El I-European Southern Observatory (ESO) uthathe inyathelo elibalulekileyo kwi khangela ii-exoplanets Ngokuqala kwesigaba sokusebenza seteleskopu yelanga enxulumene ne-ESPRESSO spectrograph eParanal, eChile. Emva kokugqiba ngempumelelo uvavanyo lwayo lokuqala kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokuqinisekiswa ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli, iqela lezenzululwazi liqalise ukulungisa inkqubo ukuze liqalise ngokupheleleyo isigaba sophando.
Esi sixhobo, esaziwa ngokuba I-PoET (i-Paranal Solar ESPRESSO Telescope) I-ESPRESSO Solar Telescope ayenzelwanga ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo ezinye iinkqubo zeeplanethi, kodwa yenzelwe ukujonga iLanga ngokuchanekileyo okukhulu. Injongo kukuqonda indlela umsebenzi wenkwenkwezi yethu otshintsha ngayo ukukhanya ekukhuphayo kunye nendlela loo mpembelelo enokuyenza ngayo imaski okanye ulinganise ubukho beeplanethi ezingaphandle xa ufunda iinkwenkwezi ezikude.
Iteleskopu yelanga enceda abazingeli beeplanethi
EParanal, entliziyweni yeNtlango yaseAtacama, i-ESPRESSO Solar Telescope ine emva kokugqiba isigaba sayo "sokukhanya kokuqala" kunye novavanyo lokuqala phantsi kweliso le-ESO. Ngexesha lokuqwalasela kokuqala, iingcali ziqinisekisile ukuba inkqubo iyakwazi bamba iispektha zombini idiski yelanga yonke kunye neendawo ezithile zomphezulu weLanga.
I-ESO igxininisa ukuba le teleskopu yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunceda abo babiziweyo "Abazingeli be-exoplanets"Nangona ikhomba kuphela kwiLanga, idatha yayo ibalulekile ekuphuculeni iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukubona ihlabathi elijikeleza ezinye iinkwenkwezi, njengoko zivumela ukuveliswa kwakhona kweenkcukacha ezinkulu kwemiphumo yomsebenzi weenkwenkwezi ekukhanyeni.
Ukufunyanwa kwee-exoplanets, ubukhulu becala, kusekelwe kuphononongo olucokisekileyo lwe ukukhanya kwenkwenkwezi yomgciniIzazi ngeenkwenkwezi zikhangela utshintsho oluncinci kwi-spectrum, oko kukuthi, ekuqhekekeni kokukhanya kube yimibala okanye amaza alo. Utshintsho oluncinci kule migca ye-spectral lunokubonisa ubukho beplanethi ejikelezayo.
Ingxaki kukuba iinkwenkwezi, kuquka neLanga, azingomthombo wokukhanya ongashukumiyo: zibonisa amabala, ukuqhuma, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezivelisa imiqondiso yazo. Lo msebenzi unokwenza ukufihla, ukuguqula, okanye ukulinganisa umkhondo weplanethi, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kakhulu ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo.
Esi siphumo singafunwayo saziwa ngokuba "ingxolo" yeenkwenkweziItekhnoloji yangoku ingayilinganisa ngandlela ithile, kodwa ukuyisusa ngokupheleleyo kwi-spectra yeenkwenkwezi ezikude kusengomnye wemingeni ebalaseleyo kwi-astronomy yanamhlanje. Akukaqondwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba uhlobo ngalunye lomsebenzi weenkwenkwezi luguqula njani ukukhanya okufika kwiiteleskopu ekugqibeleni.
Ukufunda iLanga ukuze uqonde iinkwenkwezi ezikude
Ukusombulula le ngxaki ekuqaleni kwayo, le projekthi igxile ukusebenzisa iLanga njengelebhu yokubhekisaNgokungafaniyo neenkwenkwezi ezikude, inkwenkwezi yethu inokubonwa ngokweenkcukacha ezinkulu, ngoko ke abaphandi banokuhlalutya ngokuchanekileyo okwenzekayo kumphezulu wayo ngelixa berekhoda indlela i-spectrum yayo etshintsha ngayo.
I-ESPRESSO Solar Telescope inikezela isisombululo esingazange sibonwe ngaphambili ekuqwalaselweni kwemimandla ethile yeLangaNgenxa yoku, amaqela ophando anokulandelela ukuguquka kwamabala elanga, iindawo ezisebenzayo, okanye iindawo ezizolileyo aze abone indlela nganye etshintsha ngayo uphawu lweenkwenkwezi.
Le nkqubo ivumela ukujongwa ngaxeshanye kwe idiski yelanga epheleleyo kunye neempawu zomntu ngamnye Lo mbono uphindwe kabini, ongowehlabathi kwaye oneenkcukacha, ubalulekile ekusekeni ubudlelwane obunobungakanani phakathi kwezinto ezibonwa kumphezulu weLanga kunye neepateni ezivela kwi-spectrum yalo.
Ngolu lwazi, izazinzulu ziya kukwazi ukwakha iimodeli eziyinyani ngakumbi zomsebenzi weenkwenkwezi kunye nempembelelo yawo ekukhanyeni. Olu lwazi luya kusebenza njenge “ithemplate” yokutolika izinto eziqwalaselweyo ezinye iinkwenkwezi ezineempawu ezifana neLanga, into ebalulekileyo xa kufunwa iiplanethi ezinobukhulu boMhlaba ezijikeleza ngendlela efana neyethu.
UNuno Santos, umphandi ophambili onxulumene nale projekthi, ugxininise ukuba izinto ezifunyenweyo ngale teleskopu yelanga Zinokuba zibalulekile ekufumaneni nasekuchazeni iiplanethi ezingaphandle ezisafihliweyo nanamhlanje ngasemva kwengxolo ebangelwa ziinkwenkwezi ezibaphetheyo.
Izakhono zobugcisa ze-ESPRESSO kunye ne-PoET Solar Telescopes
Intliziyo yale nkqubo yiteleskopu yelanga ezinikeleyo, edityaniswe kwiParanal complex, esebenza ngokubambisana ne-spectrograph. I-ESPRESSO ifakwe kwiTelescope enkulu kakhulu (VLT)Le spectrograph yenye yezona zixhobo zichanekileyo ehlabathini zokulinganisa utshintsho oluncinci ekukhanyeni kweenkwenkwezi.
I-ESPRESSO Solar Telescope, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiPoET kwamanye amaxwebhu, ine- isibuko esiphambili esinobubanzi obungama-60 eesentimithaEli candelo lisetyenziselwa ukujonga iindawo ezithile zomphezulu welanga, njengeendawo ezithile zelanga okanye iindawo ezisebenzayo ezichazwe kakuhle.
Ukongeza kwisibuko esiphambili, le nkqubo ine iteleskopu yesibini encinciInoxanduva lokuqokelela ukukhanya kwidiski yelanga yonke ebonakalayo. Ngale ndlela, ulwazi lwehlabathi jikelele malunga neLanga kunye nolwazi malunga neendawo ezincinci, ezikhethiweyo zifunyanwa ngaxeshanye—indibaniselwano ebalulekileyo yohlobo lohlalutyo oluqhutywayo.
Ukukhanya okubanjwe ziiteleskopu zombini kujikeleziswa kwi-spectrograph ye-ESPRESSO, ekwaziyo ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo utshintsho kwimigca ye-spectral enxulumene nayo. utshintsho oluncinci kwisantya nomsebenzi phezu komhlaba welanga. Olu tshintsho, olunokuthi kwezinye iinkwenkwezi luphazanyiswe njengesiphumo seplanethi ejikelezayo, lufundwa apha phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo.
Ngokusebenza kwiParanal Observatory, le nkqubo ixhamla kwezinye iimeko zomoya ezizinzileyo nezizomileyo kakhuluiimpawu zeNtlango yaseAtacama. Oku kuvumela ukuphuculwa komgangatho wedatha, kokubini kwilanga nasebusuku okwenziwe nge-VLT, kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka okwaziswa ngumoya woMhlaba.
Ukucoca ingxolo ukuze kutyhileke ihlabathi elitsha
Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zale projekthi kukuphuhlisa iindlela ezivumela ukwahlula ngokucacileyo imiqondiso eveliswa yiplanethi kwabo bavela kwinkwenkwezi ngokwayo. Xa inkwenkwezi ibonisa umsebenzi onzima, utshintsho ekukhanyeni kwayo lunokuba namandla kunesiphumo esibangelwa yiplanethi enobukhulu boMhlaba, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukubona ihlabathi elincinci kwiindawo ezihlala abantu.
Ngokufunda ngokucwangcisiweyo indlela uhlobo ngalunye lomsebenzi welanga oluguqulela ngayo kutshintsho oluthile kwi-spectrum, iqela liya kukwazi ukwenza ii-algorithms kunye neemodeli ezinokukwazi ukwenza oku. "thabatha" loo ngxolo ibalaseleyo ngokubona ezinye iinkwenkwezi. Ngamanye amazwi, baya kuzama ukwahlula isignali ecocekileyo kwiplanethi enokwenzeka kwezinye iziphazamiso.
Eli cebo libaluleke kakhulu eYurophu, apho I-ESPRESSO yinxalenye yeziseko ezingundoqo evela kwi-ESO ukuze kufundwe iiplanethi ezingaphandle. Uphuculo ekucutshungulweni kwedatha olufezekisiweyo ngenxa ye-ESPRESSO Solar Telescope luza kusetyenziswa kwiiphulo zokujonga eziqhutywa ngamaqela ophando aseYurophu nakwamanye amazwe ehlabathi.
Ukuba okulindelweyo kuyaqinisekiswa, indibaniselwano yePoET kunye ne-ESPRESSO iya kuvumela yonyusa ukuchaneka okunokufezekiswa ekulinganisweni kwesantya seenkwenkwezi ngemitha, enye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekufumaneni iiplanethi ezingaphandle. Oku kuya kuguqulela ekubeni namandla amakhulu okuchonga iiplanethi ezincinci nezikude, eziye zahlala zifihliwe kwingxolo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Le nkqubela ikwavula ithuba lokuba ngcono ukuchazwa kweeplanethi ezisele zaziwaUkuqonda ngokweenkcukacha igalelo leenkwenkwezi kwisignali iyonke kunceda ekuphuculeni iiparameters ezifana nobunzima okanye ukujikeleza kweeplanethi ezifunyenweyo.
Ngale seti yezixhobo, iParanal iqinisa indima yayo njenge isiqalo seenkwenkwezi zehlabathi Kwaye, ngokungathanga ngqo, ibeka i-Europa kwindawo ephambili kumdyarho wokufumana amazwe anokuba ngabantu abanokuhlalwa ngaphaya kweNkqubo yeLanga.
Ukuqaliswa kwe-ESPRESSO Solar Telescope kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo ne-VLT's ESPRESSO spectrograph kuphawula utshintsho olukhulu ekufuneni ii-exoplanets: ngokutyhila indlela umsebenzi weLanga obumba ngayo ukukhanya kwalo, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ngoku zinemodeli eneenkcukacha ezininzi yokucoca ukubonwa kweenkwenkwezi ezifanayo kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukutyhila iiplanethi ezihlala zifihliwe kwingxolo yeenkwenkwezi kude kube ngoku, nto leyo enika amandla akhethekileyo ekuhloleni ezinye iihlabathi.
