Kwimihla yakutshanje, iintlobo ngeentlobo iinyikima eziphakathi nezinkulu KuLwandlekazi iPasifiki, uLwandlekazi iAtlantiki, kunye neChile Antarctic Territory, iindlela zokubeka esweni zaseChile ziyasebenza, kodwa ngaphandle kokudala umngcipheko wetsunami kwilizwe. Iingxelo ezisemthethweni ziyavumelana ukuba, nangona ezi ntshukumo zinamandla, akukho nanye eyahlangabezana neemfuno zobugcisa ukudala itsunami eya kuchaphazela unxweme lwesizwe.
INkonzo ye-Hydrographic kunye ne-Oceanographic yeNavy (SHOA) kunye neNkonzo yeSizwe yoThintelo kunye nokuPhendula kwiNtlekele (iSenapred) zigxininise ukuba ilizwe line inkqubo yesilumkiso sasekuqaleni kunye nohlalutyo oluqhubekayo yentshukumo yehlabathi yokunyikima, evumela uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lwesiganeko ngasinye, kwaye xa kufanelekile, ukukhutshwa komngcipheko wetsunami eChile.
Iinyikima eTonga: ubukhulu obuphezulu, akukho mngcipheko wetsunami eChile
Esinye seziqendu ezibangele ingqalelo enkulu yayi inyikima enamandla yobukhulu 7,5 Le nyikima irekhodwe kwiziqithi zaseTonga eOceania, malunga neekhilomitha ezili-141 entshona yedolophu yaseNeiafu. Nangona inkulu kakhulu, uhlalutyo olusemthethweni lugqibe kwelokuba Ayizange ibe sisongelo setsunami kummandla waseChile.
Ngokwenkqubo yesilumkiso ye-SHOA, idatha yokuqala malunga nale ntshukumo ibonise ukuba esi siganeko Yayingaphandle kwendawo yakudala yokuveliswa kwetsunami kwiPasifiki.Ngenxa yoko, iimeko azizange zilungele ukuvelisa itsunami eyayiza kufikelela kunxweme lwaseChile.
USenapred ukhuphe iphephandaba elibonisa ukuba, ngokwe-SHOA assessment, "Akukho miqathango ifunekayo yokudala itsunami kunxweme lwaseChile" Ukuphendula inyikima eTonga, umyalezo, ophindaphindwayo kwiindlela zayo ezisemthethweni, ugxininise ukuba akukho zilumkiso okanye imiyalelo yokufuduka ekhutshiweyo kubemi.
Okwangoku, i-United States Geological Survey (USGS) ilinganise lo msebenzi we-seismic kwi ubukhulu 7,6ukuyidibanisa nento ebizwa ngokuba yiNorth Mid-Atlantic Ridge, kwaye yachaza ukuba yenzeka malunga Iikhilomitha ezili-237 ubunzuluNgezo parameters, i-arhente yaseMntla Melika ikwaqaphele ukuba esi siganeko Ayizange ibangele izilumkiso, ukujongwa, okanye izoyikiso yetsunami kummandla wePasifiki.
Kwenye ingxelo enxulumene neTonga, abasemagunyeni baseChile bahlalutye i 6,6 inyikima enobungakanani ikwiikhilomitha ezingama-699 kumntla-mpuma weNukuʻalofa. Ingxelo yeSHOA, isetyenzisiwe nge Inkqubo Yesilumkiso SeTsunami Yesizwe (i-SNAM)Kwakhona kwafumanisa ukuba olu ngcangcazelo Ayizange ihlangabezane neemfuno ezifunekayo ukudala itsunami eya kuchaphazela ilizwe.
Uvavanyo lwe-SNAM kunye nendima ye-SHOA
Zonke ezi ziganeko zijongwa ngexesha langempela yi- Inkqubo Yesilumkiso YeTsunami YesizweI-SHOA isebenzisa eli qonga ukufumana idatha ye-seismic yehlabathi kunye nokukhupha uvavanyo lwayo. Yonke inyikima ebalulekileyo, nokuba kungenxa yobukhulu bayo okanye indawo yayo, ihlolwa ngobunzulu, indlela yokuqhekeka, umgama ukusuka elunxwemeni, kunye amandla okwenyani okususa amanzi amaninzi.
Kwimeko yeenyikima ezirekhodwe eTonga, iingcali zihlole ukuba, nangona ubukhulu bezinto bungaphezulu kwe-7 kwiirekhodi zamazwe ngamazwe, imeko ayizange ihlangabezane nemigangatho yokufikelela kwetsunami eChile. Ngokutsho kweSHOA, imvelaphi kunye nokwakheka kwesi siganeko Babonise ukuba amandla akhululweyo awayi kubangela itsunami eyingozi kweli lizwe.
Ngokufanayo, xa inyikima enkulu engama-6,6 yenzeka kumantla-mpuma eNukuʻalofa, iarhente yobugcisa yaseChile ibonise ukuba le ntshukumo iqhutywe yi-SNAM kwaye, emva kokuphononongwa, kwagqitywa kwelokuba Bekungeyomfuneko ukuba kusebenze izilumkiso zonxwemeUmyalezo oya kubemi wawucacile: akukho mngcipheko wetsunami onxulumene naloo msebenzi wokunyikima komhlaba.
Ukunxibelelana namaziko ehlabathi, afana ne-USGS kunye nezinye iziko zokulumkisa zePacific Basin, kuvumela i-SHOA ukuba Thelekisa iiparameters kwaye uphucule iimodeli zakho Le ntsebenziswano ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ngemizuzu embalwa ukuba inyikima ingaba yingozi yokwenene kunxweme lwaseChile.
Abasemagunyeni bacebisa ukuba abemi bafumane ulwazi kuphela ngokusebenzisa imijelo esemthethweni, njengewebhusayithi ye-SNAM, amaqonga eSenapred kunye neeakhawunti zesikhungo eziqinisekisiweyo kwiinethiwekhi zentlalo, ukuze kuthintelwe amarhe kunye nedatha ephosakeleyo ngamaxesha obuthathaka obukhulu.
Iinyikima ezikunxweme lwaseChilean Antarctica: akukho meko yetsunami
Esinye isiganeko sakutshanje esibekwe esweni senzeke kwi Indawo yaseChile yaseAntarctic, kufutshane neFrei Base. Ebusuku, iinyikima ezimbini ezilandelelanayo zenzeke, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekusebenzeni kweenkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokubeka esweni ziiarhente zobugcisa kunye nezingxamisekileyo zaseChile.
Ungcangcazelo lokuqala lwenzeke e 21: iiyure ze-22, enobukhulu bokuqala obuyi-6,7 eyathi kamva yalungiswa yaba 6,5 yiZiko leSizwe leeNyikima. Indawo eyayiqala kuyo yayimalunga ne-1000. Iikhilomitha ezili-173 kumntla-mpuma weBase Frei, enobunzulu obusondele kwiikhilomitha ezili-10, idatha eyasasazwa kwiingxelo ezisemthethweni.
Kungadlulanga iyure emva koko, e 22: iiyure ze-15Inyikima yesibini yaphinda yanyikimisa ummandla we-Antarctic. Kule meko, ubukhulu babuyi 5,1 kwaye indawo leyo yayiqikelelwa ukuba imalunga neekhilomitha ezili-174 kumantla-mpuma esiseko esinye. Nangona ulandelelwano lweziganeko, uvavanyo lobuchwephesha lubonise ukuba Kwakungekho bungozi kuluntu okanye kwiziseko zophuhliso yonxweme oluseChile.
Emva kokuphonononga ulwazi, iSHOA ibike ukuba "Akukho miqathango ifunekayo yokudala itsunami kunxweme lwaseChile" ngenxa yezi ntshukumo e-Antarctica. Oko kukuthi, amandla akhutshiweyo kunye nokwakheka kwenyikima akuzange kuhambelane nokuveliswa kwetsunami eyayiza kufikelela kummandla welizwe.
IiYunithi zeSilumkiso sasekuqaleni zaseSenapred kwimimandla yaseAysén, eMagallanes naseBiobÃo zibike ukuba ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo kwemeko, kungekho ziphumo zibikiweyo kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi okanye ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kweenkonzo ezisisiseko kulo lonke ilizwe.
Inyikima enamandla eMantla eAtlantiki nayo ayinampembelelo eChile
Ukongeza kwiziganeko zaseTonga naseAntarctica, iChile ibeke esweni ngokusondeleyo i- 6,8 inyikima enobungakanani ibhalisiwe kwi Ulwandlekazi lweAtlantic, umgama omde ukusuka kunxweme lwaseMzantsi Melika. Indawo yokubhekisela kuyo yayimalunga Iikhilomitha ezili-1.872 kumntla-mpuma weBridgetown, eBarbados, kwindawo enxulumene neNorthern Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
I-SHOA ibike ngenkqubo yayo yesilumkiso ukuba le ntshukumo, nangona inkulu, Ayizange ihlangabezane neemeko zokudala itsunami eyachaphazela iChile. Iwebhusayithi ye-arhente yagxininisa ukuba indawo eyayisisiqalo yayifumaneka ngaphandle kwendawo ephambili yokuvelisa itsunami yoLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba kubekho impembelelo kunxweme lwaseChile.
Kwicala layo, i-USGS ilungise ubukhulu bayo ukuya kwi 6,7 kunye nobunzulu beekhilomitha ezili-10Ubonise ukuba ukunyikima akuzange kubangele naluphi na uqwalaselo lwetsunami, ukubukela, okanye isoyikiso kwiCaribbean okanye kwezinye iindawo zeAtlantiki. Ngolu lwazi, abasemagunyeni baseChile bazibophelela ekujongeni ngobuchwephesha, ngaphandle kokuthatha nyathelo malunga nabemi.
Olu hlobo lweziganeko ezikude, nangona zinokutsala ingqalelo ngenxa yobukhulu bazo, zihlala zinefuthe elincinci kakhulu kunxweme lwaseChile ukuba zikwiindawo ezithile. zihlukaniswe kwiipleyiti ezinkulu ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ilizweNgoko ke, imiyalezo esemthethweni igxininisa ukuba uvavanyo lobuchwephesha lulo olugqiba ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokwenene okanye akunjalo.
Kule meko, isiphelo besicacile: Akukho tsunami isongelayo eChileNgoko ke, akukho zilumkiso zikhutshweyo ngaphandle kweengxelo zolwazi ezijoliswe kwiziphathamandla nakubemi abanomdla kwimisebenzi yokunyikima kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kunye neengcebiso kubemi
Zonke ezi ziqendu zakutshanje zibonisa ukuba iChile ine inethiwekhi yokujonga inyikima kunye netsunami isebenza rhoqoLe nkqubo iququzelelwa phakathi kwe-SHOA, iSenapred, kunye neZiko leSizwe leSeismological, ukongeza kwintsebenziswano namaziko angaphandle. Inyikima nganye ebalulekileyo ihlolwa kwimizuzu embalwa ukuze kuchongwe impembelelo yayo kweli lizwe.
Abasemagunyeni bagxininisa ukuba, xa kukho nawuphi na umsebenzi omkhulu wokuzamazama komhlaba, uluntu lufanele lunikele ingqalelo kuphela amajelo olwazi asemthethweniIiwebhusayithi zezikhungo, izilumkiso zeapps, kunye neeakhawunti zeendaba zoluntu eziqinisekisiweyo zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwamahemuhemu anokubangela isilumkiso esingeyomfuneko.
Nangona ukuveliswa kwetsunami kungavumelekanga kwiimeko ezichaziweyo, imibutho efana neSenapred isebenzisa ezi meko ukukhumbuza wonke umntu ngokubaluleka kokuba izicwangciso zongxamiseko zosapho, yazi iindlela zokufuduka kwiindawo ezikunxweme kwaye ukwazi ukubona iimpawu zendalo zetsunami enokubakho, njengenyikima enamandla kakhulu okanye ukubuya kolwandle okungaqhelekanga.
Enyanisweni, umyalezo ophindaphindwayo kukuba iChile iphila ubomi obuchaphazelekileyo umsebenzi omkhulu wokunyikima ngenxa yendawo ekuyo kwiPacific Ring of Fire, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ineenkqubo eziphambili zokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza ukuba zeziphi iziganeko ezinokukhokelela kwisongelo lokwenyani kwaye, njengezisandula ukwenzeka eTonga, eAtlantic naseAntarctica, Azibangeli mngcipheko wetsunami kubemi.
Njengoko iinyikima ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zihlalutywe kwiintsuku ezimbalwa nje kwaye zonke zisusiwe njengeenjini zetsunami eChile, amaziko anoxanduva lokubeka esweni ulwandle kunye nenyikima ayaqinisa indima yawo njengesihluzo sobuchwephesha xa kujongwa inkxalabo yoluntu, egxininisa ukuba ukudibana kobukhulu, indawo, kunye nobunzulu yikona okumisela ukuba kukho ingozi na elunxwemeni, kwaye kwezi zihlandlo. Imiqathango yayingalunganga..