Iinyani ezinomdla malunga nokufudumala kwehlabathi: yintoni esifanele siyazi?

El ubushushu obukhoyo ngoku Sesinye sezona zisongelo ezinkulu uluntu oluye lwajamelana nalo kangangamawaka eminyaka. Le ngxaki iye yandiswa zizenzo zethu zemihla ngemihla, njengokusebenzisa iimoto, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, nokungcoliswa komoya namanzi. Njengoko isijikelezi-langa sifudumala, imiphumo yokufudumala kwehlabathi iya icaca ngakumbi yaye yothusa.

Okulandelayo, ndicebisa kuwe Iimpawu ezi-4 malunga nokufudumala kwehlabathi oko kuya kukunceda ubuqonde ngcono ubunzulu bemeko.

1. Thaw

Ukunyibilika komkhenkce yenye yezona ziphumo ziyingozi zokufudumala kwehlabathi. Akunjalo nje ngokuba amanzi anyibilikayo aphakamisa umgangatho wolwandle, kodwa nangenxa yokuba yenza nzima ubomi bezilwanyana ezihlala kule ndawo, njengeebhere ezimhlophe kunye neentini. Njengoko umkhenkce nomkhenkce uphela, asikuphela nje iindawo zokuhlala ezilahlekileyo; Imizimba engenabomi nayo iyavela ekwazi ukukhulula iintsholongwane kunye izifo ezosulelayo ekucingelwa ukuba azisekho Zisenokuvela kwakhona, zibe sisisongelo kwizilwanyana zasendle nakubantu.

2. UMkhukula

Ezona zixeko zisemngciphekweni wokukhukula zidla ngokuba zezo ezinoxinano oluphezulu lwabantu kwaye zibekwe kufutshane nomphakamo wolwandle. Ishumi elinesithathu kwezona zixeko zikhulu zilishumi elinesihlanu zimi kumgama nje weemitha ezimbalwa (okanye neesentimitha) ukusuka elwandle. Izixeko ezifana neAlexandria, California kunye neNew York zijongene ne umngcipheko ophezulu kakhulu wezikhukula ezibalulekileyo. Izifundo zamva nje ze-NOAA ziqikelela ukuba ukunyuka komgangatho wolwandle kunokufikelela kwiimitha ezimbini, kunye neziphumo ezibi kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokhuseleko lwezigidi zabantu. INew York, ngokukodwa, inokuba sesona sikhukhula sibi kwimbali yayo ukuba ayithathi manyathelo okuthintela ukufudumala kwehlabathi, njengoko kuchaziwe kweli nqaku. inqaku elithetha ngalo mbandela.

3. Ukunyamalala kwamachibi

Okwangoku, Amachibi ayi-125 eArctic anyamalale ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi. Ukunyibilika komkhenkce, ongumaleko womhlaba onomkhenkce ngokusisigxina, kuye kwabangela ukuba la machibi afunxeke emhlabeni. Oku akuchaphazeli nje kuphela izityalo nezilwanyana ezixhomekeke kwezi zidalwa zasemanzini, kodwa zikwatyityimbisel’ umnwe iintlobo ezihlala apho, nto leyo ezizisa kumngcipheko wokuphela. Ukuba ufuna ukuphanda nzulu kwizinto ezibangela ukufudumala kwehlabathi, ndincoma le. ikhonkco elichaza oonobangela abaphambili.

4. Amanzi amdaka

Njengoko amaqondo obushushu ehlabathi eqhubeka enyuka, Amachibi aqala ukufumana ukwanda kwezinto eziphilayo, ezifana ne-algae. Oku kukhula kwe-algal ngokugqithiseleyo kunokukhokelela kwi-eutrophication, inkqubo apho amanzi atyetyiswa ngezondlo, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwe-oksijini kunye nokuchaphazela iintlobo zasemanzini ezixhomekeke kwizityalo ezinzulu ukuze ziphile. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izilwanyana ezitya ezi zityalo kuya kufuneka ziqhelane okanye zibeke umngcipheko wokuphela.

Ukongeza kwi-curiosities ekhankanywe ngasentla, kubalulekile ukuqonda umxholo wehlabathi wokufudumala. Ukusukela kumaxesha angaphambi kwamashishini, i-avareji yobushushu behlabathi inyuke malunga 1,1 ° C. NgokweWorld Meteorological Organisation (WMO), ixesha lika-2015-2019 kusenokwenzeka ukuba lelona lishushu kwirekhodi.

Izinga lokunyuka komgangatho wolwandle liye lanyuka ukuya 5 mm ngonyaka phakathi kowama-2014 no-2019, okothusayo xa kucingwa ukuba, kwezona meko zimbi kakhulu, kuqikelelwa ukuba amaqondo obushushu ehlabathi anokunyuka ukuya kuthi ga kwiimeko ezinzima. 4,8°C ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane. Ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yeGreenhouse, enoxanduva lokufudumala kwehlabathi, kuvela ubukhulu becala ekutshisweni kwamafutha efosili. Ngokumalunga noku, unokufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye neempembelelo zazo koku ikhonkco elinolwazi.

Oonobangela bokufudumala kwehlabathi

Ukufudumala kwehlabathi yinto eye yakhawuleziswa yimisebenzi yabantu. Oonobangela abaphambili abanegalelo kwesi siganeko ngaba:

• Ukukhutshwa kwecarbon dioxide: Izinto ezikhutshwayo eziphambili zivela ekutshisweni kwamafutha efosili.
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi: Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunciphisa amandla oMhlaba okufunxa ikhabhoni.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla: Ukuveliswa kwamandla amaninzi kusaxhomekeke kwimithombo engahlaziyekiyo.
• Icandelo: Iinkqubo zamashishini zikhupha izixa ezikhulu zeegesi zegreenhouse.

Iziphumo zobushushu bomhlaba

Imiphumo yokufudumala kwehlabathi ayichaphazeli nje imekobume kuphela kodwa nobomi bemihla ngemihla babantu. Ezinye zezona zixhalabisayo ziquka:

1. Ukuphela kweentlobo: Kuqikelelwa ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lunokukhokelela ekuphelisweni kwendalo enye kwiintlobo ezintandathu kwiplanethi.
2. Iziganeko zemozulu egqithisileyo: Ukonyuka rhoqo kunye nokuqina kwezitshingitshane, imbalela kunye nezikhukhula, kunye nefuthe lazo kumanzi acocekileyo, onokuthi uphonononge ngakumbi kweli nqaku. inqaku ngembalela.
3. Ukunqongophala kwamanzi: Ubukho bamanzi ahlaziyekileyo busengozini ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye notshintsho kwiipateni zemvula.
4. Iimpembelelo kwimpilo yabantu: Ukwanda kwezigulo ezinxulumene nobushushu nokufa kweentlobo zezilwanyana ezibalulekileyo kwikhonkco lokutya yimizekelo nje embalwa.

Ukunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi

Ukunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi kubandakanya izicwangciso ezininzi. Phakathi kwezona zisebenzayo zezi:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo: Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili kunye nokukhuthaza amandla acocekileyo.
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi: Ukubuyisela iindawo ezigawulweyo kunceda ukwandisa ukuhluthwa kwekhabhoni.
• Ukwandisa ukusebenza kwamandla: Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezakhiwo kunye nezithuthi kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa.

Uxanduva lokwabelana

Kubalulekile ukuba bobabini oorhulumente kunye nabantu bathathe inyathelo ngokuchasene nokufudumala kwehlabathi. Ngamnye wethu unokuba negalelo kwisisombululo ngezigqibo zemihla ngemihla, ezinje:

• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi: Khetha isithuthi sikawonke-wonke, ukuhamba okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile.
• Gcina amandla: Zicime izixhobo zombane kwaye usebenzise iiglowubhu ezingenamandla aphantsi.
• Xhasa imigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo: Funa amanyathelo koorhulumente kunye neenkampani ukunqanda utshintsho lwemozulu.

Umlo ochasene nokufudumala kwehlabathi ufuna umzamo odibeneyo kunye nokuzinikela. Ngokunyamekela iplanethi, asikhuseli nje indawo esingqongileyo, kodwa siqinisekisa ikamva elizinzileyo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

IiNyaniso ezi-5 ezibalulekileyo malunga nokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye neempembelelo zako