Urhulumente ugqibe ekubeni athathe inyathelo elingaphezulu ekulweni iziganeko zemozulu egqithisileyo kunye neentlekele zemvelo ukuthembela kubuchwepheshe besithuba, ukuqonda imiphumo yotshintsho lwemozulu Zilinganiswa ngcono kakhulu ukusuka kwindawoINkulumbuso, uPedro Sánchez, utyhile utyalo-mali olukhulu lukarhulumente olujolise ekuphuculeni amandla okuqikelela nokuphendula kwimililo, izikhukula, iimbalela, kunye nezinye iziganeko zemozulu eziqhubekayo neziyingozi.
Kwimeko ephawulwe yimeko engxamisekileyo yemozulu kunye nesidingo sokuba Ulwazi oluchanekileyo phantse ngoko nangoko malunga noko kwenzekayo kuloo mmandlaISpain izibophelele ekuqiniseni ubukho bayo esibhakabhakeni ngeqela elitsha lokujonga uMhlaba, eliyilelwe ukubonelela ngedatha esemgangathweni kakhulu kwiinkonzo zongxamiseko, ii-arhente zikarhulumente, kunye namacandelo aphambili ezoqoqosho, ngokuhambelana namanye amanyathelo afanayo. iiprojekthi zeenkwenkwezi.
Izigidi ezingama-325 zeesathelayithi ezintathu ze-ESCA+ Atlantic Constellation
Ngexesha lentlanganiso yesithandathu yeForam yezoQoqosho eququzelelwe yi-elDiario.es, ebibanjelwe eMadrid, uPedro Sánchez ubhengeze ukuqaliswa okuzayo kwe- isicelo seziphakamiso nge-European Space Agency (ESA) ukuphuhlisa oko kubizwa ngokuba yiAtlantic Constellation yeesathelayithi, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ESCA+. Eli phulo libona ukwabiwa kwe I-325 yezigidi zeerandi zabelwe ukwakhiwa kweesathelayithi ezintsha ezintathu.
Ezi zixhobo ziza kuyilwa ukuqinisa amandla okuphendula kwiimeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo kunye neengxaki zokusingqongileyoOku kuya kufezwa ngokuthumela idatha yexesha langempela kwiiarhente ezijongene nolawulo lwengxamiseko kunye nocwangciso lokusetyenziswa komhlaba. Ingcinga kukuba iSpain nePortugal zibe nesixhobo sazo sokujonga uMhlaba esiqinileyo esigxile kwindawo yazo yejografi.
Umongameli ugxininise ukuba le projekthi yinxalenye yotshintsho lwesakhiwo soqoqosho lwaseSpain oluqhutywa yi Ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, ukutshintsha kunye nesicwangciso sokuqina, ejonge ukuphucula ilaphu elivelisayo ngokusebenzisa idijithali, utshintsho lwamandla kunye nokukhuthaza isayensi kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha.
Ngokwemithombo karhulumente, olu tyalo-mali luyinxalenye yomzamo obanzi wokuhlanganisa icandelo leenqwelo-moya njengendawo ebalulekileyo ISpain ifumene udumo kweli candelo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Eli phulo liza kongeza kwezinye iinkqubo zokujonga uMhlaba zaseYurophu, kodwa ligxile kakhulu kulawulo lomngcipheko wemozulu kunye neentlekele zemvelo.
Yintoni i-ESCA+ Atlantic Constellation kwaye zeziphi iindawo eza kukhonza kuzo?
I-ESCA+ Atlantic Constellation ichazwa njengeprojekthi ye Ukujonga umhlaba kugxile kwiSiqingatha sase-IberiaYenzelwe ukubonelela ngemifanekiso kunye nokulinganisa okuphezulu kweSpain nePortugal, le nkqubo ayipheleli nje "ekujongeni phezulu," kodwa imalunga nokufumana ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ezininzi noluqhelekileyo oluvumela ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ngokukhawuleza nangokunolwazi.
Ngenxa yezi sathelayithi zintathu, injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuphinda ujonge kwakhona rhoqoOku kuthetha ukuba indawo efanayo kulo mmandla inokubonwa ngamaxesha amafutshane kakhulu. Oku kubalulekile ekulandeleni ukuguquka komlilo osebenzayo, ukujonga izikhukula zequbuliso, okanye ukulandelela ukuqhubela phambili kwembalela ende.
Imodeli ye-ESCA+ idityaniswe kwisicwangciso sentsebenziswano esibanzi eYurophu, esisekelwe kwi inkqubo yendalo yeqela apho ilizwe ngalinye linikela khona ngesathelayithi enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwaye wonke umntu wabelana ngedatha, indlela intsebenziswano kwiinkwenkweziNgale ndlela, iqela leenkwenkwezi liza kuncedisa kwiinjongo zenkqubo ye-ERS ye-ESA kwaye liza kuhambelana nesicwangciso seKhomishini yaseYurophu se-EOGS (iNkqubo yoRhulumente yokuJongwa koMhlaba), liqinisa ubukhosi baseYurophu kwidatha yokuJongwa koMhlaba.
Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukuba idatha eveliswe yi-constellation ayizukunceda kuphela ulawulo oluphambili, kodwa kunye noluntu oluzimeleyo, amaziko asekuhlaleni, kwaye apho kufanelekileyo, amanye amaqabane aseYurophu athatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo yentsebenziswano yokubeka esweni okusingqongileyo kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko.
Izicelo: ukusuka kwimililo nezikhukula ukuya kwezolimo nembalela
Enye yezinto ezibalaseleyo kule nkqubo kukusetyenziswa okucwangcisiweyo kolwazi oluqokelelwe ziisathelayithi. Ngokutsho kukarhulumente, ukusasazwa kwe-ESCA+ kuya kuvumela ukusebenzisa idatha kumacandelo anobuzaza njengeemeko zikaxakeka, ukhuseleko loluntu kunye nolawulo lwezixhobo zendalo.
Kwicandelo lokhuseleko loluntu, iqela leenkwenkwezi liza kusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukufunyanwa nokubekwa esweni kwangethuba yemililo yamahlathikunye nokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza ubungakanani bamalangabi, indlela asasazeka ngayo, kunye neendawo ezichaphazeleka kakhulu. Olu lwazi lunokuba lubalulekileyo xa kucwangciswa izixhobo zokulwa nomlilo kunye nokufuduswa kwabantu.
Kwiimeko ze izikhukula okanye ukuchithekaImifanekiso enesisombululo esiphezulu iza kusetyenziselwa ukubona ngokuchanekileyo ukuba zeziphi iindawo ezikhukuliswe ngamanzi, indlela amanzi atshintsha ngayo, kunye nendawo apho ungcoliseko lusasazeka khona, nto leyo eza kwenza kube lula ukwenza izigqibo malunga nokuhlangula, ukuvalwa kweendlela, kunye nokukhuselwa kweziseko ezibalulekileyo.
Ezolimo nazo ziya kuba ngomnye wabaxhamli abaphambili. Iisathelayithi ziya kuvumela ukujonga ngokweenkcukacha izityaloOku kuya kunceda abalimi kunye noorhulumente abanoxanduva lweCommon Agricultural Policy (CAP). Ngale datha, kuya kuba nokwenzeka ukujonga imeko yezityalo, ukubona uxinzelelo lwamanzi okanye izinambuzane, kunye nokulungisa izibonelelo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yokwenyani emhlabeni.
Ngaphezu koko, iqela leenkwenkwezi liza kubonelela ngolwazi olufanelekileyo malunga utshintsho lwendalo kunye nolawulo lwembalelaokuvumela ukujongwa kakuhle kwemithombo yamanzi, ukuguquka kweenkqubo zendalo kunye nefuthe lamaza obushushu ahlala ixesha elide, izinto ezibalulekileyo kwimozulu esiya iba mbi kakhulu.
Iimpawu zobugcisa zeesathelayithi kunye netekhnoloji engaphakathi
Iisathelayithi ezicwangcisiweyo ngaphakathi kwe-ESCA+ ziya kuxhotyiswa ngothotho lwemithwalo yokuhlawula ephucukileyo eya kuzenza zibe zizixhobo ezisebenziseka lula kakhulu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba isathelayithi nganye iya kuba nayo ubunzima obuqikelelwa phakathi kwama-200 nama-250 kg, ubungakanani obubabeka kudidi lweesathelayithi zokujonga eziphakathi, ezikwaziyo ukudibanisa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu kunye neendleko eziqulathiweyo.
Phakathi kwezixhobo ezinokudityaniswa kukho iikhamera ezibonakalayo ezinesisombululo esiphezulu kakhulu (VHR)ekwaziyo ukufota iinkcukacha ezintle zomphezulu woMhlaba, kunye neekhamera ze I-infrared yobushushu (i-TIR) ukulinganisa amaqondo obushushu nokubona imithombo yobushushu, nto leyo eluncedo kakhulu kwimililo, ulawulo lwamanzi, kunye nokubeka esweni iziseko zophuhliso. Ukubandakanywa kwezinzwa ezivumela uhlalutyo ngaxeshanye nako kuyaqwalaselwa. imingeni ebangelwa zii-megaconstellations.
Amathuba okubandakanya i-electromagnetic field sensors (ELINT) kunye neradar yokwenziwa kwe-aperture (SAR), ekwaziyo ukufumana imifanekiso nasebusuku okanye kukho amafu, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu amandla okujonga kwaye inciphise ukuxhomekeka kwiimeko zemozulu.
Le nkqubo iza kuvumela ukuziqhelanisa imiboniso yetekhnoloji kunxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo, njengeekhonkco ze-inter-satellite, iindlela zokusasazwa kwe-quantum key (QKD), okanye iinkqubo zokulawula i-deorbiting ekupheleni kobomi obuluncedo besathelayithi ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma yesithuba.
Ulawulo lotyalo-mali kunye nempembelelo kushishino lwesithuba saseSpain
Utyalo-mali lwe-€325 yezigidi luza kujoliswa ikakhulu kwiinkampani ezikwi- icandelo lesithuba kunye nezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eliseSpeyinEzi mibutho, nazo, ziya kusebenzisana neeyunivesithi, amaziko ophando, kunye nemibutho yetekhnoloji. Injongo kukudala inethiwekhi yokusebenzisana evelisa ulwazi, imisebenzi yezakhono, kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngaphakathi kweli lizwe.
La Spanish Space AgencyNgenkxaso ye-European Space Agency (ESA), le arhente iya kuba noxanduva lokulawula imali kunye nokulungelelanisa ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo. Urhulumente ophakathi waseSpain, ngakumbi iSebe lezeSayensi, uVuselelo kunye neeYunivesithi, uya kujongana nophuhliso lweprojekthi kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo neminye imigaqo-nkqubo ye-R&D kunye nenguquko yendalo.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba impembelelo ethe ngqo kwishishini lendawo yesizwe iya kudlula Izivumelwano ze-euro ezingama-200 ezigidi phakathi kowama-2026 nowama-2027Oku kubonisa ukhuthazo olukhulu kwinkqubo yeenqwelo-moya. Ngaphezu koko, iziphumo kulindeleke ukuba zisasazwe kwiindawo ezininzi ezizimeleyo, kuquka iAndalusia, iMadrid, iGalicia, iCatalonia, iBasque Country, iValencian Community, kunye neCastile and León.
Olu hlobo lweprojekthi alukhuthazi nje kuphela imisebenzi ekhethekileyo, kodwa lukwanceda ekuhlanganiseni ilaphu leshishini elikhuphisanayo kwicandelo lokujongwa koMhlabaukuvula ucango lwezivumelwano zexesha elizayo zaseYurophu nezamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokubeka iSpain njengomdlali ofanelekileyo kwimephu entsha yesithuba.
Iprojekthi enxulumene neSicwangciso sokuBuyisela iMpahla kunye neSihlomelo se-DANA
Ukuqaliswa kwe-ESCA+ yinxalenye ye ISihlomelo se-DANA kwiSicwangciso soBuyiselo, evunyiwe yiKhomishini yaseYurophu, equka icandelo elitsha—inombolo 32—elijolise ngokukodwa ekuqiniseni ukunyamezela iintlekele zemvelo kunye neziganeko zemozulu ezimbi. Esi sihlomelo kunye namava ka isiphepho seDANA eValencia Bagxininisa imfuneko yeenkqubo ezingcono zokulumkisa nokubeka esweni.
Esi sihlomelo siquka okungaphezulu I-1.240 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zabelwe ukwakhiwa kwakhona yemimandla echaphazelekileyo zizivuthuvuthu kunye nokuphuculwa kwamandla okusabela “kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga” zangaphandle ezifana nezivuthuvuthu ezinkulu, izikhukula okanye iziqephu zemvula enkulu, izinto eziye zanda rhoqo kwaye zaba nzima.
Kule meko, i-ESCA+ constellation ithathwa njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuba Ulwazi oluthembekileyo nolufike ngexesha oluvumela ukunciphisa umonakalo ebantwini, kwezentlalo nakwezoqoqosho.Amava eziganeko zakutshanje zemvula enkulu abonise imfuneko yeenkqubo ezingcono zokulumkisa kunye nokubeka esweni ezikufutshane nexesha langempela.
Ngoko ke urhulumente udibanisa umgaqo-nkqubo wesithuba kunye ukhuseleko loluntu, ucwangciso lwendawo kunye nokuziqhelanisa notshintsho lwemozulu, ukuhlanganisa utyalo-mali kwiisathelayithi ngaphakathi kwesicwangciso esibanzi sokuqina kunye nokuhlaziywa koqoqosho oluxhaswa kakhulu yi-European Next Generation EU funds.
Ngale projekthi, iSpain ifuna ukuziqinisa njengelizwe elingapheleli nje ekuphenduleni xa kuvela intlekele, kodwa nelikwasabela Isebenza ukuqikelela nokunciphisa impembelelo yeziganeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhuluUkudibana kwetekhnoloji yasesibhakabhakeni, ulungelelwaniso lwaseYurophu, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu egxile ekuthinteleni ibeka i-ESCA+ Atlantic Constellation njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yale ndlela intsha yokujongana nengxaki yemozulu.
