi 16 nangoMeyi 10 ngoMeyi 18), okuhamba nokungcangcazela kwentaba-mlilo, ngaphandle kokuba oku kuthetha utshintsho kwinqanaba lesilumkiso, elihlale likwiSigaba sesi-2 esiMthubi.
Ukunyuka iintaba kunye nokhenketho: kutheni kungengomhla olungileyo wokunyuka iintaba
Nangona kukho iindawo ezikufutshane nePopocatépetl iipaki zokhenketho lwendalo kunye neendlela zeentaba Bexatyiswa kakhulu ngabahambi ngeenyawo nabanyuka iintaba, amagunya okhuseleko lwezenzululwazi noluntu sele egxininise ukuba imeko yangoku ayihambelani nokunyuka iintaba ngokukhuselekileyo kwincopho yentaba-mlilo.
Ukusukela ngoSeptemba 2022, indlela yokuziphatha ka-"Don Goyo" ibingazinzanga ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba I-Cenapred igcina umgama wokhuseleko weekhilomitha ezili-12 ejikeleze umngxuma. Olu thintelo lujolise ekuthinteleni abadlali, abakhokeli, okanye abakhenkethi ekubeni bachaphazeleke kwimvula eqhekezayo, ukukhutshwa kwegesi ngequbuliso, okanye uthuthu oluninzi.
UHugo Delgado Granados, umphandi kwi-Institute of Geophysics ye-UNAM obefunda ngentaba-mlilo amashumi eminyaka, ucacise ngokucacileyo xa ethetha noluntu olunyuka iintaba: icebisa ukuba ujonge ezinye iindawo zemidlalo eziphakamileyoNgokusekelwe kumava akhe amabini njengengcali yentaba-mlilo kunye nomkhweli weentaba, ugxininisa ukuba inkuthazo yezemidlalo ayilungisi umngcipheko wokwenene okhoyo xa usondela kumngxuma phantsi kweemeko zangoku.
Ngokufanayo, amanani anxulumene nemidlalo yasezintabeni, afana UJosé Manuel Casanova Becerra, umseki we-UNAM Mountaineering and Climbing Association, kwaye ULorenzo Ortiz Armas, utitshala okhethekileyo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zeentabaBalumkisile malunga nokuba kungenzeka ubuqhetseba. Bathi abanye abantu banikela Uhambo kunye nokunyuka ukuya kwintaba-mlilo Nangona kukho izilumkiso ezisemthethweni, oku kubeka abathathi-nxaxheba kunye namaqela anokuba ngabahlanguli emngciphekweni.
Ezi ngcali zithi, nangona abantu abaninzi abakhwela iintaba belangazelela ukunyuka kwePopocatépetl, Akukho sizathu sokubeka ubomi bakho emngciphekweni. ngenxa yokuzimisela kwabo ngenkani ukufikelela kwi-crater. Ngaphezu koko, bagxininisa ukuba amaqela okuhlangula asezintabeni eziphakamileyo awanyanzelekanga ukuba azibeke kwiimeko ezinzima ukunceda abo bangayinaki ngabom imiqathango kunye neengcebiso.
Ibonakala eYurophu okanye eSpeyin, apho ukunyuka intaba kunesithethe esinamandla, ityala likaPopocatépetl litolikwa njenge umzekelo wobudlelwane obubuthathaka phakathi kokhenketho lwendalo kunye nomngcipheko wentaba-mliloIsifundo kwezinye iindawo ezineentaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo sicacile: ngaphambi kokuba ucebe imidlalo, kubalulekile ukuthobela iingxelo zesayensi kunye nemiqathango yokhuseleko.
Ngokubanzi, idatha evela kusuku lokugqibela ibonisa IPopocatépetl ejongwe ngokusondeleyo, ekhupha umoya izihlandlo ezingama-35 kunye nokungcangcazela okungaphezulu kweeyure ezintathu Ezi ziganeko zihambelana nepatheni yemisebenzi eqhubekayo phantsi kwesambulela seSigaba sesiTyheli sesi-2. Nangona kungekho tshintsho lubalulekileyo olulindelekileyo kwixesha elifutshane, intaba-mlilo iyaqhubeka nokusikhumbuza ukuba yinkqubo eguqukayo, ekwaziyo ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza indlela esebenza ngayo. Ke ngoko, ukuhlala kude ne-crater, ukuhlonipha indawo yokuthintela, ukulandela ulwazi olusemthethweni kuphela, kunye nokuqaphela kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na imisebenzi ekufutshane kuhlala kusekho izikhokelo ezibalulekileyo zokuhlala nale nkulu isebenzayo.
