Ukunciphisa iigesi ze-greenhouse ibuyele kumbindi wengxoxo-mpikiswano yaseYurophu emva kwesiphakamiso seKomishoni yaseYurophu yokumisela umgomo obophelelayo we-90% yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-2040 xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba e-1990. Eli nyathelo libonisa isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwi-ajenda yemozulu yelizwekazi kwaye lisabela kuxinzelelo olukhulayo lwentlalo xa lijongene neziganeko ezigqithisileyo kunye nefuthe lokufudumala kwehlabathi, ngelixa izicwangciso ezintsha zisasazwa ukuhlangabezana nezibophelelo ezenziwe Isivumelwano saseParis.
Ngaphandle kwale nkqubela phambili, isindululo sifike ngexesha eliphawulwe kukwahlulwahlulwa kwezopolitiko kunye noxinzelelo oluvela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Umceli mngeni wokungathathi hlangothi kwemozulu ngo-2050 Ifuna uhlengahlengiso olunzulu kuqoqosho, ishishini, kunye nemikhwa yabathengi, ngelixa abemi baseYurophu bevakalisa, ngokwee-Eurobarometers zamva nje, inkxaso eyomeleleyo yesenzo semozulu.
Isakhelo esitsha solawulo: ukuguquguquka kunye nokuzinikela
Umthetho uphakamisa iindlela ezininzi zokufikelela usukelo olutsha lokunciphisa Ukukhutshwa kweegesi zegreenhouse. Phakathi kwezinto ezintsha kukwaziswa kwe iikhredithi zekhabhoni ezikumgangatho ophezulu wamazwe ngamazwe Ukuqala kwi-2036, oku kuya kuvumela amacandelo athile ukuba ahlawule inxalenye yokukhutshwa kwawo ngokuxhasa ngemali ukunciphisa i-carbon okanye iiprojekthi zokufunxa ngaphandle kwe-EU. Nangona kunjalo, inani leekhredithi ezifanelekileyo liya kuncitshiswa (ubuninzi be-3% ye-net ekhutshwayo ka-1990), ukuqinisekisa ukuba uninzi lokunciphisa kuya kwenzeka ngaphakathi kweYurophu ngokwayo.
Kwangokunjalo, izixhobo ziyaqiniswa ukunyusa umgangatho ukufunxwa kwecarbon dioxide yendalo kunye neshishini, ukukhuthaza ukukhuliswa kwakhona kwamahlathi kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-ecosystem, kunye nokubamba kunye nokugcinwa ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa obuvelayo. Olu bhetyebhetye lolawulo lufuna ukusabela kumahluko wezoqoqosho kunye nesakhiwo phakathi kwaMazwe angamaLungu kunye nokwenza ukhuseleko lwengqesho kunye nokuhambelana. Utshintsho kwindalo.
Indima ephambili yokusungula izinto ezintsha kunye nolawulo
Imeko entsha ikhuthaza utyalo-mali kwiiteknoloji ezicocekileyo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne Isivumelwano soShishino esicocekileyo kunye ne-EU Emissions Trading System, ukwandisa ukhetho kwiinkampani ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqaliswa kwezicwangciso zelizwe ezihlaziywa rhoqo zamandla kunye nemozulu zivumela iinjongo zeLungu leLungu ukuba zilungelelanise isantya sokutshintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kunye neempawu ezivelisayo zelizwe ngalinye.
KwiKomishoni, ukunika isiqinisekiso kubatyali-mali kunye neenkampani Sesinye sezitshixo ekuhlanganiseni inkunzi yabucala ekuvelisweni kwezinto ezintsha kunye neeprojekthi zophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ngelixa esomeleza ukuzimela kwamandla elizwekazi kwimeko engaqinisekanga yepolitiki. Uxinzelelo olulawulayo, olukhatshwa yinkuthazo yezoqoqosho kunye neenjongo ezicacileyo eziphakathi, zifuna ukuhlanganisa ubunkokheli baseYurophu kutshintsho lwamandla.
Ingxoxo kunye nempikiswano: imida yembuyekezo yangaphandle
Ukubandakanywa kwembuyekezo yamazwe ngamazwe kuye kwavelisa iimpendulo ezixubeneyo phakathi koluntu lwenzululwazi kunye nemibutho yokusingqongileyo. IiNGO kunye neengcali zemozulu Bagxininisa ukuba ukuthembela ngokugqithiseleyo kwiikhredithi zekhabhoni zangaphandle kunokunciphisa iinzame zokunciphisa ngokwenene kunye nokuvula umnyango wezenzo zokubala kabini okanye "iindlela zokubala." Bathi eyona nto iphambili mayihlale iyinguqu enzulu yeenkqubo zemveliso, ukonga amandla, kunye nokulahlwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwamafutha efosili.
Icandelo lokusingqongileyo ligxininisa ukuba umceli mngeni wokunciphisa ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu behlabathi kufuna ukuba iYurophu ikhokele ukukhutshwa kwe-zero kunye namanyathelo amabhongo phakathi kwemida yawo. Iimfuno ezinjengokunyusa umthamo wekhabhoni ngokubuyisela amahlathi, iindawo ezimanzi, kunye nomhlaba, okanye ukuqinisa imigaqo-nkqubo kumacandelo acwangcisiweyo afana nokuthutha, amandla kunye noshishino, ziphakathi kweemfuno eziphambili.
Izisombululo ezibanzi: ukudibanisa iteknoloji kunye nendalo
Iingcali eziye zadibana nazo ziyayikhumbula loo nto ukufikelela kwithagethi engama-90%. Oku akunakwenzeka ngokuthembela kwindlela enye. Akukho teknoloji yodwa-efana nokubamba i-CO2 okanye izisombululo zemizi-mveliso entsha-kunye nezicwangciso ezisekelwe kuphela ekubuyiselweni kwendalo ziya kwanela. Impumelelo iya kuxhomekeka kwindibaniselwano ekrelekrele yazo zombini, kunye nokuziqhelanisa neemeko zendawo kunye novavanyo olungqongqo lwemingcipheko, ukusebenza kunye nokuqina kwezenzo zokufunxa.
Ingxoxo-mpikiswano ekhoyo ngoku ikwanabela kwicandelo lemveliso, apho amalinge okuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye noncedo lukawonke-wonke avelayo akhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwezenzo ezizinzileyo kunye no Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwaIinkampani ezivela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ziye zaqala ukugxila kwi-decarbonization, ukuphononongwa kweenkqubo zokuvelisa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo njengenxalenye yempendulo kumngeni wehlabathi jikelele we-greenhouse effect.
Isiphakamiso saseYurophu se-2040 sibeka imephu yendlela ecacileyo, isaxhomekeke kwingxoxo yezopolitiko nezentlalo. Abemi neengcaphephe bayavumelana ngokungxamiseka kwenyathelo, njengoko ezi njongo ziya kuba ngundoqo kungekuphela nje kwikamva lemozulu yelizwekazi, kodwa nakwikamva lalo. ukukhuphisana, ukuba sempilweni nokomelela ejongene nocelomngeni lwemekobume yenkulungwane yama-21.