Inkanyamba Irma ayizange ibangele umonakalo omkhulu wezinto eziphathekayo kwaye yathatha ubomi babantu abangama-58, kodwa yacima ngokoqobo Iziqithi zeentombi ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba Umbala omhle oluhlaza esasiqhele ukuwubona uthatyathelw’ indawo ngumdaka otshabalalisayo. Olu tshintsho lombala lububungqina bokutshatyalaliswa kwenkanyamba, enye yezona zinamandla kwimbali yakutshanje. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nempembelelo yale nkanyamba, unokufunda malunga nayo I-Hurricane Irma njengenye yezona zinamandla kwimbali.
Irma, kunye nemimoya ephezulu ye 295 km / h kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci lwe I-914 mbar, emva kwayo yashiya umzila wentshabalalo oquka inyambalala yamakhaya adiliziweyo, imithi ediliziweyo, kunye nenani eliphawulekayo labantu abaphulukene nayo yonke into ababenayo. Njengoko kudla ngokuba njalo kwezi meko, Olona luntu lusemngciphekweni lubandezeleke kakhulu, mhlawumbi ngenxa yemeko yabo yezoqoqosho okanye ngenxa yokuba bekwindlela yenkanyamba. Amava enkanyamba nawo afanekisela ukufika kwe UMaria emva kokudlula kwe-Irma, ebonise ukuba sesichengeni kwalo mmandla kwizehlo zemozulu ezigqithisileyo. Ngokufanayo, ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-Irma kunye iinkanyamba ezintsha eziye zachaphazela ummandla kufanelekile ukukhankanywa.
Ubukhulu bale ntlekele babonakala xa inkanyamba yaqalisa ukusuka kulo mmandla, isingise ngasemdeni. EUnited States apho lathi ekugqibeleni laqalisa ukuba buthathaka. Njengoko iividiyo kunye neengxelo zabelwana ngazo kumaqonga eendaba ezentlalo, nomphakathi, ihlabathi libone impembelelo eyintlekele eyaba nayo uIrma kulo mmandla. Ukongeza, i Umfanekiso woMhlaba oSebenzayo (OLI) ukusuka kwisathelayithi yeNASA Indawo 8 imifanekiso ethathiweyo eyashiya abaninzi bebambe ongezantsi; IZiqithi zaseVirgin zibonakale zimdaka endaweni yohlaza, nto leyo ebonisa utshintsho olukhulu kwi-ecosystem.
Esinye sezizathu ezibangela olu tshintsho lombala kukuba Uhlaza lwalungakwazi ukumelana nomoya ovuthuzayo lwaza lwancothulwa.. Izityalo ezikwiitropikhi, ngaphandle nje kwezimbalwa, azinazo iingcambu ezomeleleyo ngokwaneleyo ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nemimoya elolo hlobo. Ngenxa yokuba iinkanyamba zenza minyaka le, izityalo azinalo ixesha lokukhula nokumilisela iingcambu nzulu emhlabeni, ngokungafaniyo nemithi efana nemithi. oki (UQuercus robur) okanye umthi wompayina okhule ngakumbi. Ngaphandle koko, Ityuwa yolwandle erhuqwa sisitshingitshane emhlabeni itshisa amagqabi, enegalelo ekufeni kwezityalo ezininzi kulo mmandla. Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi ngezinye iinkanyamba ezitshabalalisayo, ungandwendwela inqaku ezona nkanyamba zitshabalalisayo kule minyaka yakutshanje.
Ngethamsanqa, iNkanyamba i-Irma iye yathotywa yaba sisitshingitshane, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ayisayi kuphinda ibangele nawuphi na umonakalo. Nangona kunjalo, Ukubuyiselwa kweZiqithi zaseVirgin kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuya kuthatha ixesha; Uqikelelo lucebisa ukuba kungathatha iiveki okanye iminyaka ukuba ummandla uphinde uphile ngokupheleleyo kule ntlekele. Ukuqonda le nkqubo yokubuyisela, unokubonisana imeko yangoku malunga neNkanyamba i-Irma.
Impembelelo kwiZiqithi zaseVirgin
Imiphumo emibi ye-Irma yavakala ngokukhawuleza kwiiVirgin Islands, apho i- urhulumente wasekhaya kwafuneka ijongane nengxaki yobuntu ngexesha lokwenyani. Umonakalo oxhaphakileyo kwiziseko ezingundoqo, eziquka izibhedlele, iindlela, kunye nezibonelelo zikaxakeka, zaxelwa. Ngaphaya koko, kuqikelelwa ukuba imeko ibimaxongo kwiindawo ezinje IPuerto Rico kunye neZiqithi zaseVirgin, ebonisa ubunzima bempembelelo kummandla. Ungajonga i iinkcukacha malunga neNkanyamba uMaria ukuqonda ngcono umxholo wentlekele.
Abasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni kunye nemibutho yoncedo bebesebenza ngokuzimisela ukunika ufikelelo ukutya, amanzi acocekileyo kunye nekhusi kwabo balahlekelwe yinto yonke. Imeko yayimaxongo; Iintsapho ezininzi zazikwiindawo zokufihla intloko zokwexeshana, ngoxa amatsha-ntliziyo asuka ehlabathini lonke enenxaxheba ekuhlanguleni nasekunikeleni uncedo. Le mpendulo yobuntu ibe ngundoqo ekunciphiseni ukubandezeleka kwabantu abachaphazelekayo.
Iinyani zeNkanyamba Irma
Inkanyamba i-Irma yenziwe kwi IAtlantic ngoSeptemba 2017, ngokukhawuleza ukufikelela kwiCandelo 5 kwisikali Saffir-Simpson. Yaba sesinye sezona nkanyamba zinamandla kwimbali erekhodiweyo, zifikelela kwimimoya ezinzileyo ukuya kuthi ga 295 km / h. Ngezantsi zezona nyaniso zibalulekileyo malunga ne-Irma:
- Yachaphazela ngqo amazwe afana eBarbuda, eSaint Martin nasePuerto Rico.
- Ubuncinci zixeliwe Kusweleke ama-58 ngenxa yenkanyamba.
- Ubungakanani balo monakalo buqikelelwa kwiibhiliyoni zeerandi, nto leyo ebonisa intlekele eyehlelayo.
- Ngaphezulu 1,2 yezigidi zabantu zachatshazelwa yimiphumo yayo, apho imfuneko yoncedo loluntu yathi yangxamiseka.
U-Irma wayebekwe esweni ngokusondeleyo IZiko leNkanyamba leLizwe evela eUnited States, enika ulwazi rhoqo kwindlela yesitshingitshane kunye nobunzulu. I-trajectory ye-Irma yakhokelela ekubeni ingachaphazeli kuphela iiVirgin Islands, kodwa nayo iPuerto Rico, apho kubangele ukucima okukhulu kombane kunye nomonakalo omkhulu kwiziseko ezingundoqo. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela le ntlekele eyenzeka ngayo, ungabonisana imiphumo yeNkanyamba uMaria, eyaqhubeka isenza nzulu le ntlekele kummandla weCaribbean.
EPuerto Rico, kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphezu Isigidi esinye sabantu Bashiyeke bengenambane namanzi okusela, nto leyo eyayenza yanzima ngakumbi imeko. Impendulo yorhulumente wasePuerto Rican, kunye noncedo lwaseburhulumenteni oluvela eUnited States, yayikukuphumeza izicwangciso zongxamiseko, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kweejenereyitha kunye nokusekwa kweendawo zokuhlala zexeshana kwabo bachaphazelekayo. La manyathelo ebebalulekile ekujonganeni nengxaki yoluntu ebangelwe yinkanyamba.
Zazilungiselela njani iiVirgin Islands?
Ukulungiselela ngundoqo wokufika kwenkanyamba yolu bukhulu. Ngaphambi kokufika kuka-Irma, i ISebe loLawulo lweNgxakeko KwiZiqithi zaseVirgin, izicwangciso zonxunguphalo sele ziqalisile ukuphunyezwa, kuquka:
- Ukukhutshwa okunyanzelekileyo kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu.
- Ukusekwa kwe iindawo zokuhlala zethutyana kunye namaziko oncedo.
- Ukuhanjiswa kwezinto eziyimfuneko ezifana nokutya namanzi kubemi abasesichengeni.
Nangona kunjalo, nangona iinzame zangaphambili, abaninzi babanjwe kwi-maelstrom yenkanyamba, benciphisa ukusebenza kwempendulo yokuqala. Iimeko zemozulu ezibi kakhulu zenza ukufikelela kwezinye iindawo kube nzima, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube nzima ukulungiselela amaqela ohlangulo. Unokuba nomdla wokufunda ngakumbi malunga iimangrove njengokhuseleko lwendalo, enokunceda ukunciphisa impembelelo yeenkanyamba kwixesha elizayo.
Izifundo ezifunyenwe ku-Irma
Ukutshatyalaliswa okubangelwa ngu-Irma kwashiya izifundo ezibalulekileyo kuluntu lwaseCaribbean malunga nokubaluleka kokulungiswa kweentlekele zendalo zolu bukhulu. Ezinye zezona zifundo zibalulekileyo ziquka:
- Ukubaluleka kwemfundo yoluntu kwi ukulungela inkanyamba.
- Imfuneko yokutyala imali kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezikwaziyo ukumelana neentlekele zendalo, ezinokunciphisa umonakalo kwixesha elizayo.
- Intsebenziswano phakathi koorhulumente basekhaya kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente ukuququzelela uncedo olukhawulezayo nolusebenzayo ngexesha lentlekele.
Ngenxa yamava kunye ne-Irma, izicwangciso zongxamiseko ziye zahlaziywa kwaye zaphuculwa kwiziqithi ezininzi zeCaribbean. Uluntu luthatha indlela ekhawulezileyo yokulungiselela iinkanyamba kunye nezinye iintlekele zendalo, beqonda ukuba ubomi babantu abaninzi bunokuxhomekeka ekuzimiseleni kwabo ukuthatha amanyathelo phambi kokuba kuqalise intlekele. Funda ngakumbi malunga ixesha lenkanyamba lika-2017 ukuqonda ngcono imeko yentlekele kulo mmandla.
Ukubuyiswa kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona
Emva kweNkanyamba i-Irma, inkqubo yokubuyisela kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona ide kwaye inzima. Imifanekiso yenkxwaleko ibonise izakhiwo ezitshatyalalisiwe, izitalato ezigcwele amanzi, kunye noluntu lonke lugxothiwe. Kwiindawo ezininzi, ukubuyiswa kokuqala kuye kwenzeka ngenxa yemigudu yentsebenziswano yamavolontiya, imibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente, kunye nenkxaso ye-federal. Intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe nayo ibalulekile kula maxesha anzima.
Las iminikelo kunye nenkxaso yamazwe ngamazwe idlale indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo. Imibutho efana ne OMvulo kunye namanye amaqela oncedo aye ahamba phambili, anikezela ngezibonelelo eziyimfuneko ezifunekayo kwabo bachaphazelekayo. Ngale ndlela, unokuphanda ngakumbi malunga Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nobudlelwane bayo nobunzulu benkanyamba, njengoko oku kuyinkxalabo ekhulayo yommandla weCaribbean.
Ngexesha elide, iiVirgin Islands sele ziqalile ukucwangcisa ukwakhiwa kwakhona okungagcini nje ukubuyisela oko kulahlekileyo, kodwa kuqwalaselwe uzinzo kwindalo esingqongileyo kunye nokomelela kwiintlekele ezizayo. Oku kuquka iziseko ezingundoqo, ukubuyiselwa kwenkqubo yendalo, kunye namanyathelo okukhusela abemi kwiinkanyamba ezizayo.
