ISpain lelinye lawona mazwe asemngciphekweni woku kutshintsha kwe mozulu, kwaye ukwangomnye wabo benza kancinane ukujongana nayo. Ngesi sizathu, izixeko ezininzi zaseSpain, ezinje ngeBarcelona, iMadrid, iValencia, iZaragoza, iBadalona, iAlcalá de Henares neFuenlabrada bayichasile imeko ngemanifesto.
E, urhulumente ophakathi kulindeleke ukuba athathe amanyathelo angxamisekileyo ukuze ilizwe likwazi ukuzilungiselela iinguqu ezizayoKuba ukuba siqhubeka ngaphandle kokwenza nantoni na, kunokwenzeka ukuba ngomso sizakubaneziphumo zokungakhathali abo bakhokele ilizwe abanalo ngalo mzuzu.
Izixeko zezona zingcolisa kakhulu, zivelise iipesenti ezingama-70 zokukhutshwa kwegesi ekrwada, kwaye kwimeko yaseSpain, ngabo kuphela ukuza kuthi ga ngoku abathathe amanyathelo okulwa ukutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngesi sizathu, iBhunga lesiXeko saseBarcelona linyanzelisa ukuba azisayi kuba luncedo ukuba azikhatshwa zizenzo ezimiselweyo nezingxamisekileyo kwicala likarhulumente ophakathi.
Imanifesto yeZenzo zeMozulu », isihloko esinikwe uxwebhu, lifuna oko uRhulumente uqulunqa iqhinga lokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nezibophelelo eziqhubekayo ze-2020, 2030 kunye ne-2050 ukufikelela kwimeko apho akusekho mfuneko yokusebenzisa amafutha e-fossil. Ngale ndlela, sinokubona ukuba amanyathelo afana nalawo acetywayo Ukuba sesichengeni kweSpain kutshintsho lwemozulu ziya ziyimfuneko ngakumbi.
Kwakhona Bacela umthetho wokutshintsha kwemozulu "eqaphela ukuba kukho izizathu zomzimba, izixhobo, kunye nezobugcisa ezinciphisa ukutshintshwa nje kwamafutha e-fossil ngamandla ahlaziyekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe iimeko ezivumela ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint ukuya kwinqanaba kunye nexesha elifunekayo," kuba uRhulumente weSizwe ngoku uthintela ukuzivelisa kunye nokukhuthaza amandla avuselelekayo. Amanyathelo angxamisekileyo kufuneka abandakanye umthetho owomeleleyo ukuxhasa olu tshintsho, olufana nalolo lucetywayo ukuziqhelanisa nezityalo kutshintsho lwemozulu nangaphakathi umahluko phakathi kokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Namhlanje, kungxamiseke kakhulu ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo angqingqwa nasebenzayo: I-45% yeendawo eziphambili zokuphilisana kwendalo zikwimeko embi kwaye i-80% yommandla ijongene namanqanaba ahlukeneyo omngcipheko wokuba yintlango ngaphambi kokuphela kwenkulungwane. Kulo mxholo, idatha yemozulu iya isoyikisa ngakumbi, njengoko kuphawuliwe iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kwixesha elizayo.
Ezi zilumkiso zisekelwe kwidatha eyoyikisayo malunga nemiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kuluntu lwaseSpeyin. Umzekelo, amaza obushushu aye axhaphaka kwaye abukhali, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ehlotyeni lika-2023 ngaphezulu kwe Abantu abangama-2.000 XNUMX bafa eSpeyin ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu. Le meko iya isiba maxongo, ngakumbi kwimeko apho, ngokwengxelo yamva nje ye-IPCC, ukufudumala kwe-1.5 degrees celsius kulindeleke ukuba kufikelelwe kwiminyaka ezayo ukuba akuthathwa izigqibo ngokungxama, njengoko kungqinwa lihlabathi. izikhukhula ezizayo.
Oku kunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu akuchaphazeli impilo yabantu kuphela, kodwa nemveliso yezolimo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Abalimi sele bexela isivuno esiphantsi, kwaye ilahleko yezityalo ngumngcipheko ofihlakeleyo obeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lokutya kwabemi. Impembelelo kwi-ikhosistim iyingozi kakhulu: 40% ukuya ku-70% yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zinokunyamalala ukuba iinzame ezibalulekileyo awenziwanga ukunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indima ye-ikhosistim ekomeleleni kwemozulu, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ku iilebhu zendalo eSpain nangaphakathi utyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo zohlaza.
Le meko ayiphelelanga eSpeyin. Ehlabathini lonke, ukuxinana kweCO2 kwi-atmosfera ifikelele kumanqanaba embali, edlula i 424 ppm, obangela iziphumo ezithe ngqo ezifana nokufudumala kolwandle, ukunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle kunye neziganeko zemozulu ezibi kakhulu. I ukuba yintlango, imbalela, izikhukula kunye nezaqhwithi Ezi zezinye zeziphumo eziye zibonakala ngakumbi nangakumbi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi kwaye, ngakumbi, kwiMeditera, njengoko kubonisiwe kwizifundo malunga. Iintlango ezisengozini ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ngesi sizathu, i I-SDG 13 ye-UN, efuna isenzo semozulu, iba yinjongo esisiseko. Le njongo igxile ekudibaniseni utshintsho lwemozulu njengomba ophambili kwimigaqo-nkqubo, izicwangciso, kunye nezicwangciso zamazwe, amashishini, kunye noluntu, ukuphucula impendulo kule ngxaki yehlabathi. Ukuzinikela kwamazwe ukusebenzisana ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokukhuthaza imfundo yokutshintsha kwemozulu phakathi kwabemi ngumsebenzi owela kwisizwe ngasinye.
Icandelo labucala likwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kumlo ochasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Iinkampani kufuneka zithathe amanyathelo okunciphisa i-carbon footprint ngokuqhuba inguqu kumandla avuselelekayo kwimisebenzi yabo kunye nokukhuthaza imodeli yokuvelisa ezinzileyo. Olu tshintsho alunanzuzo kuphela kokusingqongileyo, kodwa lunokubangela ukuba kubekho imodeli yoqoqosho esebenzayo nenengeniso. Ngaloo ndlela, i utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nobudlelwane bayo nomsebenzi womntu kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwizicwangciso zoshishino, ngokunjalo izityalo kunye nokuba sesichengeni kwazo.
Ukubaluleka kwentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe ekulweni nokutshintsha kwemozulu akunakujongelwa phantsi. Ulwamkelo lwakutsha nje lwe Isivumelwano saseDubai kwi COP 28, efuna ukuphinda kathathu umthamo wamandla ahlaziyekayo kwihlabathi ngo-2030, kunye nokuzinikela ekuphumezeni i-net-zero ekhutshwayo ngo-2050 yimizekelo yendlela amazwe kufuneka ahlangane ngayo ukujongana nalo mngeni wehlabathi kunye. Ukufumana izisombululo ezisebenzayo ngumsebenzi osezandleni zoluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, njengoko kucacisiwe kwi ingqungquthela yemozulu entsha eBonn.
Ukutshintshela kwimodeli yezoqoqosho enekhabhoni ephantsi ayiyomfuneko nje kuphela, kodwa ikwalithuba lokudala imisebenzi kunye nokukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Utyalo-mali kubuchwephesha obucocekileyo kunye neeprojekthi ezizinzileyo zinokuvula imida emitsha yoqoqosho, ekhokelela kwikamva elizinzileyo nelinobulungisa. Kubalulekile ukuba zombini ulawulo lukarhulumente kunye necandelo loshishino ziseke izicwangciso ezibeka phambili uzinzo, njengoko kucetywayo kwi uphononongo kwizixeko ezisemngciphekweni.
Enyanisweni, amaphulo afana ne Uhlobo olutsha olutsha ISpanishi, efuna ukuguqula uqoqosho oluya kuzinzo olukhulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ihambelana neemfuno zangoku zeplanethi. Oku akubandakanyi kuphela ukujongana nokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, kodwa nokuqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho lwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo, kungashiyi mntu ngasemva. I Inguqu kwezolimo nayo ibalulekile.
La manyathelo avula indlela yokubuyiselwa kwemekobume yendalo eyonakeleyo, ekhuthaza uqoqosho olujikelezayo olunganciphisi nje impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kodwa luvelise amathuba amatsha ezoqoqosho. Iiprojekthi zokubuyiselwa kweendawo zokuhlala kunye nekhonkco lobonelelo oluzinzileyo zibalulekile ekufezekiseni le njongo.
Ubungakanani bengxaki yokutshintsha kwemozulu bufuna impendulo ekhawulezileyo neqinisekileyo. Ukuphelisa intlupheko kunye nokudala uphuhliso oluzinzileyo ngamacala amabini engqekembe enye. Ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu kukwabandakanya ukujongana nemiba yobulungisa boluntu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba awona maqela asesichengeni awakhathazwa yimiphumo yale ngxaki. Ukongeza, kuyimfuneko ukwamkela Izixhobo ezitsha zokuqonda iimpawu zokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Imfundo kunye nokwazisa zizixhobo ezinamandla zokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukususela kumaphulo okwazisa uluntu ukuya ekuphunyezweni kweenkqubo zemfundo ezikolweni, kubalulekile ukuba zonke izizukulwana ziqonde ukungxamiseka kokuthatha inyathelo. Kungale ndlela kuphela esinokuhlakulela inkcubeko yokuba nembopheleleko ngemekobume yethu size siqinisekise ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo zisizuz’ ilifa isijikelezi-langa esinokuhlala kuso.
Noko ke, ixesha liyaphela. Idatha iyothusa kwaye uqikelelo alukhuthazi. Ukuba sifuna ukunqanda ukuwa kwe-ikhosistim kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, kubalulekile ukuba izisombululo ziphunyezwe ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo. Izixeko kufuneka zenze utyalo-mali kwiziseko eziluncedo, ukukhuthaza uthutho oluzinzileyo kunye nokuhamba ezidolophini okubeka phambili abantu ngaphezu kwezithuthi ezingcolisekileyo.
Ngoko ke, kunyanzelekile ukuba abemi bazibandakanye ngokukhutheleyo kukhangelo lwezisombululo kutshintsho lwemozulu. Oku kunokubandakanya izenzo ezizinzileyo zemihla ngemihla, ezifana ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye namanzi, ukuthatha inxaxheba kumalinge asekuhlaleni akhuthaza indlela yokuphila yendalo. Ukuzibandakanya koluntu yinjini enokuthi iqhube utshintsho kuluntu nakwinqanaba lesizwe. Imeko ye IJamani ikwabonakalisa le mingeni.
Kubalulekile ukuba oorhulumente kunye noluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe bathathe amanyathelo asebenzayo nabambekayo ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo enciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili, ukukhuthaza amandla ahlaziyekayo, kunye nokutyala imali kubuchwepheshe obucocekileyo ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo ekumele athathwe. Ngaphezulu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba la manyathelo athathela ingqalelo ulingano nobulungisa kwezentlalo.
Kuphela ngenkqubo ebanzi kunye nentsebenziswano apho sinokuthi silungise ngokufanelekileyo omnye weyona mingeni mikhulu yexesha lethu. Imbali iya kusigweba ngezenzo zethu zangoku kunye nezigqibo zethu. Njengoko singena kwikamva elingaqinisekanga, kufuneka sithwale uxanduva kwaye senze oko ukuze kuxhamle iplanethi noluntu lwethu. Ixesha lokuthatha amanyathelo ngoku.
