Uphondo lweKapa lwaseChile Ngomnye wemida yokugqibela enyulu eshiyekileyo kwisijikelezi-langa sethu. Esi siza, sabhengezwa njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli ye-UNESCO ngo-2005, siye savela njengomlindi omtsha wokutshintsha kwemozulu, indawo ebalulekileyo apho iziphumo zokufudumala kwehlabathi zinokubonwa ngokwazo.
Ifumaneka kwincam esemazantsi yelizwekazi laseMelika, iCape Horn likhaya layo amanzi acocekileyo ngokukodwa kunye nenye ye amahlathi adlamkileyo ngakumbi lwehlabathi. Lo mmandla ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ukwazile ukubaleka uxinzelelo olumandla lwemisebenzi yabantu, ivumela inkqubo yendalo ukuba ichume ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuqhelekileyo kokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kunye noshishino. Noko ke, phezu kwako nje ukukhuselwa kwayo, ukuguquka kwemozulu sele kuqalile, nto leyo eguqula ukulungelelana kwezityalo nezilwanyana zalo mmandla.
Isazi ngebhayoloji uRicardo Rozzi ngomnye wabaphandi abaphambili abasebenza kwi ICabo de Hornos Biosphere Reserve, apho yena ngokwakhe uye wayichaza le ndawo ngokuthi “yiJurassic Park kuMntla weIkhweyitha.” Nangona kunjalo, njengezinto ezininzi eziphilayo kwihlabathi jikelele, iCape Horn ayikhuselekanga kwiimpembelelo zokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amaqondo obushushu aqalisile ukudlula umyinge wonyaka we-6°C, nto leyo ekhokelele kumjikelo wobomi wangaphambili wezinambuzane ezininzi zasemanzini, ezinjengeempukane ezimnyama. Lo mcimbi uneempembelelo kuwo intlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ichaphazela kakhulu iintaka ezifudukayo ezazidla ngokufumana intabalala yokutya kulo mmandla ngamaxesha okuqandusela izinambuzane.
Iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu ziya zicaca ngakumbi eCape Horn. Kuye kwaqatshelwa a ukwanda kobushushu, ukuncipha kwemvula, nokoma kwemigxobhozo ebalulekileyo. Olu tshintsho lwemozulu alugrogrisi nje kuphela i-ikhosistim yasekhaya, kodwa lukwaphakamisa amathuba okuba iintlobo ezihlaselayo ezisuka kwimimandla esemantla zinokufumana indlela yazo eya kule ndawo yendalo yokuzimela.
Uphando ngefuthe lengxaki yemozulu
Iqela lentatheli evela Mongabay Latam yenze uphando olubanzi ngotshintsho lwemo engqongileyo kule ndawo. Kwingxelo yabo, bachaza indlela iCape Horn eye yafumana ngayo utshintsho olukhulu olunokuthi lunxulunyaniswe ngqo nengxaki yemozulu. Eli qela lahamba ngomkhumbi kwiiyure ze-30 ngokusebenzisa i-fjords yasePatagonia de yafika kwiSiqithi saseNavarino, apho iziphumo zaziyothusa. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukungabikho kwemvula okuphawulekayo, nemigxobhozo ethe yoma ngesantya esothusayo, echaphazela izilwanyana zasendle zasekuhlaleni.
KwiCape Horn Biosphere Reserve, iinzame ezibalulekileyo zenziwe ukuqonda ukuba olu tshintsho luyichaphazela njani na i-ikhosistim. Abaphandi bayayifumanisa loo nto iintlobo zemveli Baphantsi koxinzelelo ngenxa yokwaziswa kwezilwanyana ezincancisayo ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana neebhiva neemink, eziye zashiya indawo yazo yendalo ephilayo yaye zichaphazela izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo.
Kwangaxeshanye, i Iziko laMazwe ngaMazwe laseCape Horn leZifundo zoTshintsho kwiHlabathi liphela kunye noLondolozo lweBiocultural (CHIC) ibiyimfuneko ekubekeni iliso kulo mmandla. Eli ziko, likhokelwa ngumfundi uRicardo Rozzi, lijolise ekufundeni nasekuqondeni indlela i-subantarctic ecosystems esabela ngayo kwingxaki yemozulu. Izikhululo zemozulu ziye zafakelwa kwiindawo ngeendawo zolondolozo lwendalo, nto leyo evumela ukuqokelelwa kolwazi olubalulekileyo ukuze kuqondwe ngokupheleleyo ubungakanani bokutshintsha kwemozulu nokucwangciswa kwamanyathelo afanelekileyo.
Utshintsho kwimimoya ye-hemisphere esemazantsi
Uphononongo lwakutsha nje luveze ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokuziphatha kwe-Southern Hemisphere Winds (SHW) kunye nobudlelwane babo nemozulu yommandla. Uhlalutyo lwejoloji kunye ne-geochemical yentlenga yechibi elikufutshane ne-Cape Horn yenze ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukuphinda kuqulunqwe indlela yokuziphatha kwale mimoya kwisithuba seminyaka eyi-11,000 edlulileyo. Uphononongo, lupapashwe kwi Unxibelelwano noMhlaba neNdalo, ibonisa ukuba imimoya esemazantsi e-hemisphere itshintshile ngamandla kunye nesikhundla, esinokuthi sichaze imeko efana nefuthe lokufudumala kwehlabathi kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.
Olu lwazi olutsha lubalulekile, njengoko lubonisa ukuba ngexesha leHolocene yokuqala, imimoya yatshintshelwa emazantsi kunendawo yayo yangoku, enokuthi iphindwe kwixesha elizayo ukuba ukufudumala kwehlabathi kuyaqhubeka. Abaphandi bachonge amaxesha amathathu aphambili kwimbali yale mimoya:
- Imimoya ebuthathaka kunye nobukho obunokwenzeka beentaka zolwandle (iminyaka eyi-11,000 - 10,000 eyadlulayo): Ngexesha lesi sigaba, izikhombisi zomoya zibonise impembelelo encinci evela kwi-SHW.
- Obona bunzima be-SHW (iminyaka eyi-10,000 - 7,500 eyadlulayo): Ukwanda okumandla kwamandla omoya kuye kwaphawulwa, okuchaphazela kakhulu idike.
- Uzinziso lwe-SHW (iminyaka engama-7,500 eyadlulayo - ngoku): Emva kweli xesha, imimoya yaqalisa ukuzinza kwaye ifudukela emantla.
Ezi ziphumo ziyaxhalabisa, njengoko zicebisa ukuba Ukuqina kwemimoya kunokukhokelela ekomeni okwandisiweyo kwimimandla ye-Hemisphere eseMazantsi, ukutshabalalisa ishelufu yomkhenkce ye-Antarctic kunye nokuguqula ukujikeleza kolwandle, okunokukhawulezisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ukubeka iliso kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-ikhosistim
Ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo, ixesha elide kweenkqubo ze-ikholoji kwi-Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve kubalulekile. NgokukaFrancisca Massardo, umlawuli we-CHIC, oku kubeka iliso kubalulekile ekuboneni utshintsho ekufudukeni kwezilwanyana kunye nokulingana kwendalo. Injongo kukufumana idatha eya kuvumela kuphela ukugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo, kodwa kunye nophuhliso lwezicwangciso zolawulo oluzinzileyo oluthathela ingqalelo iimpawu ezizodwa zommandla, njengoko kuxoxiwe kumxholo we emazantsi eChile kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Uthungelwano lokubeka iliso eCape Horn lubandakanya iindawo ezine zobuchule, nganye kuzo ivumela ukuqokelelwa kwedatha ngemvula, umoya, ukufuma, kunye namaqondo obushushu, izinto eziguquguqukayo eziyimfuneko ekuqondeni imeko yokutshintsha kwemozulu kulo mmandla ubuthathaka. Lo msebenzi ungqanyaniswa nemfuno yokukhusela nokufunda okusingqongileyo kwiCape Horn Biosphere Reserve, eyilabhoratri yendalo yokuqonda ifuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ngaphaya koko, iCape Horn Biosphere Reserve yamkelwa ngokwahlukileyo kwizinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kubulembu ukuya kwilebhu, kwaye ingqineke iyilabhoratri yendalo yokufunda iimpendulo zenkqubo yokuphilisana kwendalo kwizenzo zomntu kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Olu phando alunampembelelo kuphela kulondolozo lwengingqi kodwa lukwanefuthe lehlabathi, nto leyo eyenza iCape Horn ibe luphawu lophononongo lokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Impembelelo yale ngxaki yemozulu ivakala kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, kwaye uluntu lwezenzululwazi lujongene nomngeni wokufumana izisombululo ezisebenzayo. Inxalenye yezi zisombululo ibandakanya ukufundisa nokwazisa uluntu lwasekuhlaleni ngokubaluleka balondoloze i-ikhosistim kunye ne-biodiversity yabo ukuba babambe, nto leyo iguqulela ekuqondeni ngcono ukubaluleka kwe ulondolozo kwiindawo ezifana neCape Horn.
Ikamva le-Cape Horn
Njengoko imeko yemozulu iqhubela phambili, ikamva leCape Horn aliqinisekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ngomsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo wabaphandi, abafundisi, kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, kukho ithemba lokuba izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zinokuphuhliswa ukunciphisa imiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Indibaniselwano yenzululwazi kunye nemfundo ngundoqo ekukhuseleni ezi nkqubo zibuthathaka.
Imeko engqonge iCape Horn sisikhumbuzo esicacileyo sokuba nezona ndawo zikhuselweyo emhlabeni azikhuselekanga kumandla okutshintsha kwemozulu. Amava aqokelelweyo kunye nezifundo ezifundwe kulo mmandla zinokubonelela ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nendlela uluntu kunye ne-ecosystems kwihlabathi jikelele ezinokuziqhelanisa ngayo nekamva elingaqinisekanga.
Umsebenzi wokukhusela nokufunda iCape Horn ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ngumngeni omkhulu, kodwa intsebenziswano phakathi kwenzululwazi, uluntu, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni inika ithemba elikhokelela kulondolozo lwendalo kwihlabathi elijongene neenguqu ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili.
