I-asteroid Apophis ibingumxholo womdla omkhulu kunye nenkxalabo ukusukela oko yafunyanwa ngo-2004. Ekuqaleni ithathelwe ingqalelo njengengozi enokwenzeka kuMhlaba, umkhondo wayo uye wajongwa ngokupheleleyo zizazi ngeenkwenkwezi kwihlabathi liphela. Indlela yayo ngo-2029 iya kuba sisiganeko esikhethekileyo senzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi, sivelise ulindelo kunye nezifundo zenzululwazi ukuqonda ngcono ezi zidalwa zasezulwini.
Nangona izibalo zikhuphe ngaphandle, ubuncinci okwangoku, impembelelo kwiplanethi yethu, ukusondela okumangalisayo apho iya kudlula kusinika ithuba elingenakulinganiswa lokuyifunda. Ngezantsi, siza kuphonononga ngokweenkcukacha iimpawu zayo, umkhondo wayo, imingcipheko eyayikhe yaqwalaselwa, kunye nemishini yendawo ecwangciselwe ukuyihlalutya.
Iimpawu zeAsteroid Apophis
UApophis, ogama lakhe elisemthethweni ngu-99942 Apophis, yiasteroid ekwiqela le-Aton, abangabo abo i-orbit yabo ingaphakathi kakhulu kwi-orbit yomhlaba. Kuqikelelwa ukulinganisa ngeenxa zonke 335 yeemitha ububanzi, iyenza ibe yinto enkulu kakhulu phakathi kwe-arth-Earth asteroids.
Ukuqulunqwa kwayo kwenziwa ikakhulu i-silicates, i-nickel kunye nentsimbi, ehlula phakathi kweqela le-asteroids yohlobo inamatye. Ekuqaleni kwakucingelwa ukuba nde, imile njenge peanut, kwaye umphezulu wayo kucingelwa ukuba yenziwe ngamatye axengaxengayo ngenxa yamandla omxhuzulane aphantsi.
Ngokuphathelele ukujikeleza kwayo, iApophis ithatha malunga 0,9 iminyaka yoMhlaba ukugqiba ujiko-jikelezo olunye olujikeleze iLanga. Nangona kunjalo, i-trajectory yayo iya kutshintshwa emva kokudlula kwayo kufutshane nguMhlaba ngo-2029, inyusa ixesha layo lokujikeleza. 1,2 iminyaka.
I-trajectory kunye nendlela yayo kuMhlaba ngo-2029
Esona siganeko sikhulu seenkwenkwezi esinxulumene neApophis siya kwenzeka Ngomhla wesi-13 ku-Epreli ngo-2029, xa iya kwenza eyona ndlela isondeleyo kuMhlaba. Ngelo xesha, kuya kuba kokusesikweni Iikhilomitha ezili-32.000 ukusuka kumphezulu woMhlaba, umgama omfutshane kunowo wesathelayithi ezininzi ze-geostationary.
Oku kudlula okukufutshane kuya kuvumela i-asteroid ukuba ijongwe ngeso lenyama ukusuka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yeplanethi, ngakumbi eYurophu, eAfrika naseAsia. Ukukhanya kwayo kuya kuthelekiswa nobukhulu beenkwenkwezi ezi-3,3 kwaye iya kuhamba esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ngesantya 45.080 km / h. Esi siganeko siya kubaluleka kuphononongo lwe-asteroid, njengoko kwakunjalo isilumkiso sokhuseleko lweplanethi ngokunxulumene nezinye iiasteroids ezinokumela ingozi kuMhlaba.
Umxhuzulane womhlaba uya kuwuchaphazela ngokuphawulekayo umjikelo wawo, uguqule indlela ohamba ngayo kwixesha elizayo. Nangona izibalo zangoku zikhuphela ngaphandle impembelelo kunye noMhlaba kumashumi eminyaka ezayo, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ziyaqhubeka nokufunda indlela umxhuzulane woMhlaba unokuguqula indlela yawo nokuba oku kungamela nayiphi na ingozi kwixesha elizayo.
Ngaba kukho umngcipheko wempembelelo kwi-2036 okanye i-2068?
Ekuqaleni, izibalo zabonisa ukubakho kwempembelelo Iipesenti ezingama-2,7 ngo-2029, nto leyo eyabangela inkxalabo kuluntu lwenzululwazi. Nangona kunjalo, uqwalaselo oluchanekileyo lukhuphe lo mngcipheko ngokupheleleyo kulo mhla.
Ngokumalunga ne-2036 kunye ne-2068, amathuba okuchaphazeleka ancitshiswe kakhulu. Kuvavanyo lwayo lwamva nje ngo-2021, iNASA yaqinisekisa ukuba iApophis ayisisongelo sokwenene kuMhlaba kwiminyaka eli-100 ezayo. Oku kusiqabu kuluntu lwenzululwazi kunye nabemi abakhathalele ukhuseleko lwesijikelezi-langa.
Uthumo lwamajukujuku kuphononongo lweasteroid
Indlela engaqhelekanga ka-Apophis kuMhlaba iye yabangela ii-arhente ezininzi zasesibhakabhakeni ukuba zicwangcise umsebenzi wokuwufunda ngokweenkcukacha. Ezi ziquka:
- I-OSIRIS-APEX:Esi siphekepheke seNASA, esasifudula sisaziwa ngokuba yi-OSIRIS-REx, saphinda sathunyelwa emva kothumo lwaso eBennu ukuya kuApophis. Kulindeleke ukuba ijikeleze kuyo Iinyanga ze18 emva kokusondela kwayo ngo-2029, inika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nokwakheka kunye nokwakhiwa kwayo.
- IIRAMSES:I-Arhente ye-European Space icinga ngokusungula i-RAMSES mission ngo-2027, eya kufikelela kwi-Apophis ngaphambi kokuba ifike eMhlabeni ukuhlalutya indlela umphezulu wayo oziphatha ngayo phantsi kwempembelelo ye-Gravity yomhlaba.
Ukubaluleka kokufunda iApophis
Uphononongo lweApophis luya kuvumela izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ukuba ziqonde ngcono i-physics ye-arth-Earth asteroids, indlela abaphendula ngayo umxhuzulane weplanethi kwaye yintoni impembelelo enokuthi ibe nayo kwisijikelezi-langa sethu. Olu hlobo lophando lungundoqo kumxholo apho sihlala sivavanya ukhuseleko loMhlaba ngokuchasene nezisongelo ezinokwenzeka ze-asteroid.
Olu hlobo lophando lubalulekile kuphuhliso lwezicwangciso eziliqili ukhuselo lweplanethi, ekubeni ukuba iinkwenkwezi ezisesibhakabhakeni ezikwikhondo longquzulwano beziya kuchongwa kwixesha elizayo, ukuba nedatha echanileyo ngendlela ezi zidalwa zasesibhakabhakeni ezisebenza ngayo kunokunceda ukuphambukisa umkhondo wazo.
El ukufunda ubungakanani kunye ne-orbit ye-asteroids efana ne-Bennu Kubalulekile ukuqonda imingcipheko enokubakho enxulumene noko. Ngomhla we-13 ku-Epreli, i-2029, iya kuba ngumhla obalulekileyo kwi-astronomy kunye nomboniso onokuthi izigidi zabantu zikwazi ukuwujonga ngeliso lenyama. Ukususela kuloo mzuzu ukuya phambili, i-Apophis iya kuqhubeka ibe yinto yokufunda kwaye iya kuvumela uluntu ukuba lufunde okungakumbi malunga neemfihlelo zenkqubo yelanga.
