Ambalwa amatye anqabileyo endalo e-Andalusia avuselela umdla kunye nokucinga njenge Trafalgar TomboNgaphaya kokuba idume ngendima yayo kwidabi lomkhosi wasemanzini wasentsomini, le enclave sisifundo sophononongo lweengcali zenzululwazi ngokwakheka komhlaba kunye nabathandi bendalo ngokungaqhelekanga. ukwakheka kwejoloji edibanisa isiqithi saseTrafalgar kunye nonxweme lwelizweKodwa senziwa njani esi siqwenga sesanti, yaye yintoni esenza sikhetheke kangaka kunxweme lwaseCadiz? Eli nqaku likumema ukuba ufumanise ngendaleko, iinkqubo zejoloji, ixabiso lendalo, kunye nomxholo wembali weyona tombolo idumileyo yaseSpain.
Kule migca ilandelayo, uya kuphonononga ubunzulu bemvelaphi yayo, unxweme lwayo oluguquguqukayo, okusingqongileyo okunomdla okuyingqongileyo, kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwinkcubeko nakwimbali. Zilungiselele ukuqonda indlela indalo kunye nexesha eziye zalungisa ngayo enye yezona ndawo zintle kwaye zahlukile kunxweme lweAtlantiki, ezixatyisiweyo ukusuka kumaxesha amandulo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku..
Libekwe phi ingcwaba laseTrafalgar?
El Trafalgar ingcwaba Ime kwiphondo laseCádiz, ngaphakathi kumasipala waseBarbate, ngakumbi kwindawo eselunxwemeni. ICaños de MecaLo ngumqolo okhethekileyo, apho iTrafalgar Island, eyayisakuba sisiqithi samatye, iye yadityaniswa ngokwemvelo kumhlaba omkhulu ngesi siqwenga sesanti esidibanisa nonxweme lweCadiz. Lo mhlaba umi kumbindi weBreña kunye neeMarshes zeBarbate Natural Park, ekhuselweyo njengelitye lesikhumbuzo leNdalo ukususela ngo-2001, kwaye ibalasele kwinkangeleko engathandabuzekiyo yendlu yesibane ethwesa isithsaba kunye nokutyeba kweendunduma zayo kunye nenkqubo yendalo yaselwandle.
Ngokwendawo, ingcwaba limi kanye apho amanzi oLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki kunye nemimoya yeempawu zeStrait yaseGibraltar idibana, nto leyo eye yaququzelela ukuguquka okukhethekileyo kolu mhlaba kwinkulungwane yeminyaka. Le ndawo ayingomda wendalo kuphela kodwa ikwayimbali kunye nenkcubeko, ibe yindawo yeziganeko ezibalulekileyo ze-archaeology kunye nophando.
Yintoni i-tombulo kwaye yintoni eyenza ukuba ikhethekileyo eTrafalgar?
Ixesha tombulo Ibhekisa kulwakhiwo lwejoloji yonxweme oludalwe kukuqokelelwa kwentlenga, ingakumbi isanti, ephela isenza ulwimi okanye isiqwenga somhlaba esidibanisa isiqithi okanye isiqithana kunye nelizwekazi. ITrafalgar tombulo ngowona mzekelo ubalaseleyo wale nto kunxweme lwaseAndalusia kwaye, ngakumbi, yeyona tombulo eyaziwayo ephindwe kabini eAndalusia..
Into eyahlula ingcwaba likaTrafalgar kukuba alidityaniswanga yintlabathi enye, kodwa lidityaniswe ngamathambeka amabini abalulekileyo, abunjwe kumawaka eminyaka ngentshukumo edityanisiweyo yemisinga yolwandle, amaza, amaza, yaye, ngokuyingozi, imimoya yasempuma nentshona. Oku kubini kuqeqesho kwenza kube yimeko ekhethekileyo yexabiso elikhulu lezesayensi., ingumba wofundo wejoloji yonxweme kunye nentshukumo yonxweme.
Ulwakhiwo lweGeological: Yavela njani ingcwaba leTrafalgar
La ukusekwa kwengcwaba leTrafalgar Sisiphumo senkqubo ende yejoloji kunye neguquguqukayo enemvelaphi yotshintsho olukhulu lwemozulu kunye nokuvela komphakamo wolwandle emva kwexesha lokugqibela lomkhenkce. Phantse kwiminyaka eyi-16.000 eyadlulayo, ekupheleni kwexesha lokugqibela lomkhenkce, inqanaba lolwandle laqala ukunyuka (iFlandrian Transgression), yafikelela kubuninzi bayo malunga ne-6.500 kwiminyaka edlulileyo.Kungelo xesha apho unxweme nolwandle lwazinza kufutshane neemeko zalo zangoku.
Ngelo xesha, iTrafalgar Island yanamhlanje yayisisiqithana esahlulwe kunxweme. Emva kokuba umgangatho wolwandle uzinzile, Imisinga yaselunxwemeni, amaza kunye nemimoya ekhoyo yaqalisa ukuqokelela intlenga kumacala omabini esi siqithi., nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kubekho imivalo yentlabathi emibini eyathi ekuhambeni kwexesha yadibanisa esi siqithana kumhlaba omkhulu. Ichweba elibanzi elenziwe phakathi kwale mivalo, kamva lizaliswe yisanti kunye nezinto ezintle ezithuthwa ngumoya kunye neentshukumo zemigxobhozo eselunxwemeni.
Imveliso yokugqibela yale nkqubo lingcwaba eliphindwe kabini esilibonayo namhlanje, ilitye lesanti elinomlinganiselo omalunga nama-242.000 m², eliquka kungekuphela nje imbonakalo-mhlaba enomtsalane kodwa nesakhiwo sexabiso elikhulu kwindalo nenzululwazi.
Izinto ezenza ingcwaba kunye neTrafalgar Island
El Isiqithi saseTrafalgar apho i-lighthouse edumileyo ihleli khona yenziwe ikakhulu ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili zemathiriyeli yejoloji:
- Amatye esanti eConglomeraticLa matye aqulathe amaqhekeza amaninzi eqokobhe kwaye afakwa malunga neminyaka eyi-100.000 eyadlulayo kwindawo efudumeleyo yonxweme, njengoko kungqinwa ziifosili ezifunyenweyo, umzekelo, zegastropod Strombus bubonius. Ukubunjwa kwabo kunxulumene nolwaphulo-mthetho lwaselwandle.
- Iintlenga kunye neendunduma zesamenteEzi zixhobo zibonisa i-cross-stratification kwaye zimalunga ne-90.000 yeminyaka ubudala, ziqokelelwe ngexesha lee-episodes zokuhlehliswa kolwandle kunye nakwiimeko zelizwekazi.
- Iintambo zendunduma zangokuUkusukela ekuzinzisweni kolwandle kwiminyaka engama-6.500 eyadlulayo, imimoya, ngakumbi evela empuma, ithande ukubekwa kweendunduma zakutsha nje, ezibumba imbonakalo yomhlaba yetombulo.
Le ndibaniselwano ethile yezixhobo inika isiqithi kunye nengcwaba iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemilo kunye nezakhiwo, zombini kwinqanaba elikhulu, njengeqonga elinamatye elibonakalayo kwi-tide ephantsi, kunye nenqanaba le-microscopic, kunye nokubonakala kwezakhiwo ezinqabileyo kakhulu kunye nemozulu.
Imodeli yejoloji: i-macromodeling kunye ne-micromodeling eTrafalgar
El imodeli yokwakheka komhlaba ISiqithi saseTrafalgar kunye neTombolo yincwadi evulekileyo kwiinkqubo zonxweme. I-Macromodeling ijongwa ikakhulu kwiqonga lelitye le-marine abrasion, elibonakala ngakumbi kumaza aphantsi. Kweli qonga kukho iiketile ezininzi ze-turbillonare okanye amaqula., eyenziwe kukugqabhuka kwamatye ashukunyiswa ngamaza. Eminye yale mingxunya ingqukuva yayisetyenziswa yimpucuko yamandulo ukukhupha iibhloko zelitye elisilinda elalisetyenziswa ekwakhiweni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-micromodeling izibonakalisa kwii-microforms ezifana nezaziwayo "amanqatha obusi" okanye i-taffonis: imingxuma emincinci engqukuva okanye ene-arched kwindawo yamatye, isiphumo semozulu yetyuwa, ukunyibilika kwezimbiwa ngamanzi olwandle, kunye nesenzo esiqhubekayo somoya ofumileyo, onetyuwa (isitshizi setyuwa). Ezi milo ziyimpawu kangangokuba ziye zaba luphawu lwesiqithana.
Indima yemimoya kunye nemisinga kwi-evolution ye-tombulo
Ukujongwa okukhethekileyo kunxweme eTrafalgar kuvumela, kule ndawo, zombini imimoya yasentshona kunye nemisinga (iAtlantiki) kunye nemimoya yasempuma (esuka kwiStrait of Gibraltar) isenzoLe mikhosi echasayo inoxanduva lokuqokelela isanti kunye nokudalwa kwengcwaba eliphindwe kabini, kunye nokulungiswa rhoqo kokubonakala kwayo.
Isenzo esidityanisiweyo somoya kunye nokuphethuka konxweme nako kuvelisa iinkqubo zeendunduma ezisebenzayo eziqhubela phambili ngokucothayo, zide zigqume iziseko ezingundoqo ezifana neendlela ezindala kunye noohola bendlela. I-asphalt yendlela endala ekhokelela kwi-lighthouse ngokoqobo iginywa yintlabathi, ebonisa inguqu eqhubekayo yalo mhlaba.
Ixabiso elikhethekileyo lendalo kunye nembonakalo yomhlaba
El Trafalgar ingcwaba kunye neendawo eziyingqongileyo ezikufutshane likhaya a iyantlukwano enkulu yendalo igxininiswe kwindawo encinci kakhulu. Iinkqubo zeengqumba zentlabathi nesanti, imimandla enamaza aphakathi kwamaza, amaqonga anamatye, amachibi amancinane, kunye nemigxobhozo eselunxwemeni zibonelela ngekhusi kunye nokutya kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana, kubandakanywa iintaka ezihlala iindlwane kunye nezifudukayo, kunye neentlobo eziqhelaniswe neemeko zetyuwa eninzi kunye nokunqaba kwamanzi ahlaziyekileyo.
Ngaphaya koko, yindawo ecwangcisiweyo yokubukela iintaka kunye nolondolozo lweendawo zokuhlala eziselunxwemeni ezithi, kwezinye iindawo, ziye zanyamalala ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwasezidolophini nabakhenkethi. ukukhuselwa kwesi sakhiwo njengesikhumbuzo seNdalo Ivumele ukugcinwa kwemilinganiselo yayo yendalo kunye nembonakalo-mhlaba, iyenza ibe yindawo ekubhekiselele kuyo ukhenketho olunoxanduva kunye nemfundo yokusingqongileyo kwiphondo laseCádiz.
Imbali kunye neenyawo zomntu eTrafalgar
El Trafalgar ingcwaba Ibiyi-enclave ecwangcisiweyo kunye nengcwele ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo. Iirekhodi ze-Archaeological zingqina ubukho be Iindawo zaseFenike, zamaRoma kunye namaSilamsi, owathabatha ithuba lokufikeleleka kunye nobutyebi bobuncwane baselwandle kwindawo.
Iqaqambisa, umzekelo, ubukho be-a Umzi-mveliso waseRoma wetyuwa Kwikona esemazantsi-mpuma, enxulunyaniswa nelali yaselwandle, iintsalela zetempile yaseRoma, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba zinikezelwe kuthixokazi uJuno, nazo zifunyenwe phezulu kwipromontory. Ubungqina beendawo zokuhlala ze-Hispano-Muslim zifunyenwe kwindawo efanayo, kwaye kutshanje, ukwakhiwa komlindi wamaSilamsi (inkulungwane ye-9) ukulawula nokukhusela i-traffic yaselwandle kunye nonxweme.
Ukufaneleka kwale enclave akupheli kwiXesha laMandulo: i 21 Oktobha ka-1805 Isiganeko esidumileyo senzeke kunxweme lwayo Imfazwe yaseTrafalgar, ukubandakanyeka okuqinisekileyo komkhosi waselwandle kwimbali yaseYurophu. Kolu ngquzulwano, imikhosi emanyeneyo yaseSpain-French yoyiswa ngumkhosi waselwandle waseBritane owawuyalelwa nguAdmiral Nelson, ephawula ukongama komkhosi waseBritane elwandle isithuba esingaphezu kwenkulungwane. Eli dabi lenze le ndawo yaba ngumtsalane wembali, inkcubeko kunye nabakhenkethi.
Izinto zakudala ezifunyenwe kutshanje
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, indawo ye-tombulo kunye neendawo eziyingqongileyo ibe ngumxholo obalulekileyo ukugrunjwa kwezinto zakudala eyenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseCádiz kunye namanye amaqela akhethekileyo. Phakathi kweziphumo eziphawulekayo zezi:
- Ukufunyanwa ngo-2021 kwe necropolis megalithic ukusuka kwiBronze Age ngamangcwaba aphakathi kwe-1800 kunye ne-1700 BC, kubandakanywa negumbi lokungcwaba elineentsalela zabantu, amacici egolide kunye ne-talc kunye namaso e-jet necklace.
- Ukufunyanwa kwe-a i-balneum okanye i-roman thermal complex Ukusukela kwinkulungwane yokuqala ye-AD, iimitha ezingama-500 kuphela ukusuka kwindlu yokukhanya, igcina ukucwangciswa okupheleleyo kwamagumbi amaninzi kunye neendonga zawo, kunye neenkqubo zokufudumeza (i-frigidarium, i-tepidarium, i-caldarium) eyayisebenzela ucoceko kunye nokuzonwabisa kwabasebenzi beshishini basekhaya.
- Imimandla emitsha eyombiweyo icebisa ubukho bemizi-mveliso edityaniswe nokuloba, ukutyiwa kwetyuwa, kunye nokulima emanzini ngamaxesha aseRoma, zonke ezo zilondolozwe kakuhle kakhulu ngenxa yentlenga yeendunduma ezikhawulezayo.
Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo ziqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwembali kunye neenkcubeko ezininzi zengcwaba leTrafalgar, kunye nobutyebi bezinto zakudala kunxweme lweCadiz.
ITrafalgar Lighthouse: uphawu lonxweme lweAtlantiki
Enye yeempawu ezibonakalayo zetombulo yi Trafalgar Lighthouse, inqaba emhlophe ecekethekileyo eyakhiwa phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19 kanye kweyona ndawo iphakamileyo yesiqithana sangaphambili. Indlu yesibane yokukhanyisela imi phezu kweentsalela zenqaba yakudala yamaSilamsi, eyenza inxalenye yembali yokukhusela eyinkimbinkimbi kunxweme lweCadiz.
I-lighthouse ayisebenzi nje njengomqondiso waselwandle, kodwa iyindawo ephawulekayo kunye nenkcubeko. Indawo eyingqongileyo ilungiselelwe utyelelo kunye nokuhamba, nangona ukufikelela kwezithuthi kuthintelwe kwiimitha ezimbalwa zokugqibela ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuvumela abatyeleli ukuba bazonwabele ngoxolo imbonakalo yomhlaba, iimbono zepanoramic, kunye nokutshona kwelanga okudumileyo okwenze le ndawo yaduma emhlabeni.
Itombulo njengesikhumbuzo seNdalo kunye nommandla okhuselweyo
Ukuqaphela ukuhluka kwabo, i I-Trafalgar Tombulus yabhengezwa njengesikhumbuzo seNdalo ngo-2001 kwaye ibandakanyiwe kwi-Andalusian Inventory of Georesources, ebandakanya ukukhuselwa kwexabiso leekholoji, i-geological and landscape. Ine-a indawo ekhuselweyo engaphezulu kwe-241.000 m², equka kungekuphela nje isiqithana ngokwaso kunye nengcwaba, kodwa nenxalenye yeenkqubo zeendunduma kunye namanxweme asemdeni, iindawo ezithile zokungena kunye nemimandla ephakathi kwamaza.
Ngaphandle kokuba yindawo etyelelwe kakhulu, ngakumbi ngeenyanga zasehlotyeni, uthintelo lokufikelela kunye nokungabikho kweziseko zoncedo eziphambili zabakhenkethi kuye kwayivumela ukuba igcine ubume bayo basendle kwaye isebenze njengendawo yokusabela yeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo. Amanyathelo orhulumente wengingqi kaMasipala kunye ne-Andalusian omeleze ukhuseleko ngemiqondiso yokutolika, iindlela zokuhamba, kunye namaqonga oqwalaselo, ukukhuthaza ukhenketho oluzinzileyo nolufundisayo.
Ukuzonwabisa, ezemidlalo kunye nokhenketho eTrafalgar
El indawo engqonge ingcwaba leTrafalgar Ikwangumazibuthe wemisebenzi yangaphandle yolonwabo nemidlalo. Iilwandle ezikufutshane, ezifana EMarisucia Amaza ka ICaños de Meca, baziwa ngomgangatho wesanti kunye nobukhulu bamaza abo, alungele ukusefa, i-kitesurfing kunye ne-windsurfing, imidlalo exhamla kwimimoya yendawo.
Iindlela eziphawulweyo, ukukhwela ihashe, kunye nokukhwela ibhayisekile kukuvumela ukuba ujonge indawo yeendunduma, amahlathi ompayina, kunye nepaki yendalo engqongileyo. Le ndawo ikwaxatyiswe kakhulu ngenxa yokutshona kwelanga okuhle, enokuthi yonwabele kwiindawo ezineempawu ezibekwe phakathi kwendalo, njengebhari yaseLas Dunas elunxwemeni.
Ukuthontelana kwabakhenkethi kugxile kakhulu ehlotyeni, kodwa ngaphandle kwexesha eliphakamileyo, le ndawo ibonelela ngokuzola kunye nemvakalelo yokunxibelelana nendalo, ilungele ukufota, ukubukela iintaka, kunye nokucamngca ngobume belizwe.
Impembelelo yomntu kunye nolawulo lokusingqongileyo
Ngoxa i impembelelo yomntu ibisisikelwe umda ngokwembali, kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwakho iingxoxo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwendawo nokulungelelana phakathi kolondolozo nokhenketho. Ukwakhiwa kwendlela yokungena kwilighthouse kwathetha inguqu ebalulekileyo yendawo yechweba elidala, nangona izithintelo ezilandelayo zezithuthi kunye nokubuyiselwa kokusingqongileyo kuthomalalise umonakalo omkhulu..
Okwangoku, ukufikelela kwimoto kuthintelwe kwiimitha zokugqibela, kwaye ukufikelela kwabahambi ngeenyawo kuye kwabekwa phambili, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwendawo yeendwendwe ngendlela ehlonipha indalo. Kukho izindululo ekuxoxwa ngazo zokusebenzisa i-lighthouse njengeziko lokutolika okanye indawo yokutyela, nangona la manyathelo evelisa izimvo ezixubeneyo kwaye axhomekeke kwizifundo zempembelelo kunye nokuvumelana kwezentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Inkcubeko, imbali kunye nokukhuselwa eTrafalgar
Igama Trafalgar Ineengcambu zesiArabhu (iTaraf al-Ghar okanye iTaraf al-Agar), enokuthi iguqulelwe njenge "cape cape," "i-cape emhlophe," okanye "i-cape ekhanyayo," enokuthi inxulumene nombala okhanyayo wesanti ejikeleze kuyo. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, eli gama liye lathatha ukubaluleka kumazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yokubaluleka kwedabi le-1805, kwaye likhuthaza namagama ezitalato (njengaseBarcelona) kunye neTrafalgar Square edumileyo eLondon, eyakhiwe ngokuhlonipha u-Admiral Nelson kunye noloyiso lwaseBritane.
Ngokwesithethe sasekhaya, zombini ulwandle kunye nendlu yesibane ziyinxalenye yengcinga edibeneyo yephondo laseCádiz, kwaye imihlaba yalo ibe ngumthombo wenkuthazo kumagcisa, ababhali, kunye nabakhenkethi abatsalwe kukukhanya kunye nomoya okhethekileyo weAtlantiki yaseAndalusi.
Izoyikiso zangoku kunye nemingeni yolondolozo
Njengayo nayiphi na imeko yendalo exabisekileyo, i Trafalgar ingcwaba Ijongene nemingeni ebalulekileyo, efana noxinzelelo oluvela kukhenketho, ungenelelo lweengqumba zentlabathi kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezidala, kunye nobukho benkunkuma ngamathub’ athile, nangona inkathalo yoluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye nezenzo zoluntu zibe negalelo ekuyigcineni ikwimeko engaqhelekanga yolondolozo.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokunyuka okunokwenzeka komphakamo wolwandle kumashumi eminyaka ezayo kubangela imingcipheko eyongezelelweyo kuzinzo lwetombulo kunye nolondolozo lwendalo yayo. Ngoko ke, ukubeka iliso kwezenzululwazi, ukufundisa ngendalo esingqongileyo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukhenketho oluzinzileyo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulondolozwa kwalo ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo.
Ingcwaba leTrafalgar njengesalathiso sejoloji yamazwe ngamazwe
Ngenxa yokunqaba kwayo kunye neqondo lolondolozo, i Trafalgar ingcwaba Ikhankanywe njengemodeli kwizifundo ezininzi malunga ne-geomorphology yonxweme kunye ne-dynamics yonxweme. Inkqubo yayo emibini yemivalo yentlabathi, ukusebenzisana kwemimoya echasayo, kunye nokubonakaliswa okukhethekileyo kokhukuliseko kunye neenkqubo ze-sedimentary kwenza ukuba ifanele ukukhuselwa kweYurophu. Olu qulunqo ngumzekelo weenkqubo zokuzivelela konxweme ekuphenduleni utshintsho kwinqanaba lolwandle kunye neearhente zendalo, ezisebenza njengesalathiso sophando lwamazwe ngamazwe kwi-geology yonxweme.
Ukubandakanywa kwayo kwi I-Andalusian Inventory yeGeoresources kunye nengqalelo yoluntu lwezenzululwazi iqinisekisa indawo yayo ebalaseleyo kwizifundo kunye nemisebenzi yemfundo. Ukongeza, olu khuseleko luye lwakhuthaza Trafalgar ingcwaba Lilungelo elikhethekileyo lokumisela ukufunda ngendalo kunye nembali yoluntu kunxweme lweCadiz, kwindawo edibanisa ubuhle, imbali kunye nesayensi.