Iintlambo zezona ndawo zintle ehlabathini. Zibekwe phakathi kweentaba, zizithambeka zobume bomhlaba phakathi kwamathambeka amabini anethambeka kunye nemilo emide. Kodwa, Wakhe wazibuza ukuba injani imozulu kwiintlambo zehlabathi?
Inyaniso kukuba ikhethekile kakhulu, kuba iphakathi kweencopho ezimbini nangaphezulu eziphakamileyo, amaqondo obushushu ahlala ephakame kancinci kunokuba kufanelekile kuthathelwa ingqalelo indawo yayo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ngokweenkcukacha ukuba imozulu injani na kwiintlambo zehlabathi, kwakunye nokubaluleka kwenkalo nganye yayo.
Zeziphi iintlobo zeentlambo ezikhoyo?
Iintlambo ezixineneyo
Iintlambo ezimxinwa ziimo zejografi ezigqamayo ngeempawu zazo ezizodwa. Imijelo yamanzi, efana nemilambo kunye nemigxobhozo, ithatha indawo engezantsi yentlambo kwaye ukuhamba kwayo kulawulwa ngokuqinileyo, ukunciphisa ukufuduka kwecala. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinkqubo zohlengahlengiso lwetshaneli zenziwa emazantsi etshaneli, apho utshintsho kwithambeka lunokuthi lwenzeke, kunye nomngcipheko omkhulu we ukudilika komhlaba ngenxa yokukhukuliseka kweendonga zentlambo.
Iintlambo ezibanzi
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iintlambo ezibanzi, ezaziwa ngokuba "ziintlambo ezivuthiweyo," zidibene nemilambo ecacileyo. Kolu kwakheka, umjelo uthatha indawo encinci yentlambo, kuba ithafa le-alluvial libanzi kakhulu. Kwezi ntlobo zeentlambo, izikhukhula ziyinto eqhelekileyo, eyenza ukuba i-ecosystems engazinzile kwaye iguquguqukayo. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemijelo yamanzi nomhlaba kunokukhokelela ekudalweni kwezinto eziphilayo ezityebileyo, ukongeza ekuboneleleni ngemekobume engundoqo yophuhliso lwezolimo.
Injani imozulu ezintlanjeni?
Iintlambo, ezimi phakathi kweentaba, zinesimo sezulu esibonakalisa ummandla weentaba. Le mozulu ibonakala ngamaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwama-20 nama-30 ngokukaCelsius phantse unyaka wonke. Ebusika, ikhephu lisoloko liwa, namaqondo obushushu angehla ngaphantsi kwe-10 degrees celcius. Umphakamo kunye nendawo ezikuyo iintaba zinempembelelo kwimozulu yale ntlambo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi-thermal gradient. Kule meko, kusekwa ukuba Kwi-100 leemitha zomphakamo, iqondo lobushushu liyehla phakathi kwe-0.5 kunye ne-1 degree Celsius., kunye nokufuma okuhambelanayo nako kuthanda ukuncipha kulo mongo.
Ngokuphathelele imvula, iintlambo ezikwicala lomoya zifumana phakathi kwe-900 kunye ne-1200 mm ngonyaka, ngelixa i-leeward side-apho iintlambo ezininzi zikhona-zinemozulu eyomileyo. Oku kungenxa yempembelelo yemimoya ekhoyo, ethi, xa idibana neentaba, ikhuphe ukufuma okuninzi kwindawo evulekileyo, ishiya indawo engasemva yomile kwaye iphelelwe ngamanzi.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kwiintlambo kukhuthaza ukungafani kwezityalo nezilwanyana, njengoko iintlobo ngeentlobo zemozulu ebonelelweyo zivumela uphuhliso lweentlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana. Iintlobo ezifumaneka kwiintlambo zihlala zizodwa kwaye zilungelelaniswe ngokugqibeleleyo kwiimeko ezithile ezifumaneka kummandla.
Ukubaluleka kweentlambo kwi-ecosystem
Iintlambo aziyondawo yokusabela kuphela kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kulungelelwaniso lwendalo. Zisebenza njengeepaseji zendalo eziququzelela ukuhamba kunye nokusasazeka kweentlobo, ukudala iindawo zokuhlala ezityebileyo kunye nezahlukeneyo. Ezi ndawo ziyimfuneko kwiintlobo ezifuna i-microclimates ethile, njengoko zibonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo ezingafumanekiyo kwiindawo ezikufutshane. Ngaphezu koko, ukuhlukahluka kokuphakama kunye nokuqhelaniswa nelanga kwiintlambo kuvumela uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto eziphilayo, ukusuka kumahlathi ashinyeneyo ukuya kwiindawo ezivulekileyo zengca.
Iintlambo zinegalelo elikhulu kubuhle bomhlaba wejografi. Zibonakala ngemilambo ejingayo, amachibi azolileyo, kunye neentaba eziphakamileyo ezibonelela ngembonakalo entle nemangalisayo. Le miba ibonakalayo ayichaphazeli nje kuphela umgangatho wobomi babemi bommandla, kodwa inegalelo kwimpilo nozinzo lwemo engqongileyo. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwamanzi, umhlaba kunye nohlaza kwiintlambo kudala imbonakalo yomhlaba eguquguqukayo kunye nenhle.
Imifanekiso yeentlambo: uhambo olubonakalayo emhlabeni jikelele
Iintlambo zehlabathi: iindawo ezikhuthazayo
Iintlambo zehlabathi ziyimiboniso yobuhle obungenakuthelekiswa nanto obuthibalisa intelekelelo yabahambi nabafoti ngokufanayo. Ukusuka kwiintlambo eziluhlaza zaseYurophu ukuya kwimihlaba eyomileyo yaseAfrika, nganye ibonelela ngamava abonakalayo akhethekileyo. Ezi ndawo azikho nje indawo yokusabela kwizinto eziphilayo, kodwa zikwangumthombo wenkuthazo yobugcisa neyomoya. Ukucamngca ngentlambo kunokuvuselela unxibelelwano olunzulu nendalo, kuvumela abantu ukuba bacinge ngobudlelwane babo kunye nendalo.
E-Asiya, iintlambo zinwebeka phakathi kweentaba ezinde kunye nemilambo ebalekayo, ebonisa imbonakalo-mhlaba ebonakala iphuma ephupheni. Kumazwe aseMerika, iintlambo zibonakala ngokuhlukahlukana kwazo ngokuma komhlaba, ukusuka kwimiwonyo emikhulu ukuya kwiinduli ezithambileyo ezigqunywe luhlaza. IAfrika yona ineentlambo ezilikhaya lendalo etyebileyo yezilwanyana zasendle, apho iintlobo zezilwanyana ezidumileyo zifumana indawo yokusabela nokutya. Ilizwekazi ngalinye linegalelo kwizinto ezenza intlambo ibe yemangalisa ngokwenene.
Imifanekiso yale ntlambo ayibonisi nje ubuhle bayo bangaphakathi, kodwa iphinda ibalise amabali endaleko yejoloji kunye nokuziqhelanisa nebhayoloji. Ukhukuliseko, ukuguquka kwentlenga, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zendalo ziye zaqingqa le mbonakalo yomhlaba kwinkulungwane yeminyaka, zenza iimilo nemibala echasene nentelekelelo. Ukufota esigodini kuba yindlela yokubhala kunye nokwabelana ngobungangamsha bendalo, kuvumela abantu kwihlabathi liphela ukuba bafumane ubungangamsha bayo.
Iifoto zeValley: Ukubamba ubuhle beNdalo
Iifoto zasentlanjeni ziyifestile kubuhle bendalo, ithatha ixesha elidlulayo lokukhanya kunye nesithunzi esiphucula ubuhle bayo. Ukuphuma kwelanga entlanjeni kunokupeyinta imbonakalo-mhlaba ngemibala egolide, ngelixa ukutshona kwelanga kunokuyigubungela ngeemibala ezipinki ezithambileyo. Abafoti bafuna ezi meko zokukhanyisa ukuze bathathe imifanekiso engabonakali nje ngokubonakalayo kodwa ehambisa umoya kunye nomoya wendawo.
Ukufota kwi-Valley kufuna ukuqonda okunzulu kokusingqongileyo kunye nobuchule obufunekayo ukuze ubambe undoqo wayo. Ukukhetha i-engile efanelekileyo, ukwakheka, kunye nexesha kubalulekile ekudaleni imifanekiso eyenza ubulungisa kubuhle bendawo. Ngaphandle koko, Abafoti kufuneka balungele ukujongana neemeko zemozulu eziguqukayo kunye nomhlaba onzima, okongeza umngeni kumsebenzi wabo. Nangona kunjalo, umphumo wokugqibela, umfanekiso okhupha ubuhle kunye nokuzola kwentlambo, ufanelekile umzamo.
Ifoto ye-Valley ayikho nje ifom yobugcisa, kodwa kunye nesixhobo sokulondoloza. Ngokubonisa ubuhle kunye nobuthathaka bezi zinto eziphilayo, imifanekiso inokukhuthaza abantu ukuba baxabise kwaye bakhusele ezi ndawo zikhethekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela ukufotowa kuba yindlela yokwazisa uluntu ngokubaluleka kokulondoloza iintlambo neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo zinokunandipha ubunewunewu bazo.
Ukufumanisa iintlambo ezimangalisayo kumazwekazi ahlukeneyo
I-Kaghan Valley, ePakistan: ichibi, iingxangxasi, kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo
I-Kaghan Valley yasePakistan ngumboniso wendalo odibanisa amachibi apholileyo, iingxangxasi ezigqumayo, kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezimangalisayo. Imi kumphakamo oziimitha ezingama-2.500, le ntlambo iyindawo yokuzimela izityalo nezilwanyana eziphila kwindawo enentaba. Amachibi, ondliwe likhephu elinyibilikayo elisuka kwiintaba eziwangqongileyo, alikhaya lokuloba iintlanzi ezinjenge<em>trout ne<em>mahseer, ngoxa amahlathi e<em>coniferous ebonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala iintaka ezininzi nezilwanyana ezanyisayo.
Iingxangxasi zeNtlambo yaseKaghan yenye yezona zinto zinomtsalane, zibonelela ngombono obonakalayo kunye nowokuvayo otsala iindwendwe. Amanzi, awa evela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, enza imekobume epholileyo nefumileyo eyahlukileyo nomoya owomileyo weentaba. Le nto yendalo ayikonwabisi nje izivamvo, kodwa ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ikhosistim yengingqi, ukubonelela ngamanzi kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana ezixhomekeke kuyo ukuze ziphile.
Ukwahlukana kwebhayoloji kwiNtlambo yaseKaghan bubungqina bokomelela kwendalo. Nangona iimeko ezinzima kakhulu, iintlobo ezininzi zeentlobo ziye zafumana iindlela zokuziqhelanisa kunye nokuphumelela kule ndawo. Ukusuka kwizityalo zealpine ezikhula kumathambeka amatye ukuya kwiintaka ezifudukayo zisebenzisa intlambo njengendawo yokuphumla, ubomi baseKaghan bungumzekelo wothungelwano lwenkqubo yendalo kunye nokubaluleka kokulondoloza ezi ndawo zendalo.
I-Waipio Valley, eHawaii: Imbali yaMandulo kunye neNdalo
I-Waipio Valley kwiSiqithi esikhulu saseHawaii yindawo apho imbali yamandulo kunye nendalo zidibana ngeendlela ezizodwa. Le ntlambo yayikhe yalikhaya le-Ali'i, iinkosi zaseHawaii, kwaye inzulu ngokubaluleka kwenkcubeko. Ookumkani bamandulo baseHawaii bafumana iWaipio ikhusi elingcwele, elingqongwe bubuhle bendalo obusachukumisa abo bayityelelayo namhlanje. Iintsomi kunye nezithethe zomlomo ziye zagcina imbali yale ndawo iphila, iyenza ibe yindawo yokubaluleka kwenkcubeko enkulu.
Ubume beWaipio Valley buyamangalisa ngokulinganayo. Amahlathi ayo ashinyeneyo aluhlaza, iingxangxasi eziqukuqela ezindulini, nonxweme lwentlabathi emnyama ludala inkangeleko yomhlaba ebonakala ithe tye entsomini. Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zityebile, zineentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezichumayo kule ndawo ifumileyo nechumileyo. Ukufikelela kwintlambo kulucelomngeni, kunye nethambeka elinqambileyo elinciphisa inani labatyeleli, linceda ukugcina ingqibelelo yayo yendalo.
I-Waipio Valley ngumzekelo ogqibeleleyo wendlela imbali kunye nendalo enokuthi ihlale ngayo ngokubambisana. Ulondolozo lwale ndawo alubandakanyi nje kuphela ukukhusela izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa nokugcina ilifa lenkcubeko. Iinzame zolondolozo zifuna ukugcina ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokufikelela kwabantu kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo zinokonwabela ubuhle nembali kaWaipio.
I-Valley of the Ten Peaks, eKhanada: iphawu lokufota
I-Valley of the Ten Peaks, ekwiBanff National Park e-Alberta, eKhanada, luphawu oluphawulekayo lokufota ngobume belizwe. Le ntlambo, ijikelezwe ziincochoyi ezilishumi zeentaba ezintle, inika iimbono ezimangalisayo. Ichibi le-Glacier-fed i-Moraine Lake yenye yezona ndawo zifotwe kakhulu kwintlambo, eyaziwa ngamanzi ayo aluhlaza abonisa iintaba ezingqongileyo. Le mbonakalo yomhlaba ibambe intelekelelo yabafoti kwihlabathi liphela, ibe yenye yezona mifanekiso zibalaseleyo zaseKhanada.
Ubuhle beNtlambo yeeNcopho eziShumi abupheleliselwanga kwinkangeleko yayo ebonakalayo. Ubume bomhlaba balo mmandla, obuyilwe lukhukuliseko lomkhenkce, ludale inkangeleko yomhlaba emangalisayo nezolileyo. Iindlela ezinqumla intlambo zivumela abakhenkethi ukuba bajonge ubuhle bayo kufutshane, inika amathuba okubona izityalo nezilwanyana zalapha. Indalo yale ntlambo iyahlukahlukana, ineentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala emahlathini namadlelo ayo, kuquka iibhere, ii<em>elk kunye neendidi ezininzi zeentaka.
Intlambo yeeNcopho eziShumi ngumzekelo wendlela indalo enokukhuthaza ngayo kwaye icele umngeni ngaxeshanye. Ukufotwa kwale ndawo akupheleli nje ekubambeni ubuhle bayo, kodwa kwakhona kuphakamisa imibuzo malunga nolondolozo kunye neempembelelo zomntu kwezi ndawo zibuthathaka. Iinzame zokulondoloza zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba intlambo ihlala iyindawo yezilwanyana zasendle kunye nendawo yenkuthazo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
I-Jammu kunye ne-Kashmir Valley, e-Indiya: Ukwahluka kobuhlanga kunye neMihlaba
Intlambo yaseJammu kunye neKashmir eIndiya yindawo apho iyantlukwano yobuhlanga kunye neendawo ezimangalisayo zomhlaba zidityaniswa ukudala indawo eyodwa. Le ntlambo, iphakathi kweentaba zeKarakoram kunye nePir Panjal, yaziwa ngobutyebi belifa lenkcubeko kunye nobuhle bendalo. Imimandla yale ntlambo iyahlukahlukana, ineentaba ezigqunywe likhephu, imilambo equkuqelayo namasimi anwenwele ngokokubona kwamehlo. Iiyantlukwano zobuhlanga zalo mmandla zibonakala kwinkcubeko yawo edlamkileyo, kunye nokuxubana kwezithethe kunye nezenzo eziye zavela kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo.
Imihlaba yentlambo yaseJammu kunye neKashmir bubungqina bentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu kunye nendalo. Iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokunkcenkceshela zenze ukuba kuphuhliswe ezolimo kulo mmandla, nezityalo zerayisi nerhasi zichumile kumhlaba ochumileyo wale ntlambo. Le mimandla yezolimo, eyenziwe ngeentaba eziphakamileyo, inika umbono obukekayo nosebenzayo. Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zale ntlambo zityebile ngokulinganayo, zineentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kwiindawo zayo ezahlukeneyo.
Iyantlukwano yobuhlanga yaseJammu kunye neKashmir yongeza umaleko owongezelelweyo womdla kule ntlambo esele inomdla. Uluntu olwahlukeneyo oluhlala kulo mmandla luphuhlise inkcubeko eyahlukileyo nebandakanyayo. Oku kunyibilika kweenkcubeko kuyabonakala kumculo wentlambo, umdaniso, ukutya, kunye nemibhiyozo, enika iindwendwe amava atyebileyo natyebisayo enkcubeko.
I-Khumbu Valley, eNepal: ikhaya leMount Everest kunye neemonki
I-Khumbu Valley yaseNepal idume ngokuba likhaya leMount Everest, eyona ntaba iphakamileyo yehlabathi, kunye nezindlu zeemonki zamaBhuda ezongeza uchuku lokomoya kumhlaba wayo omangalisayo. Le ntlambo yindawo ethandwayo yabahambi kunye nabahambi ngezonqulo, betsalwa bubungangamsha beentaba kunye nokuzola kwezindlu zoonongendi. I-Monastery yaseTengboche, enye yezona ndawo zaziwa kakhulu kulo mmandla, yindawo yokucamngca kunye nokucamngca, apho iindwendwe zinokufumana uxolo kunye nokomoya weBuddhism kwindawo emangalisayo yendalo.
Imbonakalo yomhlaba weNtlambo iKhumbu ngumboniso wobuhle bendalo, neentaba ezinyuka ngokumangalisayo ukusuka kwintlambo. Iindlela ezinqumla intlambo zibonelela ngembono ye-panoramic ye-Everest kunye nezinye iincochoyi ze-iconic, ezitsala abakhweli kunye nabanyuki bentaba abavela kwihlabathi liphela. Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zale ntlambo ziyamangalisa, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana ezihlala kwiindawo zayo ezahlukeneyo zendalo, ukusuka kumahlathi e-rhododendron ukuya kumadlelo e-alpine.
Intlambo yaseKhumbu ikwayindawo ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko kumaSherpas, uhlanga oluhlala kulo mmandla. Inkcubeko kunye nezithethe zabo zidibene ngokunzulu kunye nomhlaba weentaba, kwaye ububele beSherpa buyaziwa kwihlabathi lonke. Abakhenkethi kule ntlambo bangazintywilisela kumasiko asekuhlaleni, bathathe inxaxheba kwimibhiyozo kwaye bazibonele ubomi bemihla ngemihla boluntu olubize iKhumbu likhaya kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
Iintlambo ze-Iconographic zaseMelika naseYurophu
I-Yosemite Valley, eU.SA: Iingxangxasi kunye nezilwanyana zasendle
I-Yosemite Valley, eUnited States, yenye yezona ntlambo zibalaseleyo emhlabeni, ezaziwa ngeengxangxasi zayo ezintle kunye nezilwanyana zasendle ezityebileyo. Ifumaneka kumbindi weYosemite National Park, le ntlambo yomkhenkce ibonelela ngobuhle obumangalisayo, enamawa egranite, amadlelo aluhlaza, kunye nemilambo equkuqela entlanjeni. Iingxangxasi, njengeeNgxangxasi ezidumileyo zeYosemite, zingumboniso otsala izigidi zabatyeleli ngonyaka ngamnye, unikezela ngombono wendalo obonakalayo kunye novayo.
Izilwanyana zasendle zaseYosemite Valley zinomtsalane ngokufanayo, zineentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezichumayo kwindawo ekhuselweyo. Ukususela kwiibhere ezimnyama kunye nexhama ukuya kwiintaka kunye nezityalo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, i-biodiversity yentlambo ibubungqina bokubaluleka kolondolozo. Iinzame zokukhusela le nkqubo yendalo ziye zavumela izilwanyana zasendle ukuba zichume, nto leyo enika abakhenkethi ithuba lokubona indalo ikwimeko yayo esulungekileyo.
I-Yosemite Valley ikwayindawo yenkcubeko nembali ebalulekileyo. Abantu bomthonyama baye bahlala kulo mmandla kangangamawaka eminyaka, yaye ukunxulumana kwabo nomhlaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembali yale ntlambo. Iindwendwe zinokufunda malunga nelifa lenkcubeko etyebileyo yommandla ngemiboniso kunye neenkqubo zemfundo, ezibonisa ukubaluleka kokugcina indalo kunye nenkcubeko yaseYosemite Valley.
I-Douro Valley, ePortugal: ilifa lewayini
Intlambo yaseDouro ePortugal idume ngokwenza iwayini kunye neendawo ezintle zomhlaba. Le ntlambo, igudle umlambo iDouro, yenye yezona ngingqi zikudala zivelisa iwayini ehlabathini, isaziwa ngezidiliya zayo ezithe ngcu ezivelisa ezinye zezona wayini zasePortugal. Ukudityaniswa kwemihlaba echumileyo, imozulu efanelekileyo, kunye nobuchule bokulima obuqhelekileyo bubangele ushishino lwewayini oluchumileyo oluvuyisayo kwizivamvo kunye nenxalenye ebalulekileyo yoqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni.
I-landscape ye-Douro Valley ngumbono onokuthi ukhangele, kunye neenduli eziqengqelekayo ezigqunywe kwizidiliya kunye nomlambo ojikelezayo kwintlambo. Lo mhlaba awumhle nje kuphela, kodwa uye waqatshelwa njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yiUNESCO, iqaqambisa ukubaluleka kwenkcubeko nendalo. Abakhenkethi kule ntlambo banokonwabela ukukhenketha kwintsimi yeediliya, ukungcamla iwayini, kunye neembono zepanoramic ezithimbe umongo walo mmandla.
Inkcubeko yewayini kwi-Douro Valley yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi basekuhlaleni, kunye nemibhiyozo kunye nezithethe zokubhiyozela isivuno kunye nemveliso yewayini. Abenzi bewayini balo mmandla bagqibelele ubuchule babo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, bedibanisa iindlela zemveli nezinto ezintsha zale mihla ukwenza iwayini ezixatyiswayo kwihlabathi jikelele. I-Douro Valley yindawo ekusingwa kuyo enikezela ngamava apheleleyo oluvo, apho ubuhle bendawo budibana nobugcisa bokwenza iwayini.
I-Jiuzhaigou Valley, eChina: amachibi anemibala kunye neengxangxasi
Intlambo yaseJiuzhaigou kwiPhondo laseSichuan, eTshayina, idume ngamachibi ayo amibalabala neengxangxasi ezimangalisayo. Le ntlambo, enabela kwiikhilomitha ezingama-720, yindawo entle yendalo engaqhelekanga, enamanzi acwenge njengekristale abonisa imibala yomnyama kunye neengxangxasi ezihla kuloo mathambeka entaba. I "Lake of Five Flowers" yenye yezona zinto zinomtsalane kule ntlambo, eyaziwa ngombala wayo oqaqambileyo wecyan kunye neziqu zemithi ezintywiliselweyo ezinokubonwa emanzini acwengileyo.
I-biodiversity ye-Jiuzhaigou Valley iyamangalisa ngokulinganayo, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwiindawo zayo ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Ukususela kwiipanda ezinkulu ukuya kwiinkawu ezibugolide, le ntlambo yindawo yokusabela yezilwanyana zasendle ezisengozini yokuphela. Iinzame zokukhusela le ntlambo ziye zabangela ukuba iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zichume, nto leyo enika abakhenkethi ithuba lokubona indalo ikwimeko yayo esulungekileyo.
Indawo yaseJiuzhaigou Valley ibubungqina bentsebenziswano phakathi kwamanzi, umhlaba, kunye nohlaza, ukudala imeko-bume eguqukayo kwaye izolile. Abatyeleli kule ntlambo banokuhlola iindlela zayo, bafumane amachibi kunye neengxangxasi, kwaye bazintywilisele kubuhle bendalo obuye waphefumlela izizukulwana zamagcisa kunye neembongi. IJiuzhaigou ingumzekelo wendlela indalo enokwenza ngayo izinto ezintle nezintsonkothileyo eziphikisana nentelekelelo.
Iintlambo zejografi kunye nenkcubeko eyodwa
Lötschental Valley, Switzerland: Alpine landscape kunye carnival
Intlambo yaseLötschental eSwitzerland yaziwa ngobuhle bayo obumangalisayo bealpine kunye necarnival edlamkileyo. Le ntlambo, enye yezona zinkulu eSwitzerland, ithatha iikhilomitha ezingama-27 kwaye ijikelezwe ziintaba ezifikelela kwiimitha ezingama-3.000 ukuphakama. Indawo yale ntlambo ngumboniso wobuhle bendalo, kunye noMlambo iLonza ojikeleza intlambo, amadlelo e-alpine agqunywe ziintyatyambo zasendle, kunye neentaba ezigqunywe likhephu ezibonelela ngemibono emangalisayo.
ICarnival yaseTschäggättä yenye yezona zithethe zibalulekileyo kwintlambo yaseLötschental. Esi siganeko, esibanjwa rhoqo ebusika, siyaziwa ngeemaski ezenziwe ngezandla kunye neempahla ezimibalabala, ezibonisa abalinganiswa basentsomini kunye namanani emveli. ICarnival ngumbhiyozo wesazisi senkcubeko yale ntlambo, inika abakhenkethi ithuba lokufumana amafa enkcubeko atyebileyo alo mmandla kwindawo yolonwabo kunye nolwamkelo.
Intlambo yaseLötschental ikwayindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Ummandla wendalo kule ntlambo ulikhaya lezityalo nezilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezikhula kakuhle kwindawo ezihlala kuyo. Iinzame zolondolozo ziye zavumela le ntlambo ukuba igcine ingqibelelo yayo yendalo, iqinisekisa ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo zinokunandipha ubuhle bayo bendalo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko. I-Lötschental yindawo enikezela ngamava apheleleyo, apho indalo kunye nenkcubeko idibanisa ukudala indawo ekhethekileyo kunye nenomdla.
I-Thórsmörk Valley, e-Iceland: Ukuhamba ngentaba kunye neJografi
Intlambo yaseThórsmörk eIceland yiparadesi yabathandi bokuhamba intaba kunye nejografi emangalisayo. Ithiywe ngothixo wamaNorse uThor, le ntlambo yaziwa ngokuba nenkangeleko emangalisayo, emiswe yimikhenkce, imilambo, neentaba ezidala imekobume yobuhle basendle. Iindledlana ezinqumla intlambo zibonelela ngembono ye-panoramic yemikhenkce ejikelezileyo kunye neentaba, zitsala abakhenkethi abavela kwihlabathi liphela bejonge ukujonga ijografi yayo ekhethekileyo.
Imbonakalo-mhlaba yeNtlambo yaseThórsmörk bubungqina bentsebenziswano phakathi komkhenkce nomhlaba, idala imeko-bume eguqukayo nezolileyo. Imilambo equkuqela entlanjeni iye yakrola imiwonyo kunye nemiwonyo kwinkulungwane yeminyaka, inika umbono ongeyontelekelelo. Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zale ntlambo ziphawuleka ngokulinganayo, zineentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kwindawo yayo eyahlukeneyo yendalo, ukusuka kubulembu kunye nelembu ukuya kwiintaka nezilwanyana ezanyisayo.
Intlambo yaseThórsmörk ngumzekelo wendlela indalo enokwenza ngayo imbonakalo-mhlaba enomtsalane kwaye icela umngeni. Abatyeleli kule ntlambo banokuhlola iindlela zayo, bafumanise iimbono zayo, kwaye bazintywilisele kubuhle bendalo obukhuthaze izizukulwana zabahambi kunye nabahambi. I-Thórsmörk yindawo ekusingwa kuyo enikezela ngamava awodwa, apho ijografi kunye nendalo zidityaniswa ukudala imeko-bume evuselelayo nekhuthazayo.
Intlambo yaseKalalau, eHawaii: Izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphilayo
I-Kalalau Valley, kwisiqithi saseKaua'i eHawaii, yindawo ephawulekayo yezinto eziphilayo kunye nobuhle bendalo. Le ntlambo, ijikelezwe ngamawa aphakamileyo kunye nohlaza oluchumileyo, yindawo yokusabela yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezikhula kakuhle kwimozulu yetropiki. I-Kalalau Trail, ekhokelela abatyeleli kwintlambo, inikezela ngemibono ye-panoramic yolwandle kunye neentaba, idala indawo eyothusayo kwaye izolile.
I-biodiversity ye-Kalalau Valley iyamangalisa, kunye neentlobo zeentlobo ezihlala kwi-ecosystems ezahlukeneyo. Ukususela kwizityalo ezihlala kweleenjiko ukusa kwiintaka nezilwanyana ezanyisayo, le ntlambo iyindawo yokusabela izilwanyana zasendle ezisengozini, nto leyo ebalaselisa ukubaluleka kolondolozo kulo mmandla. Iinzame zokukhusela le ntlambo ziye zabangela ukuba iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zichume, nto leyo enika abakhenkethi ithuba lokubona indalo ikwimeko yayo esulungekileyo.
I-landscape ye-Kalalau Valley ibubungqina bentsebenziswano phakathi kolwandle, umhlaba kunye nezityalo. Abatyeleli kule ntlambo banokuhlola iindlela zayo, bafumanise iilwandle zayo, kwaye bazintywilisele kubuhle bendalo obukhuthaze izizukulwana zamagcisa neembongi. I-Kalalau ngumzekelo wendlela indalo enokwenza ngayo ubugcisa bobuhle kunye nokuntsonkotha okuchasene nentelekelelo.
I-Valley of Geysers, eRashiya: ikhaya lezona giza zikhulu
IValley of Geysers, ekuSingasiqithi weKamchatka, eRashiya, idume ngokuba nesibini ngobukhulu ehlabathini. Le ntlambo inomtsalane wendalo, ineegiza ezingaphezu kwama-90 ezikhupha iijethi zamanzi ashushu nomphunga ngamathuba athile. Amaqondo obushushu egiza angafikelela kuma-250°C kwiimitha ezingama-500 ngaphantsi komhlaba, nto leyo edala imeko-bume enika umdla kwaye icela umngeni.
Ubume bomhlaba be-Valley of Geysers bubungqina bentshukumo yentaba-mlilo eye yabumba lo mmandla. Iigiza, kunye ne-fumaroles kunye nemithombo eshushu, zenza umhlaba oguqukayo kunye nozolileyo. Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kule ntlambo ziphawuleka ngokulinganayo, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo zezityalo ezihlala kwindawo yayo eyahlukeneyo yendalo, ukusuka kwizityalo ezitshisayo ukuya kwiintaka nezilwanyana ezanyisayo.
I-Valley of Geysers ngumzekelo wendlela indalo enokwenza ngayo imbonakalo-mhlaba enomtsalane kwaye icela umngeni. Abakhenkethi kule ntlambo banokujonga iindlela zayo, bafumane iigiza zayo, kwaye bazintywilisele kubuhle bendalo obukhuthaze izizukulwana zabahambi kunye nabahambi. Le ntlambo inika amava awodwa, apho i-geology kunye nendalo idibanisa ukudala indawo ekhuthazayo kunye nekhuthazayo.
Yintoni intlambo: inkcazo kunye neempawu
Intlambo yintlupheko yejografi eyenza phakathi kweentaba okanye iinduli, ngokuqhelekileyo nomlambo okanye umsinga ohamba kuyo. Iintlambo zinokuba ziindidi ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yazo yejoloji kunye namandla azibumbileyo. Iintlambo zemilambo, umzekelo, zidalwe kukukhukuliseka kwamanzi ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngelixa iintlambo zomkhenkce zingumphumo womkhenkce okrola umhlaba. Nokuba yeyiphi na imvelaphi yazo, iintlambo ziindawo eziguquguqukayo ezibonelela ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zendalo kunye neendawo zokuhlala.
Iimpawu zentlambo zinokuhluka ngokubanzi, kuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo kunye namandla endalo ayenzileyo. Ezinye iintlambo zibanzi yaye zivulekile, zinemihlaba echumileyo eyiyeyona ilungele ukulima, ngoxa eminye imxinwa kwaye ingumnqantsa, ineendonga ezinamatye ezidala imeko-bume enzima ngakumbi. Utyani obukwiintlambo bunokwahluka, ukusuka kumahlathi ashinyeneyo ukusa kumathafa anengca avulekileyo, kuxhomekeka kwimozulu nokuphakama kwentlambo.
Iintlambo zikwabalulekile ngokwenkcubeko nangokwembali, njengoko impucuko eninzi ichumile kwezi ndawo zichumileyo. Ezi ntlambo bezisebenza njengeendlela zorhwebo, iindawo zokuhlanganisana kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, neendawo zokuhlala ezixhomekeke kubuncwane bendalo baloo ntlambo ukuze baziphilise. Namhlanje, iintlambo ziyaqhubeka ziyindawo ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko, apho izithethe kunye nezenzo zookhokho zigcinwa ziphila.
Amagama eentlambo ezidumileyo kunye nentsingiselo yazo
Amagama eentlambo ezidumileyo adla ngokubonisa ijografi, imbali yawo, okanye izithethe ezihlala kuzo. La magama akachongi indawo kuphela, koko abalisa ibali ngemvelaphi yayo nokubaluleka kwayo kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Ngokomzekelo, iWaipio Valley yaseHawaii inegama elithetha “amanzi agobileyo,” nto leyo ebonisa ukumila komlambo oqukuqela kuloo ntlambo. Eli gama alichazi nje ijografi yentlambo, kodwa likwanokubaluleka kwenkcubeko enzulu kubantu baseHawaii.
Intlambo yaseThórsmörk e-Iceland ithiywe ngothixo wamaNorse uThor, ebonisa intsomi kunye nezithethe zenkcubeko zalo mmandla. Eli gama livusa ukomelela kunye nobungangamsha bomhlaba, onomtsalane kunye nomngeni. Amagama eeNtlambo anokubonisa iziganeko zembali okanye iimpawu ezizodwa zejoloji, njengeNtlambo yeeNcopho eziShumi eKhanada, ebizwa ngokuba ziintaba ezilishumi ezijikeleze intlambo.
Amagama eentlambo ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobuni babo kwaye abonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kunye nomhlaba. La magama akachongi indawo kuphela, koko abalisa ibali ngemvelaphi yayo nokubaluleka kwayo kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Amagama asentlambo ayindlela yokugcina inkumbulo yenkcubeko neyembali yendawo, kwaye anike iindwendwe uxhulumaniso olunzulu kunye nokusingqongileyo abaphononongayo.