Ngaphantsi kwamanzi ase igophe lecadizKwiimitha ezimbalwa ngaphantsi kolwandle, iqela elincinci leentsholongwane lidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kunokuba lisenokubonakala: ukucothisa ukukhululwa kwe-methane elwandle. Uphando olutsha lwamazwe ngamazwe luchonge inkqubo yendalo yentsholongwane elula kakhulu esebenza njengomqobo wendalo nxamnye nale gesi enamandla yokushisa.
Oku kufunyanisiweyo kugqamisa Intaba-mlilo yodaka lwaseGinsburgEnye yezona zibalaseleyo kule ndawo, le biofilm, ebonakala ngamehlo enyama, yenziwe ziintlobo ezisixhenxe ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane. Nangona ibonakala ilula, olu luntu luyakwazi ukutsala i-methane ukusuka kumhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba ngaphambi kokuba ifike emanzini olwandle, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuhlolweni kwakhona kwendima yezi nkqubo zendalo ekulawuleni imozulu.
Ukufunyanwa okubalulekileyo kwintaba-mlilo yodaka yaseGinsburg
Uphando lwenziwe kwindawo ethile phantsi kolwandle lweGulf of CadizKubunzulu obumalunga neemitha ezili-9,6 ngaphantsi kolwandle, izazinzulu zifumene iqhekeza kwidaka elizaliswe yi-biofilm emdaka omnyama evelele kwindawo engqongileyo kwaye, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinkqubo zeentsholongwane, yenziwe linani elincinci kakhulu leentlobo.
Lo msebenzi, upapashwe kwijenali yesayensi Unxibelelwano lwe-ISMEOlu phononongo lwenziwe liqela lamazwe ngamazwe eliquka iNational Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC) kunye neInstitute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), kunye neMax Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology kunye neYunivesithi yaseBremen. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba indima yezi biofilms ezicwangcisiweyo kulawulo lwendalo lokukhutshwa kwemethane yayingathathelwanga ngqalelo.
Abaphandi bachaza le nkqubo njengohlobo “umsele weentsholongwane” Le nkqubo ivala igesi ngaphambi kokuba isasazeke kwiindawo eziphezulu zedaka, ize, isuke apho iye elwandle. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bekucingelwa ukuba iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa kwe-methane eziqatha kakhulu bezigxile kwezinye iindawo ezineentaba-mlilo zodaka, yiyo loo nto kubalulekile oku kufunyanisiweyo.
Intaba-mlilo yodaka yaseGinsburg, apho olu luntu lwafunyanwa khona, yinxalenye ye ummandla otyebileyo kwi-hydrocarbon yendalo ekhutshwayo kunye nokwakheka kodaka kwiGulf of Cádiz. Ezi ndawo zithathwa njengeelebhu zendalo zokufunda indlela iinkqubo zejoloji nezebhayoloji ezisebenzisana ngayo kumjikelo wemethane.
Iintsholongwane ezisixhenxe kunye noluntu olusebenza kakuhle kakhulu
Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo kolu phando kukuba i-biopic iqulathe kuphela iintlobo ezisixhenxe ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwaneEli linani eliphantsi kakhulu xa lithelekiswa nokwahluka okukhulu okuqhele ukubonwa kwezinye iindawo eziphilayo zaselwandle. Iingcali zikubona kungaqhelekanga ukufumana uluntu oluncinci kangaka kodwa olusebenzayo emhlabeni ongaphantsi komhlaba; olu fumaniso luhambelana nezifundo malunga iintsholongwane ezinokucothisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ngaphezulu kwama-60% alo luntu aphantsi kwe-archaeon esebenzisa i-methane njengomthombo wamandla, ochongiweyo ngaphakathi kolu luhlu. I-ANME-1bEzi archaea zihlala zifumaneka kwiindawo ezinzulu zolwandle kwaye zigxile kwi-anaerobic oxidation ye-methane, inkqubo ephambili yokuthintela le gesi ukuba ingafikeleli kwikholamu yamanzi.
I-archaeon ayisebenzi yodwa: igcina ubudlelwane obusondeleyo nebhaktheriya yeqela I-Seep-SRB1cngokwesiko enxulunyaniswa nokunciphisa i-sulfate. Kule nkqubo, zombini zenza isibini se-metabolic apho i-archaeon i-oxidize i-methane kwaye i-bacterium isebenzisa iikhompawundi ezincitshisiweyo, isebenzisa i-sulfate njenge-electron acceptor yokugqibela yokuphefumla kwayo.
Ngale ndlela, ukutshintshiselana okuqinileyo kwe-metabolic kusekwa phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ezimbini eziphambili, okuvumela sebenzisa i-methane nzulu kwaye basebenzise amandla afumanekayo kangangoko. Kujikeleze esi sibini siphakathi, ezinye iintsholongwane ze-heterotrophic ziyahlelwa, zitya iintsalela kunye nemveliso ephumayo ngexesha lenkqubo.
Ngokutsho kwababhali, olu luntu luncinci lusebenza njenge uthungelwano lwendalo oluncinci noludibeneyoapho phantse yonke into iphinda isetyenziswe. Ukusondelana okubonakalayo phakathi kweentsholongwane kukwanceda iinkqubo ezinokwenzeka zokutshintshiselana kwezakhi zofuzo ezithe tyaba, ezinokuchaphazela ukuvela kwazo kunye nendlela ezi nkqubo zendalo ezicwangciswe ngayo elwandle.
I-biofilm esebenza njengomqobo kwi-methane
IMethane yi igesi yendlu eluhlaza ngesakhono sokufudumala kwehlabathi, esimalunga neminyaka elikhulu, siqikelelwa ukuba sikhulu ngokuphindwe kalishumi kunesekhabhoni dayokhsayidi. Nangona ubukho bayo emoyeni bungaphantsi kobe-CO2, amandla ayo okugcina ubushushu ayenza ibe yinto ebalulekileyo ekulinganiseni imozulu.
Kule meko, ukuqonda indlela iplanethi ngokwayo elawula ngayo ngokwendalo ukukhutshwa kwe-methane okuvela kwi-geological Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Uphononongo lweGulf of Cádiz lubonisa ukuba ezinye ii-biofilms ze-microbial zinokusebenza njengezihluzi zokwenyani, zithintele igesi ngqo kwiindawo apho idibana khona namanzi atyebileyo kwi-sulfate.
Uhlalutyo lwe-geochemical lokuqhekeka kwentaba-mlilo yaseGinsburg lubonisa ukuba i-methane evela ngaphantsi komhlaba isetyenziswa kakhulu yile maleko ye-microbial ngaphambi kokuba ingene kwindawo yolwandle. Lo msebenzi "womqobo webhayoloji" unceda ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwe-methane elwandle, kwaye mhlawumbi, nomoya.
Ukongeza ekulinganiseni olu setyenziso, olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba ezi iibhayofilm ezibonakalayo emehlweni Ezi nkqubo zichazwe izihlandlo ezimbalwa kuphela, nto leyo eqinisa ubume obungaqhelekanga benkqubo efumaneka kwiGulf of Cádiz. Ukudibana kwenani elincinci leentlobo ngeentlobo ezinomsebenzi ophezulu kangaka akuhambelani ngokupheleleyo nomfanekiso wendalo wezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle, ezahluke kakhulu.
Abaphandi bagxininisa ukuba ezi ndawo zisebenza njenge “iifektri zokuphinda zisetyenziswe”apho ikhompawundi nganye ekhutshwayo ngexesha lokudilizwa kwe-methane isetyenziswa ngamanye amalungu e-ecosystem. Ngale ndlela, ukulahleka kwezixhobo kuyancitshiswa kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla afumanekayo kulungiswa kwindawo eneemeko ezithile.
Ukucinga ngokutsha apho ungakhangela khona umsebenzi weentsholongwane
Kuze kube ngoku, izifundo ezininzi malunga iintaba-mlilo zodaka ezingaphantsi kwamanzi Babegxile kwiincopho, ngokusekelwe kwingcamango yokuba uninzi lwemisebenzi yeentsholongwane ezinxulumene ne-methane yayigxile apho. Umsebenzi kwintaba-mlilo yaseGinsburg unzima kancinci ngaloo ndlela.
Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukwaphuka kwe-peripheralIindawo apho ulwelo olutyebileyo lwe-methane luphuma kumxube ongaphantsi komhlaba kunye namanzi agcwele i-sulfate avela kwezinye iileya lunokuba neendawo ezisebenza kakhulu kwi-oxidation yale gesi. Oku kufuna ukuba kwandiswe iindawo zokukhangela xa kufundwa iinkqubo ezilawula ukuphuma kwe-methane.
Kubabhali, imida yeentaba-mlilo zodaka kufuneka iqwalaselwe iindawo ezibalulekileyo ezinomdla kuphando oluzayo malunga nomjikelo we-methane elwandle. Ityala leGulf of Cádiz libonisa ukuba inxalenye yolawulo lwendalo lwale mveliso ikhutshwayo yenzeka kanye kwezi ndawo zingacacanga kangako.
Olu tshintsho kwindlela ebonwa ngayo lunefuthe lesayensi nelisebenzayo. Kwelinye icala, lubonelela ngolwazi olutsha lokuphucula iimodeli eziqikelela ukuba ingakanani i-methane ekhutshwayo elwandle. Kwelinye icala, lunceda ekuchongeni iindawo eziphambili eYurophu apho kusenokubakho iinkqubo ezifanayo ezingekachazwa ngokweenkcukacha.
IGulf of Cádiz, enobuninzi beentaba-mlilo zodaka kunye nokuvuza kwe-hydrocarbon yendalo, ngoko ke ihlanganiswe njenge- indawo yokujonga uphando kwi-biogeochemistry yolwandle kunye ne-microbiology engaphantsi komhlaba, ngokuhambelana ngqo nokufunda imijikelo yemozulu kunye negesi yokufudumala komhlaba.
Xa zizonke, ukufunyanwa kwale biofilm kwintaba-mlilo yodaka yaseGinsburg kugqamisa indlela uluntu olwakhiwe ngayo iintsholongwane ezisixhenxe Ingadlala indima enkulu ngokungalinganiyo ekugcinweni kwe-methane kwiGulf of Cádiz. Kude nemithombo kunye nomphezulu, ezi microbes zisebenza njengenkqubo yendalo yokuzikhusela ekukhutshweni kwale gesi inamandla, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, zinyanzela ukuba kuhlolwe kwakhona ukuba iinkqubo ezilawula ukuphuma kwe-methane emanzini olwandle zijongwa phi kwaye njani.
