LaIikholamu zikaHercules Yayiyinto edumileyo ekudala ikho kwaye inemvelaphi yasentsomini, njengoko kunjalo ngamakroza. Ezi kholamu zazingumda wehlabathi owaziwa ngamaGrike, de umbhali-mbali ongumGrike owaziwa njengoHerodotus wakwazi ukuwacanda ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ye-BC kwaye wangqina ukuba ayisosiphelo sehlabathi.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke imbali kunye neentsomi zeekholamu zikaHercules.
I-Hercules kunye ne-12 yemisebenzi ekhethekileyo
I-Heracles ayikho enye into ngaphandle kweqhawe elivela kwiintsomi zamaGrike owayengabizwanga njalo ekuqaleni. Igama lakhe ekuqaleni yayinguAlceo okanye uAlcides. Wayengunyana kaThixo uZeus noAlcmena, ukumkanikazi ofayo. Ukusukela ekuzalweni kukaThixo nasemntwini ofayo owazalwa enguThixo ongumntu owaziwa njengo Heracles.
Xa ifikelela ebudaleni nasebuntwini obukhulu, yayiyeyokutshintshwa kwegama layo kuba yayisaziwa eGrisi kwaye yayihlonela uthixokazi uHera. Sele ikwindawo yakhe kwiintsomi zaseRoma xa eqala ukubiza igama likaHercules. Amagama aqhelekileyo kunye aqhelekanga eneenfayile Mccalebb.
U-Hercules kwafuneka enze imisebenzi ekhethekileyo njengoko wayenamandla amakhulu. Kukho iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ngokwembono yezona zinto zifundayo kwiintsomi. Ngokweminye imiba, uHercules waphambana ngesizathu esithile esingachazwanga kwaye wabulala abantwana bakhe. Xa efumana kwakhona isizathu sakhe, wafuna ukuxolelwa kwi-Oracle yaseDelphi kwaye wayifuna loo nto azibeke kwinkonzo kaKumkani Tiryns ukuze aphelise ulwaphulo-mthetho. UKumkani uTiryns wayengu-Eurystheus kwaye wayephethe ukuthumela uHercules ukuba enze imisebenzi engenakho omnye umntu.
Kukho enye ingxelo yebali, encinci kakhulu, ebonisa ukuba uHercules wayelikhoboka likaEurystheus kwasekuzalweni. Kuthiwa imisebenzi engenakwenziwa nangubani na umntu yayikukufezekisa inkululeko yabo. Izizathu zokuba uHercules abe likhoboka likaEurystheus kungenxa yodaka oluthile olwalukho phakathi kobudlelwane bothixo nabantu.
UAlcmena, uMama kaHercules, wayevela kumgca wePerseus. UHera owayengudade kunye nomfazi kaZeus, wayenomona ngo-Alcmena. Ukuziphindezela kuye, wayekulindele ukuhanjiswa komfazi kaKumkani uStenelo, unyana kaPerseus, ukuze unyana wakhe u-Euristeo azalwe ngaphambi kweHeracles. Esi sizathu sokuba abe ngumkhonzi wakhe ngokwalo mba weentsomi.
Imvelaphi yeekholamu zikaHercules
Nje ukuba singene kumxholo, siza kuhlalutya ukuba yayiyintoni imvelaphi yeekholamu zikaHercules. U-Eurystheus wayengenanjongo yokukhulula uHercules njengoko wayefuna ukuba aqhubeke esenza loo misebenzi ingenakwenziwa ngumntu. Wamnika imisebenzi ebonwa ingenakwenzeka kwaye wamthumela kwiindawo ezikude ngakumbi. Eyona njongo iphambili ye-Euristeo yayi ukuba uhambo lukaHercules luya kuba nzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba azokufa ezama kwaye angaze abuye.
Umsebenzi wakhe weshumi yayikukukhangela iinkomo zikaGeryon. Ngethuba loluhambo wayekwazi ukufikelela kwimida yasentshona yelizwe lonke ngelo xesha eyaziwa ngokuba sisiphelo sehlabathi. Yayibekwe kwisiqithi sase-Eritrea, indawo apho uHercules kwafuneka ajongane nenja edumileyo eneentloko ezimbini ezinxulumene noCerberus, umgcini welabafileyo. Uye wajongana ne Hydra, ejonge iinkomo.
Olunye udibaniso awayenalo yayilelo likaGerión ngokwakhe, lo engumzukulwana kaMedusa wodumo. Ngokwentsomi, wayenemilenze emibini kuphela, kodwa Isinqe sasineziqu ezi-3, iingalo ezi-6 kunye neentloko ezi-3. Kuwo wonke lo msebenzi kwakufuneka awenze uHercules kulapho zivela khona iikholamu zikaHercules.
Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi ngayo. Ngokwenguqulo yokuqala, uHercules wabeka iikholamu ezimbini ezazibeka kwinqanaba lokuwela kwakhe kwisiqithi sase-Eritrea, njengesikhumbuzo somsebenzi wakhe omkhulu. Ezi kholamu zimbini zabekwa nguHercules ngokwakhe. Kukho enye ingxelo egqithisileyo apho athi khona U-Hercules wahlula ngesandla iintaba ezimbini ezazidibene. Ezi ntaba yayingu-Abila kunye noCalpe kwaye zingabanika indlela yokungena elwandle ekhukula yonke indawo entsha eyenziweyo.
Ziphi iikholamu zikaHercules
Abantu abaninzi abathanda iintsomi babuza ukuba ziphi na iikholam Hercules. Emva phayaa kwakunjalo Umda wehlabathi elaziwayo ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwenkcubeko yamandulo yamaGrike. Kuba iyinxalenye yeentsomi, ukuma kwayo ngqo ngokwejografi kuxhomekeke kutoliko olwahlukeneyo. Enye yezona nguqulelo zichanekileyo yile ithi ifunyenwe kulwandle lweMeditera.
Igama lesiGrike leentsika zikaHercules yayinguStelae weHeracles kwaye laguqulwa ngamaRoma laba likholamu kaHercules. Ikholamu eseNtla ngokuqinisekileyo ichongwe njengeLiwa laseGibraltar. Ikholamu esemazantsi inokuba zombini iNtaba iHacho, ebekwe eCeuta, kunye neMount Musa, ebekwe eMorocco.
Siza kuhlalutya ngokweenkcukacha ezithe kratya kwiLiwa laseGibraltar, elithathwa njengekholamu esemantla. Yinto yelitye lekalika evela kwixesha leJurassic. Inommandla omalunga neekhilomitha ezili-6 zesikwere kunye neendonga eziphantse zime nkqo. Ezi ndonga ziyabonakala xa zingena elwandle kwaye ziza kuzahlula iMeditera kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantic. Oku kuvumela i-Afrika ne-Europe ukuba ziphantse kunxibelelana. Lo mmandla uphela usukela kwinyambalala yaseIberia ukuya kumda osemazantsi wechungechunge lweatlasi kunye nokusuka kunxweme lweAtlantic ePortugal naseMorocco ukuya eTunisia kwaye ichaphazeleka yindawo yoqhakamshelwano lwamacwecwe e-Euro-Asia kunye ne-Afrika phakathi kweAzores neTunisia.
Le ndawo iyonke ine Ubunzima bejoloji obubonakaliswe enkosi kwiziphene ezidlulayo.
Njengoko ubona kwijoloji kukho amabali asentsomini. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neentsika zikaHercules.