Ukuhlala kwisiqithi saseTropiki kunokuba yinto emangalisayo ngokwenene, ngakumbi xa ungakhathazeki ngembalela: imozulu ipholile unyaka wonke, kukho iilwandle ezigcwele ubomi, amahlathi anezityalo ezininzi kunye nezilwanyana ezikhethekileyo kwihlabathi ... Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu, imozulu yanamhlanje iyancipha. inokuba yingozi.
IVanuatu lichweba laseMelanesia elijongene nezoyikiso ezinzima zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Umphakamo wolwandle unyuka ngokukhawuleza kunayo nayiphi na enye indawo emhlabeni, ngokomlinganiselo 6 millimeters ngonyaka ukususela ngo-1993 (iisentimitha ezili-11 zizonke), ngelixa kweminye imimandla umyinge uphakathi kwe-2,8 kunye ne-3,6 mm ngonyaka. Esi siganeko sibubeka esichengeni ubukho beli lizwe likhulu kuMzantsi Pasifiki. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nefuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, unokujongana nenqaku ukuba sesichengeni kweMeditera kutshintsho lwemozulu.
Njengoko kuxelwe ngu Uxolo oluluhlazaUmdlali weqonga kunye nomzekelo uJon Kortajarena uthathe inxaxheba kuhambo lokuya eVanuatu ukuze aziqonde ngokwakhe ukuba kunjani ukuhlala apho, undwendwela uluntu ekuye kwafuneka lufuduke ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle. Ngelo xesha, Abantu abayi-100,000 basengozini ngenxa yale nto. Le meko ngumzekelo ocacileyo wendlela utshintsho lwemozulu oluchaphazela ngayo uluntu olusengozini, njengoko kukhankanyiwe kuhlalutyo abantwana abachatshazelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu.
Noko ke, ukunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle akukuphela kwengxaki ejongene neVanuatu. Izaqhwithi zeTropiki sesinye isoyikiso esibalulekileyo, esichaphazela phantse 30,000 abantu. Oku kuthetha ukuba phantse isiqingatha sabemi baseVanuatu sichanabeka kwiintlekele zemvelo nyaka ngamnye, nto leyo ehlobene ngokusondeleyo nenani lezixeko ezinokunyamalala ngenxa yokufudumala komhlaba. Ukuqonda ngcono iintlekele ezinokuthi zenzeke kwimimandla esengozini, unokufunda malunga Iintlekele zendalo ezimbi kakhulu ze-2016.
Isithethi seGreenpeace uPilar Marcos uthe: “Oku akukokukhathaza, kodwa izazinzulu zilumkisa ngelithi siphelelwa lixesha. Ukuba amanyathelo afanelekileyo awathathwa ngaphambi kowama-2020, kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukuthintela ubushushu beplanethi ukuba bunyuke ngaphezu kwe-1,5°C.. Lo ngumda ongaphaya apho iziganeko ezimbi kakhulu ezibangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu kunokwenzeka ukuba zenzeke.
Kwimeko yamandla, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba ngo-2011, I-34% yamandla afunwayo eVanuatu avela kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo, kwaye eli nani kulindeleke ukuba lifike kwi-2030% ngo-100. Oku kuphakamisa umbuzo ophazamisayo: ngaba abantu ngokwenene babandakanyeka ngokufanelekileyo kuphela xa bejongene ngqo nengxaki? Ukuba lo mkhwa uyaqhubeka, kuya kuba nzima ngesijikelezi-langa esinguMhlaba ukuba sihlale sisihle kangaka kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu ngumngeni amazwe amaninzi ekufuneka ajongane nawo, njengoko kuphawuliwe kuhlalutyo imfuno yobuchwepheshe kumafama xa ejongene nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Imeko yangoku eVanuatu kunye nempendulo yayo yamazwe ngamazwe
Imeko yaseVanuatu ikhokelele ekuhlanganiseni ngamandla amazwe ngamazwe. Ilizwe libe ngumqondiso wokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni kodwa nangenxa yendima yalo kunxibelelwano lwemozulu yamazwe ngamazwe. Kulo mongo, iVanuatu iqalise inyathelo lokuphendula INkundla yoBulungisa yaMazwe ngaMazwe (ICJ) ukuze izibophelelo zeZizwe ngokunxulumene nokufudumala kwehlabathi ziqatshelwe.
I-ICJ ibizelwe ukucacisa uxanduva lwamazwe malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye neziphumo ezijongene nabo basilelayo ukufezekisa izibophelelo zabo. Esi sicelo sixhaswe ngumbutho Abafundi beSiqithi sasePacific abaLwa uTshintsho lweMozulu, ebonisa ukungxamiseka kokujongana nengxaki yemozulu, ngakumbi kumazwe asakhulayo akwiziqithi ezincinci, umba onxulumene Izixeko ezinokunyamalala ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ngo-Matshi 29, i-2023, i-UN General Assembly yamkela isisombululo A/RES/77/276, exhaswa ngamazwe e-132, icela imbono yeengcebiso kwi-ICJ malunga nesinyanzelo samazwe ukukhusela indalo kunye namalungelo oluntu kwimeko yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Esi sigqibo sibalulekile, njengoko sisekelwe kwimigaqo esisiseko yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Ilizwi likaVanuatu ligqame njengesikhumbuzo esinamandla sobulungisa bamazwe ngamazwe kumlo ochasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Iindibano zovakaliso-zimvo ze-ICJ, ezaqhubeka ukusuka ngomhla we-2 ukuya kowe-13 kuDisemba, ngo-2024, yayilixesha eliyimbali. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwamazwe angama-97 kunye nemibutho yezizwe ngezizwe eli-11, oku kugqalwa njengelona galelo likhulu lakha lenziwa kwinkundla yamazwe ngamazwe. Iingxoxo zijolise kwimibuzo emibini engundoqo: Ziziphi izibophelelo zamazwe okukhusela inkqubo yemozulu kwizizukulwana zangoku nezexesha elizayo? y Zeziphi iziphumo ezisemthethweni ezijongene namazwe azo izenzo zawo okanye ukungabikho kwawo kubangele umonakalo omkhulu kwinkqubo yemozulu?
Izisongelo eVanuatu ejongene nazo
IVanuatu ifumana imozulu embi kakhulu rhoqo kunamazwe amaninzi. Ukunyuka kweasidi yolwandle, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu olwandle, kunye nokutshintsha kweepateni zeemvula kukhokelela kwintlekele yobutyebi bendalo. Umzekelo, i imithombo yamanzi acocekileyo ziya zinqaba ngakumbi, kwaye ukufakwa kwetyuwa emanzini kuyingxaki ekhulayo. Oku kuchaphazela izityalo namashishini okuloba, nto leyo ebeka isoyikiso ngqo kukhuseleko lokutya loluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Iyothusa indlela utshintsho lwemozulu oluchaphazela ngayo kungekuphela nje iVanuatu, kodwa kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo, njengoko kuxoxiwe kwinqaku elithi. ukuziqhelanisa nezityalo kutshintsho lwemozulu, ekwalucelomngeni kwiVanuatu.
Ukongezelela, ukunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle kunye nokukhukuliseka konxweme kunyanzela abantu abaninzi abahlala elunxwemeni ukuba bawashiye amakhaya abo. Abanye abemi sele kwafuneka bafudukele kwezinye iziqithi okanye kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo ebeka esichengeni inkcubeko nezithethe zabo. Imeko yaseVanuatu isebenza njengomzekelo wendlela ukuguquka kwemozulu kunokukhokelela ekufudukeni okunyanzeliswayo, into eyenzeka emhlabeni jikelele kwaye ichaphazela iintlanga ezininzi, njengoko kukhankanyiwe kuhlalutyo. umahluko phakathi kokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Kwiminyaka eliqela ngoku, izicwangciso zokufuduka ziqalisile ukuphunyezwa, kodwa amava apha emhlabeni abonisa ukuba ezi zigqibo akulula ukuziphumeza. Uluntu lujongene nemiceli mngeni yeemvakalelo, yenkcubeko, kunye namalungiselelo, yenza nzima inkqubo yokuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kulo mongo, kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela indlela utshintsho lwemozulu oluchaphazela ngayo impilo yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, njengoko kuchazwe kwinqaku iziphumo kubafazi abakhulelweyo.
Amathemba ekamva eVanuatu
Ikamva leVanuatu lixhomekeke kakhulu kwinyathelo lamazwe ngamazwe elichasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Nangona eli lizwe lilelona lizwe likhupha iigesi eziphantsi komhlaba, imeko yalo ibonisa okungekho sikweni okubangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu ehlabathini lonke: Amazwe anegalelo elincinane kubushushu behlabathi ngala athwaxwa kakhulu yimiphumo yako.. Oku kubonakalisa ukugxekwa kwenkqubo yamazwe ngamazwe ekufuneka kujongwane nayo ngokukhawuleza.
Amanyathelo afana nalawo eVanuatu afake kwi-ICJ anokumisela umzekelo kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ukuseka isakhelo esifuna abathumeli abakhulu ukuba bathathe uxanduva. Oku kubalulekile kungekuphela nje eVanuatu, kodwa kuzo zonke iziqithi ezincinci ezijongene neziphumo ezibi zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kubalulekile ukuba ihlabathi liqonde ukuba ubushushu behlabathi bubuchaphazela njani ubutyebi bendalo, njengoko kunokuqondwa kuhlalutyo Iintlango ezisengozini ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ukushukumiseka kunye nokutshintshela kuqoqosho oluzinzileyo ngundoqo kwi-ajenda yeVanuatu. Umzekelo, isicwangciso salo sophuhliso sikazwelonke sijolise ekuphuculeni ukomelela kwemozulu, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili, kunye nokwandisa utyalo-mali kwimithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nemingeni ejongene nayo, kufanelekile ukuphonononga ukuba izixeko ezinjengeMiami zinokuchaphazeleka njani, njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwinqaku elithi. Imingcipheko yezikhukula eMiami.
Ukongeza, izicwangciso zohlengahlengiso ziyaphunyezwa ezibandakanya uluntu lwengingqi ekuthatheni izigqibo. La manyathelo abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amazwi abahlali ayaviwa kwaye izisombululo zilungelelaniswe neemfuno zabo. Ukulungelelanisa kubalulekile ukunciphisa imiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu, njengoko kuchazwe kwinqaku utyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo zohlaza.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akuyi kwanela ngaphandle kokuzinikela okuqinileyo kuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko ngamazwe aphambili aphumayo kusenokuthetha ukuphela kwezizwe ziphela, njengoko kuye kwabonwa kwimeko yeVanuatu namanye amazwe eziqithi zePasifiki.
Umzabalazo waseVanuatu usisikhumbuzo sokuba utshintsho lwemozulu ngumba wamalungelo oluntu. Uluntu olusesichengeni lunelungelo lokuhlala kwindawo enempilo kwaye lonwabele izibonelelo eziludingayo ukuze luphumelele. Uxinzelelo lwamazwe ngamazwe kumagunya amakhulu kufuneka lwande, kwaye ubulungisa bemozulu kufuneka bube yintsika esisiseko yolawulo lwehlabathi.
Imeko yaseVanuatu ibalaselisa enye yezona ngxaki zibalulekileyo zenkulungwane yama-21. Indibaniselwano yokuba sesichengeni kwemozulu kunye nomlo wobulungisa behlabathi ngumngeni ekufuneka ujongwe ngokukhawuleza. Izigqibo ezenziwa namhlanje ziya kuba nempembelelo kubomi bezigidi kwixa elizayo.
