Iziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu kwizinga elikhulu ngamanye amaxesha zinokungaqiniseki, kuba asazi kwimilimitha bonke ubudlelwane kunye nokunxibelelana okukhoyo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kwiplanethi. Yintoni eqinisekisiweyo kuphando olwenziwe yiDyunivesithi yaseCórdoba (UCO) ngokubambisana neDyunivesithi yaseWageningen, eNetherlands, ihlathi leMeditera liza kuncitshiswa kancinane kancinane lide libe yinto yokukhuhla kwisithuba seminyaka eli-100 ngenxa yeziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu.
I-UCO inike ingxelo kwingxelo yokuba utshintsho lwemozulu ngumcimbi ophambili kwiingqungquthela nakwiminyhadala kwinqanaba lamazwe aphesheya elihlala yinxalenye yemizamo yoluntu lwenzululwazi efunda ukuba yintoni esemngciphekweni kunye noko kulindele umhlaba.
Utshintsho lwemozulu kwiMeditera
Imizamo yokumisa utshintsho lwemozulu ayomelelanga ngokwaneleyo ukuthintela amaqondo obushushu ehlabathi ngamaqondo amabini ukuya kwamathathu amaCelsius kwisithuba seminyaka eli-XNUMX, nto leyo ekhokelele kwimozulu encinci.
Lo mbuzo uphazamisayo ukhokele iqela lophando lwe-UCO ukuba lifunde ngendlela ezisebenza ngayo izityalo kumaqondo obushushu anyukayo. Uphando luphande Zisabela njani izityalo kwimbalela nendlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezinokuthanani nomonakalo. Ukuqonda ngcono le nto, kubalulekile ukwazi iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-ecosystem, njenge iintlobo zamahlathi eSpain ezikwaphenjelelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye nendlela Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuchaphazela iiconifers kwindawo enye.
I-cork oak yenye yeentlobo eziza kuchatshazelwa kakhulu kukutshintsha kwemozulu. Iqela lophando le-UCO ligxile kwihlathi leMeditera, kuba kulapho eyona ntlobo yezityalo nezilwanyana inkulu eSpain. Uphononongo luqinisekisa ukuba ihlathi leMeditera liya kubandezeleka kakhulu ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu kune-scrubland ekhoyo kule ndalo. Kwisithuba esimalunga nekhulu leminyaka olu hlobo lwembonakalo yomhlaba luya kuguqulwa kwaye luya kuba yi-scrubland ubukhulu becala, kuba iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zendawo ezifana ne-strawberry tree okanye i-oki ye-cork ziya kutshabalala, nto leyo exhalabisayo kulondolozo lwendalo. ihlathi elihlala liluhlaza.
Amahlathi akwiMeditera achaphazeleka kakhulu kukutshintsha kwemozulu
Uphando lupapashiwe kwiphephancwadi «Biology Plant«. Iinkcukacha zophando zokutyala iintlobo zolu hlobo ziyaqhubeka ngokwanda kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nokunqongophala kwamanzi, kulawula ixesha abalichitha kwi-photosynthesis. Ngexesha le-photosynthesis, amagqabi avula i-stomata yawo ukuze atshintshe i-CO2 kwindalo esingqongileyo kwaye avelise ioksijini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvulwa kwe-stomata kubangela ukugqabhuka kwamanzi kwaye, ke, ukulahleka kwawo. Okukhona kukho ubushushu kwindalo esingqongileyo, Amanzi amaninzi alahleka ngexesha lefotosinthesis.
Sithetha ngolawulo kunye nothintelo lwenkqubo ebalulekileyo yezityalo, ethi icuthwe ehlotyeni nangamaxesha embalela ukonga amanzi. Ngentwasahlobo, ukuvezwa kwesityalo ngaphandle kuphezulu, kwaye izinga le-photosynthesis liphezulu kakhulu, ngelixa ehlotyeni ixabiso liyehla, kwaye ekwindla, kunye neemvula, isityalo siyabuya. Ngale ndlela, ngamaxesha embalela, izityalo zinciphisa kakhulu le ntunja ukuya ngaphandle. malunga neeyure ezimbini ngosuku kwaye bayayenza into yokuqala kusasa. Le nto inokubonwa kwiindawo ezininzi ezifana ne intaba iMálaga, apho iintlobo zezityalo zijongene nemingeni efanayo, kwaye inxulumene nokuqaphela oko Amahlathi aneentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo axhathisa ngakumbi kwimbalela..
Uphononongo luye lwagxila kwezinye zeerubriki ezichaphazeleka kukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nembalela. Umzekelo, i-rockrose, ihlupheka kakhulu ngexesha lembalela, ide ilahle amagqabi, nangona kunjalo, ngeemvula zokuqala zekwindla, zingabokuqala ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Inzuzo yokuba izihlahla zinayo ngaphezulu kwemithi kukuba zinokuziqhelanisa ngakumbi neempawu zazo kwaye zinokuphila ngcono kwimeko ezinemeko yazo engathandekiyo. I-Rockrose ikwanesakhono esikhulu sokwenza ikholoni emva komlilo okanye imbalela, kwaye ke, ukuba imithi iyancipha emva kweziphumo zemozulu, Yi-rockrose eya kuthi ikholoni kwaye iguqule ihlathi leMeditera libe lishinyeneyo.
Imioki yecork isesichengeni ngakumbi
I-oki ye-cork ayinakukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokuguquguquka kwamaqondo obushushu, imbalela, kunye nezinye iziganeko ezimbi ezenziwa ngama-rock roses, ngoko ke ukuchacha kwabo kwezo ziganeko kuhamba kancinci. Ukuba songeza kule nto yokuba kuthatha iminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 ukuvelisa imbewu, ukuba ihlala iinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela, kwaye ikhonza njengokutya kwezilwanyana ezininzi, ngoko ziphela ngokukhawuleza, umthi wom-oki uba sisidalwa esisesichengeni sokulondolozwa kwawo kwinkulungwane ezayo. Oku kugxininisa imfuneko yokuqonda ngcono i-ecosystems kunye nentsebenziswano yabo nokutshintsha kwemozulu, kufana noko kwenzekayo Uluhlu lweentaba zeAtlas, apho nabo bachatshazelwa zizinto ezifanayo.
Ukuqukumbela, uphononongo luqinisekisa ukuba ihlathi laseMeditera liza kusokola ngakumbi kwiziphumo zenguqu yemozulu kunesiphithiphithi kwaye, ke ngoko, amahlathi aya kuthi chu abuyele umva enze uhlobo lweentlobo ezikhutshiweyo.
