Kule minyaka yangoku, Imbalela izibonakalise njengenye yezoyikiso eziphambili zehlabathi, ebangela iingxaki ezinzulu kwimveliso yokutya, unikezelo lwamanzi noqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ukusukela ngo-2023, imimandla yehlabathi ifumene iziqendu zembalela eqhubekayo iziphumo zobuntu, ezoqoqosho kunye nezokusingqongileyo ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili ngokweengxelo ezilungelelaniswe yimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe efana ne-UN, iNgqungquthela yokuLwa ubuntlango, namaziko enzululwazi akhethekileyo.
Iingcali zamazwe ngamazwe zigxininisa ubunzulu bale mekoUkunqongophala kwamanzi akusekho okwethutyana okanye okwethutyana, kodwa kuye kwaba sisongelo esingapheliyo esiqhubela phambili ngokuthula kwaye sichaphazela amazwe aphuhlileyo kunye noluntu olusengozini. Iziphumo azichaphazeli ezolimo kunye nemveliso yemfuyo kuphela, kodwa kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla, impilo yoluntu, kunye nozinzo lwentlalo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezithathwa njengezona ndawo zibalulekileyo.
Imimandla echaphazelekayo: impembelelo engalinganiyo kunye neziphumo ezibi
Ingxelo yehlabathi jikelele elungiselelwe yi-US National Mtigation Centre (NDMC), i-UN kunye ne-International Drought Relience Partnership (IDRA) igxile IAfrika, iMeditera, iLatin America kunye neAsia eninzi njengezona ndawo zichaphazeleka kakhulu. Engaphezulu kwe Abantu abazizigidi ezingama-90 eMpuma nakumaZantsi Afrika basemngciphekweni wendlala okanye wokufuduka ngenxa yendibaniselwano yembalela nongquzulwano. Kumazwe anje Zimbabu, isivuno sombona esisisiseko sehla nge-70%, ngelixa Zambiya ifumene ukwehla okumandla kwimilambo yayo, nto leyo ebangela ukumka kombane okukhulu ngenxa yokungaphumi kakuhle kwezityalo ezivelisa umbane ngamanzi. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kwandisa ubuzaza bembalela.
Kulo isitya seMediteraIziphumo ziye zabonakala ekulahlekeni kwezityalo-kunye ne-50% yehla kwimveliso yeoli ye-olive eSpain-, ukunciphisa amanani emfuyo e-Morocco, kunye nokubonakala kwee-sinkholes eTurkey ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa kwe-aquifers. UMzantsi Yurophu kunye noMntla Afrika Bakwathwaxwa ngamaza obushushu bembali kunye nokwehla okubonakalayo koovimba bamanzi, okubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokunyusa amaxabiso eemveliso ezisisiseko.
En Latin AmericaIAmazon iye yanembali ephantsi ekuqukuqeleni kwemilambo, eneziphumo ezimandundu kwindalo nakwintlalontle njengokubhubha kwenyambalala yeentlanzi ezisengozini yokuphela kunye namahlengesi, kunye nokuphazamiseka kunikezelo lwamanzi okusela. Uthutho lwehlabathi kunye norhwebo luye lwachatshazelwa kukunciphisa izithuthi ngePanama Canal, i-hub ebalulekileyo yorhwebo lwaselwandle lwamazwe ngamazwe, ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi. Utshintsho kwiimeko zendawo luchaphazela ukubunjwa kwamafu kunye nemvula..
El EMazantsi mpuma eAsia IUnited States nayo ayikhange isinde kule ngxaki: imveliso yezityalo eziphambili njengerayisi, iswekile, nekofu yehle kakhulu, inyusa amaxabiso yaye yandisa iingxaki zokhuseleko lokutya. Ngaphezu koko, ukungena kwetyuwa kwiidelta ezifana neMekong kushiye amawakawaka eentsapho engenamanzi okusela.
I-El Niño nokutshintsha kwemozulu: oonobangela bembalela egqithisileyo
Enye yezinto ezibangele ubuzaza bembalela yakutsha nje kuku Isiganeko se-El Niño kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathiNgo-2023 kunye no-2024, amaqondo obushushu ehlabathi afikelele kwirekhodi eliphezulu, ukwandisa amaxesha omileyo kunye nokunyuka kwamanzi okuba ngumphunga emhlabeni kunye namadama. Oku kuchaphazela ngqo izityalo esele zisesichengeni kunye ne-ecosystem.
Ngaphaya koko, ukufudumala kwehlabathi kuguqula imijikelo yemvula kunye nokukhuthaza ukwenzeka kweziganeko eziqatha, ezinje ngokubizwa ngokuba “yi-whiplashes yemvula,” utshintsho olukhawulezileyo phakathi kwembalela enkulu kunye nezikhukula, ezenza kube nzima kwezolimo ukulungelelanisa nokulawula ubutyebi bendalo. I-anticyclone kunye nefuthe layo kwimbalela kunye namaqondo okushisa aphezulu.
Iziphumo zentlalo nezoqoqosho: abona bantu basemngciphekweni, abachaphazeleka kakhulu
La Ingxaki yembalela inefuthe elingalinganiyo kakhulu kwezentlaloAbafazi, abantwana, amafama nabantu abakhulileyo baphakathi kwawona maqela asengozini. EMpuma Afrika, ukunyuka kwemitshato enyanzelwayo, ingakumbi yamantombazana, kunxulunyaniswa nokulahlekelwa yimithombo yezoqoqosho kwiintsapho ezichaphazelekayo. Ukwanda kokungondleki kunye namazinga okuyeka isikolo kuye kwaphawulwa.
Imingcipheko yempilo iyanda ngokuvela kwezifo ezifana nekholera, ukungondleki, kunye nokunqongophala kokufikelela kumanzi acocekileyo. Kwimeko yokusingqongileyo, ukufa kwezilwanyana zasendle kuyothusa: ukusuka kwiindlovu eZimbabwe ukuya kumahlengesi asemlanjeni eAmazon kunye neimvubu eBotswana, imbalela ibeka isoyikiso kwizinto eziphilayo.
Iziphumo zoqoqosho nazo zibalulekile. Iindleko zembalela ziphindaphindeke kabini ukusukela ngo-2000 kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ziya kunyuka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-110% kule minyaka ilishumi izayo ukuba akukho manyathelo athathwayo. Phakathi kwezona lahleko ziphawulekayo kukuhla kwemveliso yezolimo, ukuphela kombane, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezithengiswayo, kunye nenkcitho ephezulu kwiziseko ezingundoqo nempilo yoluntu.
