ICatalonia iyishiyile ngokusesikweni imeko yonxunguphalo ngenxa yembalela ngasemva. eyaphawula lo mmandla ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu. Emva kothotho lweemvula ezinamandla kwiinyanga zamva nje, imeko yamadama iye yaphucuka kakhulu. Umthamo wamanzi agciniweyo uphinda usondele kumanqanaba angaphambili., nangona iingcali zilumkisa ngelokuba amanxeba eli xesha lokunqongophala asekho kwiindawo ezininzi.
Phakathi kuka-2021 kunye no-2024, indawo yaseCatalan yafumana imbalela embi kakhulu kwimbali yayo yamva nje.. I-Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya (i-Meteocat) iqinisekisile ukuba esi siqendu asizange sibekho ngaphambili kuba iirekhodi zikhona kwaye, ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa koovimba, Ukungabikho kwamanzi aqokelelwe ngaloo minyaka akukasonjululwa ngokupheleleyoEnyanisweni, zilishumi elinesihlanu kuphela kwiinyanga ze-44 eziye zabona imvula eqhelekileyo, ebonisa ubunzima kunye nobude bokunqongophala kwamanzi.
Into engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kunye nomxholo wayo wemozulu
Idatha yeMeteocat ityhila oko Eli xesha lembalela liyinxalenye yenkqubo ebanzi yokomisa kwintshona yeMeditera. Ngokutsho kweengcali, oku ayisiyonto nje i-anomaly, kodwa yindlela yexesha elide: ummandla uhlangabezana imvula encinci kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu igcinwe amashumi eminyaka. I-sub-basins yaseMantla nasempuma yeCatalonia-efana neMuga, Fluvià kunye neTer-bonisa ukuthambekela okukhulu kokoma, ibeka uluntu oluzimeleyo njengeyona ndawo iphambili yempembelelo yemozulu kwindawo yeMeditera.
Ngexesha le-2022, 2023 kunye ne-2024, Iqondo lobushushu elingaqhelekanga ligqithise kwiidigri ezi-2 xa kuthelekiswa nomndilili wembali, inani elibeka iCatalonia phambili kunezixeko ezikhulu zehlabathi ngokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, kude kudlule izixeko ezinjengeNew Delhi, iTokyo, neAthene. Ngokomzekelo, iBarcelona, ​​ifumene i-anomaly ye-2,5 degrees, imeko engazange ibonwe ngaphambili kwiirekhodi zemozulu zangaphambili.
Ukubuyisela emva kwexesha elinzima
Ukunqongophala kwemvula kubangele ukwehla okubukhali koovimba bamanzi kumadama angaphakathi eCatalonia. ukufikelela kwimbali esezantsi ye-14% umthamo ekuqaleni kuka-2024Le meko yabangela ukuba urhulumente waseCatalan abhengeze imeko yonxunguphalo yembalela, ebeka imiqathango eyachaphazela abemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezithandathu, ingakumbi kummandla we-Barcelona kunye neendawo ezithile zaseGirona.
Iimvula ezirekhodiweyo phakathi kwentwasahlobo kunye nehlobo lika-2025 zitshintshe imbonakalo. Inkqubo ye-Ter-Llobregat, eyona mthombo wamanzi kumbindi weCatalan, ifumene amanqanaba angaphezu kwama-77%, Inani elingazange libonwe iminyaka. Oku kunyuswa kuvumele uninzi lwezithintelo ukuba ziphakanyiswe kwaye iimpahla zibuyele kwesiqhelo, zizise izitya ezingaphakathi elizweni kunye neendawo zokugcina amanzi malunga ne-78% yomthamo wazo.
Phezu kwako nje oku kuphucuka, iingcali zithi umjikelo wamanzi usathwaxwa yimbalela yeminyaka. Imvula yakutsha nje ibinamandla, kodwa ayonelanga ukuhlawulela intsilelo eqokelelweyo.. I-Meteocat isikhumbuza ukuba ukubuyiswa okupheleleyo akufuni kuphela iziqephu ezimanzi ngamaxesha athile, kodwa kwakhona intsingiselo ezinzileyo yesiqhelo kwimvula.
Uthelekiso lonyaka kunye nemeko yangoku yamadama
Ukujonga idatha yangoku, Umgangatho wamadama uphindaphindeke kabini ukuba kubhalwe kanye kunyaka ophelileyo, xa bengekafiki kwi-37%. Umthamo uwonke wamanzi agciniweyo mkhulu kakhulu kunexesha elinye kunyaka ophelileyo kwaye ukwadlula umyinge weminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. Ukubuyiswa kubonakala ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo eziphambili ezifana ne-Ter-Llobregat kunye neendawo zokugcina amanzi ezilawulwa yi-Ebro Hydrographic Confederation yeLleida kunye neTarragona, phantse zonke zingaphezu kwe-75% yamandla abo.
Inkqubo yamanzi yaseCatalan iquka zombini amadama amakhulu—iSau, iSusqueda, iBaells, iLlosa del Cavall, neSant Ponç—kunye namancinane angaphandle kwenkqubo ephambili, njengeDarnius Boadella, Foix, Siurana, neRiudecanyes. Zonke zirekhoda amaxabiso afanayo okanye aphezulu kunedatha ngaphambi kwembalela. Kwaye, ngokutsho kweCatalan Water Agency (ACA), ukubeka iliso kwimihla ngemihla kungundoqo ekufumaneni utshintsho olunokwenzeka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwehlobo.
Umjikelo owandayo kunye nemingeni yexesha elizayo
Ingxelo yeMeteocat igxininisa ukuba Ukuxhaphaka kunye nokuqina kwembalela kunyuke kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-21Ukongeza kwintlekele ka-2021-2024, lo mmandla ufumene esinye isiganeko esinzima phakathi kuka-2004 no-2008. Amaxesha okumanzi phakathi kwembalela ngoku mafutshane, oku kuthetha ukuba iziqendu zokunqongophala kwamanzi zenzeka ngexesha elincinci lokubuyela. Ukudityaniswa kwemvula encinci kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kwandisa ububha.Oku kunokukhokelela, ngokutsho kweengcali zemozulu, kwimbalela egqithisileyo ingaphindi iphinde ivele kwixesha elizayo, kodwa nakwiimeko ezinokuguqula ngokungenakulungiseka ukumila komhlaba.
Imeko yaseCatalonia yinxalenye yendlela yehlabathi jikelele kwintshona yeMeditera, apho inkqubo yokumisa ixhaphake. Ngokutsho kweengcali, Ulawulo olusebenzayo lobutyebi bamanzi kunye nokucwangciswa kwemimandla kuya kuba yimfuneko ukunciphisa ifuthe lembalela yexesha elizayo. Abasemagunyeni bagxininisa ukubaluleka kokulungiswa kweziseko ezingundoqo kunye nezicwangciso zokubonelela ukujongana nale mingeni.
Sithetha nje, phezu kwako nje ukuphucuka, iingcali zilumkisa ngelithi masingayeki ukulinda kwethu. Amava akutsha nje eCatalonia agxininisa imfuneko yokuba iliso elibukhali lokuzivelela kobutyebi bamanzi kunye nokulindela iimpendulo kwiziqendu ezitsha zokunqongophala ezinokubakho, eziya kuthi, ngokutsho kwazo zonke iingqikelelo, zithande ukuxhaphaka kwaye ziqatha kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.