Ukutshintsha kwemozulu ngumngeni ekuya kufuneka sijongane nawo sonke. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu oya kuba lula. Kumazwe asaphuhlayo, abona bantu bachaphazeleka kakhulu, baya kuba nobunzima obuninzi kangangokuba isisombululo sokuhlala siphila iya kuba kukufuduka into ebelikhaya lakho ngonaphakade.
Njengokuba amanqanaba ecarbon dioxide kunye nezinye iigesi ezifana nemethane inyuka ngaphezu kokuba kufanele, iqondo lobushushu liyenyuka kwaye imitha yelanga ishiya iimbombo zehlabathi ezininzi zinamanzi amancinci. Kule meko, izigidi ezininzi zabantu ziya kunyanzelwa ukuba ziimbacu zemozulu.
Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, ngo-2014, Iziko lokuBekwa kweliso lokuNgaphakathi, evela kwiBhunga laseRorway leembacu baqikelelwa kwizigidi ezili-19,3 abantu abashiya amakhaya abo ngenxa yeentlekele zendalo, ezinjengezaqhwithi okanye imbalela. Abantu abaya kwamanye amazwe bekhangela indawo ekhuselekileyo, njengeLizwekazi elidala.
ESiriya, ngo-2006 nango-2011, yafumana eyona mbalela imbi kakhulu kwimbali yakutshanje, okwabangela ukufa kwemfuyo eninzi nokufuduswa kwabantu abazizigidi ezibini ezixekweni. Le meko ikhokelele kuqhanqalazo olwacinezelwa ngobundlobongela, kangangokuba amaSyria ngoku ashiya ilizwe lawo.
Ngonyaka wama-2050, njengoko besitshilo kwibhlogUMbindi Mpuma uza kushushu kakhulu ehlotyeni. Iqondo lobushushu ebusuku liyakuba ngama-30ºC, kwaye emini lilo-46ºC, elinokuba ngama-50ºC ekupheleni kwenkulungwane.
Abanye abaphandi bayayilumkisa loo nto Amanzi, eyona nto ixabisekileyo, aya kuba ngunobangela wemfazwe kwilixa elizayo. EAfrika sele siyibona: minyaka le kufa izigidi zabantu ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi acocekileyo. Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqonda i utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokufuduka ngenkani njengomba obalulekileyo.
Ingxelo yeBhanki yehlabathi iye yaqikelela ukuba Abantu abazizigidi ezingama-216 banokunyanzelwa ukuba bahambe ngaphakathi kwilizwe labo ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu ngo-2050.. Olu phononongo lukwalumkisa ukuba iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokufuduka zinokuvela kule minyaka ilishumi izayo ngenxa yezizathu zokusingqongileyo. Oku kufuduka kwemozulu kunokuncitshiswa kube ngabantu abazizigidi ezingama-44 ukuba amazwe aqala ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa iigesi ze-greenhouse, ukulungisa izikhewu zophuhliso, ukubuyisela inkqubo yendalo, kunye nokunceda abantu baziqhelanise nokusingqongileyo.
Umyinge wemfuduko yangaphakathi ebangelwa ziimpembelelo zemozulu iya kuba nkulu kweyona mimandla ihlwempuzekileyo neyona isengozini, ebonisa ukuba ubuthathaka obukhoyo kumandla ezentlalo, ezoqoqosho, kunye neenkqubo zokuphila ukujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunokujongela phantsi impumelelo yophuhliso.
Ummandla onabona bantu bagxothelwe ekhaya kwimozulu iya kuba yi-Afrika engezantsi kweSahara., apho abantu abafikelela kwizigidi ezingama-86 babenokubonwa xa behamba; ilandelwa yiMpuma Asia nePasifiki, ezizizigidi ezingama-49; UMzantsi Asia, unama-40 ezigidi; kuMntla Afrika, ngezigidi ezili-19; ILatin America, enezigidi ezili-17; nakwiMpuma Yurophu nakuMbindi Asia, ngezigidi ezihlanu.
Isizathu sokuba i-Afrika ibe nengqikelelo ephezulu kangako xa kuthelekiswa neminye imimandla yehlabathi kukuba ilizwekazi lisengozini kakhulu kwiimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, ngakumbi kwimimandla eyomileyo, esele i-ethe-ethe, nakwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni. EzoLimo, ezikummandla we-sub-Saharan oquka phantse zonke izityalo ezondliwa yimvula, nazo zinepesenti enkulu yengqesho kwaye zibalulekile kukhuseleko lokutya, njengoko uza kubona kwiposi yethu.
UMntla Afrika kulindeleke ukuba ube nelona nani liphezulu labafuduki bangaphakathi abanxulumene nemozulu xa kuthelekiswa nabemi bebonke. Oku kungenxa yokunqongophala okumandla kwamanzi, kunye neempembelelo zokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle kwiindawo ezixineneyo eziselunxwemeni kunye neNayile Delta.
Utshintsho lwemozulu lukwamele umba wobulungisa behlabathi. Iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu azabiwa ngokulinganayo, zichaphazela imimandla ethile yehlabathi kakhulu kuneminye. Le nyaniso iqaqambisa ukungalingani phakathi kwezizwe ezikuMzantsi weHlabathi, ezithwaxwa ngokugqithisileyo ngenxa yeziphumo zembali ezikhutshwayo ezivela kumazwe aphuhlileyo. KwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, okungekho sikweni okunxulumene nokutshintsha kwemozulu kubalaselisa umsantsa okhulayo phakathi kwabona bazizityebi nabangamahlwempu.
Usekela Mongameli weBhanki yeHlabathi kuPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, uJuergen Voegele, wabalaselisa ukuba ingxelo yeBhanki yehlabathi “Sisikhumbuzo esicacileyo seendleko zomntu zokutshintsha kwemozulu.", ngakumbi phakathi kwabo banezibonelelo ezimbalwa kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo bafaka isandla esincinci kule meko. Inkcazo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yehlabathi yokuthintela utshintsho lwemozulu kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo ukuba ukungabi nabulungisa kwezentlalo kwandisa imiphumo yolu tshintsho, isihloko esisihlolisise kushicilelo lwethu. utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokufuduka ngenkani.
Le nto yokufuduka kwemozulu ayiseyongxaki yexesha elizayo, kodwa iyenzeka namhlanje. Ngokwedatha yamva nje, ngo-2022, Izigidi ezingama-32.6 zokufuduka ngenkani ngenxa yeentlekele zendalo, ukwanda ngama-41% xa kuthelekiswa nomyinge weminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. Olu lwando lubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lunyanzela abantu ukuba bawashiye amakhaya abo, kwanabo bangekho phambi kongquzulwano.
Umzabalazo wobunini bomhlaba kunye nokufikelela kwimithombo yobutyebi bendalo ibe ngumthombo othe rhoqo wongquzulwano kwihlabathi liphela. Kutshanje, olu xinzelelo luye lwandiswa kukutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngokujongana nelahleko eyandayo yomhlaba ochumileyo kunye nokufikelela okulinganiselweyo kwimithombo ebalulekileyo, uluntu luphela kuyo yonke imimandla yehlabathi lunyanzelwa ukuba luphume elubhacweni. Esi sisisongelo esiphindaphindayo, esichaphazela ngakumbi uluntu olungathathi ntweni, olungakwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa notshintsho kwindawo abahlala kuyo, into esiyihlalutyileyo. Inqaku lethu malunga nefuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu ekuhambeni.
Iintlekele zendalo ezinxulumene nokusingqongileyo zichaphazela ngokungafaniyo abantu basemaphandleni abakumazwe asemngciphekweni. Amazwe amahlanu achaphazeleka kakhulu kwezi ziganeko ezinxulumene nemozulu yiPakistan, iPhilippines, iChina, iIndiya, kunye neNigeria, ibalelwa kwi-98% yabafuduki abatsha ngo-2022. Olu luntu oluhlelelekileyo, olungakwazi ukufuduka okanye ukuhlaliswa kwakhona, lumiselwe ukuba luhlale kwiindawo ezichaneke ngokuthe ngqo kwiintlekele ezinxulumene nemozulu. Ukubandezeleka kwabo kuguqulela kwimiphumo eyonakalisayo yezoqoqosho nezentlalo, ngokukodwa kumacandelo abalulekileyo afana nezolimo, ukuloba, namahlathi, aziziintsika zoqoqosho zezi zizwe.
La mandla okufuduka kulindeleke ukuba aqhubeke nokukhula. Kubalulekile ukuthatha inyathelo ngoku ukukhusela ukufezekiswa kweeNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo kule minyaka ili-10 izayo nokuqinisekisa impumelelo ekwabelwanayo ngayo phakathi kwinkulungwane nangaphaya. IBhanki yehlabathi yenza izindululo eziphambili ezibandakanya ukunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo zehlabathi kwaye wenze zonke iinzame zokufezekisa iinjongo zokushisa zeSivumelwano saseParis, ukudibanisa ukufuduka kwangaphakathi okuhambelana nemozulu kwisicwangciso sophuhliso oluluhlaza kunye nokuqina, kwaye ulungiselele isigaba ngasinye sokufuduka ukuze ukufuduka kwangaphakathi okunxulumene nemozulu kusetyenziswe njengesicwangciso sokulungelelanisa kunye nokuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu akuyongxaki yokusingqongileyo kuphela, kodwa ikwayimeko yezentlalo nezoqoqosho. Njengoko iplanethi ifudumala kunye neemeko zokuphila ziwohloka, izigidi zeembacu zemozulu eziphuma kule nyaniso ziya kufuna inkxaso kunye nezisombululo ezisebenzayo. Umceli mngeni ubalulekile, kodwa isenzo esihlangeneyo kunye nentsebenziswano zibalulekile ukujongana nale ngxaki kunye nokukhusela uluntu lwehlabathi olusengozini.
