El interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS Ibe yinkwenkwezi yenye yeephulo zokujonga ezibalaseleyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Nangona ukusondela kwayo eMhlabeni kuza kwenzeka kumgama okhuselekileyo ngokupheleleyo, ukuyilandela kuye kwaba yindlela yokuziqhelanisa yokunxiba efanelekileyo. intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kukhuselo lweeplanethi.
Le nto, eya kufikelela kwinqanaba layo elisondeleyo kwi Ngolwesihlanu Disemba 19Iza kudlula malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-270 ezigidi ukusuka kwiplanethi yethu. Akukho mngcipheko wokuba ingachaphazeleka, kodwa inika ithuba elixabisekileyo: ukuvavanya, phantsi kolawulo lweZizwe eziManyeneyo, iindlela eziphambili zokusebenzisa fumana, ulinganise kwaye uqikelele indlela eya kuyo iikhomethi kunye nee-asteroids, kwezinye iimeko, ezinokuba yingozi yokwenene.
Iphulo le-UN lokulandelela i-comet 3I/ATLAS
Umntu obalulekileyo kweli candelo lophuhliso ngulo Uthungelwano lweSilumkiso seAsteroid yaMazwe ngaMazwe (IAWN)Iphulo elixhaswa yi-UN eliququzelela ii-observatories, ii-arhente zasesibhakabhakeni, kunye nezazi zeenkwenkwezi kwihlabathi liphela. Umsebenzi walo oqhelekileyo kukubeka esweni izinto ngendlela enye. Izinto ezikufutshane noMhlaba (ii-NEO) oko kunokubangela umngcipheko, kodwa kule meko indlela yokwenza yahlukile: ukusebenzisa ithuba londwendwe olungenabungozi ukuze uqeqeshe ngcono iinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangethuba.
Iphulo kwi-3I/ATLAS li iququzelelwe ngobuchwephesha yiNASA kwaye ibandakanya ukuthatha inxaxheba kweendawo zokubukela zamazwe ngamazwe ezingaphezu kwama-80, kuquka amaziko aseYurophu kunye nezibonelelo ezininzi zobungcali kunye nezabaqalayo ezisasazeke kwihlabathi liphela. Eli lixesha lokuqala i-IAWN iququzelela ukulandelela okucwangcisiweyo kwento enemvelaphi phakathi kweenkwenkwezi. ukusukela oko baqala iinkqubo zabo zokujonga ngo-2017.
Ngokutsho kukaJames Bauer, umphandi oyintloko kwinethiwekhi kunye noprofesa kwicandelo leenkwenkwezi kwiYunivesithi yaseMaryland, ingqwalasela ayikokuphakamisa ii-alamu, kodwa kukwi ukuqinisa izakhono zobugcisa ze ngeenkwenkweziOko kukuthi, ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kweendawo zeekhomethi kunye nee-asteroids esibhakabhakeni. Ngamazwi abo, injongo kukuba uluntu lusebenzise iindlela "zanamhlanje neziphucukileyo" ezikhoyo.
Ukusasazwa, okuqhutywa yi-UN kunye ne-IAWN, kukwayinxalenye yomxholo obanzi we uqeqesho lokukhusela iiplanethiEzi ziqhelo zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iindlela zokulungelelanisa phakathi kwee-arhente, amaziko esayensi, kunye nabasemagunyeni. Imeko ye-3I/ATLAS isetyenziswa njengoqheliselo oluyinyani, kodwa ngaphandle koxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo lwengozi ekhawulezileyo.
Yintoni eyenza i-comet 3I/ATLAS ibe yekhethekileyo
Nangona imvelaphi yayo ingaqhelekanga, izinto eziqwalaselweyo zibonisa ukuba Iziphatha njenge "comet" yakudalaInesakhiwo esihambelana nezinye ii-comets ezaziwayo, kunye amanzi, ikharbon diokside kunye nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo ezithi zenze i-coma esebenzayo ejikeleze i-nucleus njengoko isondela eLangeni. Olu dibaniso lwemvelaphi engaqhelekanga kodwa oluqhelekileyo lwenza kube lula ukuthelekisa ne- ii-comets eziqhelekileyo zenkqubo yelanga.
Enye into ebangele umdla kukuba amanye amaqela acebisa ukuba isenokuba yenye ye ii-comets eziphakathi kweenkwenkwezi ezinkulu nezindala ifunyenwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Nangona ezi zibalo zisalungiswa, ubungakanani bayo kunye nokukhanya kwayo kuyenza ibe yeyona nto ifanelekileyo kwiiteleskopu ezinezakhono ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizibonelelo ezinkulu zobungcali ukuya kwiindawo zokujonga ezincinci, kuquka ezininzi eziseYurophu naseSpain.
Nokuba kunjalo, uluntu lwezenzululwazi lugxininisa kwisigidimi esicacileyo: Akukho mngcipheko wempembeleloUmgama ocwangcisiweyo, omalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-270 ezigidi, mkhulu kunomgama ophakathi koMhlaba neLanga, ngoko ke eli phulo lithathwa njengomsebenzi wokufunda, kungekhona njengokuphendula kwimeko kaxakeka.
Le meko izolileyo ivumela i-comet ukuba isebenze njengendawo yokuvavanya iimeko ezinzima zexesha elizayo, ezinje ngokubekwa esweni iiasteroids ezinokuba yingozi Ii-comet ezifana ne-Apophis, eziza kubekwa esweni ngokusondeleyo njengoko zisondela ekupheleni kwale minyaka ilishumi, okanye iziqendu ezibangele inkxalabo kuluntu, njengokudlula kwe-comet YR2024.
Iindlela ezintsha ze-astrometry kunye nomngeni wokujonga
Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zale phulo kukuba ukuvavanya indlela entsha ye-astrometryLe ndlela, eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukulandelela izinto ezifana ne-3I/ATLAS, ijolise ekunciphiseni iimpazamo ekumiseleni indawo yazo echanekileyo nokubala ukujikeleza kwazo—ezibalulekileyo ekuqikeleleni indlela yokuziphatha kwayo nayiphi na i-NEO.
Ukulandelela i-comet esebenzayo, ingakumbi ephakathi kweenkwenkwezi, akulula. ukwahluka kokukhanya kwayo Kwaye ukuguquguquka okuqhubekayo kwe-coma yayo—i-involve yegesi nothuli olujikeleze i-nucleus—kunoku "futha" ubungakanani obubonakalayo bento kwaye kube nzima kakhulu ukulinganisa. Kukule ndawo kanye apho i-IAWN ifuna ukuvavanya nokuphucula izixhobo zayo.
Ngokutsho kwabo baphethe inethiwekhi, ingcamango kukuba iindlela ezivavanyiweyo nge-3I/ATLAS ziya kusetyenziswa emva koko eminye imizimba enengxaki ngakumbizombini ngokweengozi ezinokubakho kunye nobunzima bokujongwa. Amava afunyenwe kweli phulo athathwa njengexabiso elikhethekileyo ekucwangciseni. Imisebenzi yasesibhakabhakeni ukuya kwii-asteroids kunye nee-comets, efana naleyo yenziwe yiNASA noBennu.
Lo msebenzi awupheleli nje ekuthatheni imifanekiso kunye neendawo zokukhanya esibhakabhakeni. Emva kwemiboniso, kukho utshintshiselwano olunzulu lolwazi phakathi kwamaqela avela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kuquka amaqela aseYurophu naseSpain, abelana ngemibuzo yobugcisa, ukulinganiswa, kunye nokulungiswa. Olu hambo luqhubekayo lunegalelo hlanganisa iikhrayitheriya zokujonga sele zinciphisa umahluko phakathi kokulinganisa.
I-IAWN ngokwayo ibonise ukuba ubunzima bohlalutyo buya kufuna ukulibazisa ukupapashwa kweziphumo zokugqibelaIdatha malunga nendawo ye-comet, indlela eneenkcukacha ngayo, kunye neempawu zomzimba iphantsi kwenkqubo yokuqinisekiswa ngononophelo kwaye akulindelekanga ukuba ikhutshwe ngohlobo lophando olupheleleyo lwesayensi kude kube sekuqaleni konyaka ozayo.
Inethiwekhi yehlabathi ethatha inxaxheba kwiirekhodi
Ngaphandle kwecandelo lobuchwephesha kuphela, iphulo elijikeleze i-3I/ATLAS lisebenza ukulinganisa inqanaba lokwenyani lolungelelwaniso lwamazwe ngamazwe phambi kwento yasezulwini enomdla ofanayo. I-International Asteroid Alert Network idibanisa ii-observatories ezingaphezu kwama-80, kodwa kule meko inxaxheba inyuke kakhulu.
Ngokwezibalo ezikhutshwe yinethiwekhi ngokwayo kwaye zixelwe ziindaba ezikhethekileyo ezifana Sayensi ephilayoUkuqala kwephulo kubonise inani elikhulu labathathi-nxaxheba. Abathathi-nxaxheba abayi-171 phakathi kwamaziko, amaqela ophando, kunye neengcali zeenkwenkwezi zabemi. Ukudibana kweeteleskopu ezinkulu, iimboni ezincinci, kwaneeprojekthi zesayensi yabemi kuye kwaphumela kwisiseko sedatha esibanzi nesihlukeneyo.
Olu ququzelelo lubanzi lubonisa ukuba kukho umdla okhulayo kwi izinto eziphakathi kweenkwenkwezi Kwangaxeshanye, iqinisa iindlela zentsebenziswano eziya kufuneka kwimeko yokwenyani yomngcipheko. I-UN, nge-IAWN, ifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi luhamba ngokukhawuleza nangokuthembekileyo phakathi kwabadlali abahlukeneyo ababandakanyekayo.
EYurophu, ingakumbi eSpain, ii-observatories ezininzi ziye zanegalelo ekuqwalaselweni okudityaniswe kwidatha yehlabathi. Nangona uninzi lwala maziko lusebenza ngokufihlakeleyo, idatha yawo ibalulekile ekugubungeleni amaxesha kunye neemeko zomoya ezingenakusetyenziswa zezinye iiteleskopu, ngaloo ndlela zomeleza ukugqunywa okuqhubekayo kwe-comet.
Le mizamo edibeneyo ayipheleli kwi-3I/ATLAS kuphela. I-IAWN sele inamava kwiiphulo zangaphambili ezigxile kwi iiasteroids ezinokuba yingozi, njenge-Apophis, ebisoloko ijongwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye iza kuphinda ibe semngciphekweni xa isondela eMhlabeni phakathi kowama-2027 nowama-2029. Ulwazi olufunyenweyo ngoku luza kusetyenziswa ngqo kwezi meko.
Ukhuselo lweplanethi kunye namanyathelo alandelayo kuphando
Ukubekwa esweni okunzulu kwe-3I/ATLAS kudityaniswe kwisakhelo esibanzi se ukhuselo lweeplanethi olucwangcisiweyoZombini i-NASA kunye I-Arhente YaseYurophu Yendawo (ESA) Kudala belumkisa ukuba iingozi ezivela esibhakabhakeni—ii-asteroids, ii-comets, okanye izinto ezifana nezivuthuvuthu zelanga—zifuna indlela ephucukileyo yokubeka esweni neyokuphendula.
Ingcamango kukuba, xa kuthe kwafunyanwa into eyingozi ngokwenene, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe luya kuba sele lunayo indawo yalo. iiprotokholi ezicacileyo, iinethiwekhi zokujonga ezicociweyo kakuhle, kunye neendlela zokubala eziqinisekisiweyoIimvavanyo ezifana novavanyo lwe-3I/ATLAS zivumela ezi ndlela ukuba zivavanyelwe ngexesha langempela, ngaphandle koxinzelelo lokubala ngokucinezela.
Ngokwenzululwazi, ixabiso le-comet lidlula ngaphaya kwe-astrometry. Indalo yayo phakathi kweenkwenkwezi inika izikhokelo malunga ukwakheka nokuguquka kweenkqubo zeeplanethi ezingezizo ezethuOku kuhambelana nenye yezona njongo ziphambili ze-astronomy zanamhlanje: ukuqonda okwenzekayo ngaphaya kommandla welanga kunye nendlela ezo ndawo zifana ngayo nezethu.
Ngokutsho kwamagosa ephulo, iziphumo zokuqala ziza kuhlaziywa kwiinyanga ezizayo kwaye kulindeleke ukuba Izifundo eziphononongwe ngoontanga ziza kupapashwa ukususela ngo-2026.Ukususela ngelo xesha ukuya phambili, lonke uluntu lwezenzululwazi luya kukwazi ukuhlalutya ngokweenkcukacha iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezigqibo ezithatyathwe.
Okwangoku, ii-arhente zasemoyeni zigxininisa ekuthumeleni umyalezo oqinisekisayo kuluntu: I-3I/ATLAS ayibangeli bungozi eMhlabeniImpembelelo yokwenyani yale comet ayizukuba yeyomzimba, kodwa yeyobuchwephesha neyenzululwazi, njengoko isebenza njengesikhuthazo sokuphucula ukujonga isibhakabhaka kunye nokukwazi ukusabela kwiindwendwe ezizayo, ezingenabuhlobo.
Ngale meko, ukudlula kwe-3I/ATLAS kubonakala ngathi lixesha elibalulekileyo lolawulo lweenkwenkwezi kunye nomngcipheko wesithuba: i-comet engasongeli mntu, kodwa enceda ukulungisa izixhobo eziza kusetyenziselwa ukujonga izinto ezilandelayo ezikufutshane noMhlabaUkusuka eSpain, eYurophu nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, kuthungelwano lwehlabathi olujolise ekushiyeni ibala elingabonakaliyo esibhakabhakeni.