El Arctic Ngomnye wemimandla echatshazelwa kakhulu yi ukufudumala kwehlabathi, into etshintsha kakhulu imbonakalo yomhlaba kunye nobomi kule nxalenye yesi sijikelezi-langa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iArctic iye yabona ilahleko eyothusayo yomkhenkce, uphawu olucacileyo lokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2016, iGreenland yaxelwa ukuba ilahlekelwe phantse I-3,000 yeegigatons zomkhenkce ngelo xesha.
Umfoti waseBhritane uTimo Lieber, owaziwayo ngemifanekiso yakhe yasemoyeni ekhethekileyo, usinika imbono eyodwa ngale nyaniso imbi. Umsebenzi wakhe awubonisi nje ubuhle bendawo, kodwa usebenza njengesikhumbuzo esinamandla semiphumo izenzo zethu ezinazo kwindalo. Omnye weyona mifanekiso yakhe imangalisayo, efana neliso lomntu, ujongene nathi ngalo mbuzo senza ntoni?
Oku kwanda kobushushu kwi-Arctic, malunga 2 degrees Celsius ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo, isenokubonakala ingenamsebenzi, kodwa imiphumo yayo iyingozi. Olu tshintsho luncinci lobushushu lwanele ukujika umkhenkce oqinileyo ube ngamanzi, ukudala iintanda kunye nokunciphisa izakhiwo zomkhenkce ezizinzile ngaphambili. Ukongeza, i Ukunyibilika kwe-arctic Yinto eyothusayo esoloko ibhalwe ngamaziko ahlukeneyo enzululwazi. Uhlalutyo lwe iziphumo zokunyibilika eSpain ibonisa indlela olu tshintsho olunempembelelo ngayo kwihlabathi.
Ukunyamalala kwe-ice sheet akuchaphazeli abantu kuphela, kodwa kunye nezilwanyana zasendle zase-Arctic, ezifana ne iibhere ezimnyama. Ezi zilwanyana zanyisayo, emva kokuphuma kwi-hibernation, zixhomekeke kwindawo eqinileyo ukuzingela kunye nokutya. Njengoko umkhenkce usiya uphela, indawo abahlala kuyo iya isiba mandundu yaye baya bengakwazi ukufumana ukutya. Imeko inzima, kwaye i iibhere ezimnyama Bajamelana nocelomngeni olukhulu ngakumbi ukuze baphile, njengoko kungqinwa luhlolisiso lwakutshanje kwindlela abatya ngayo.
Njengoko icwecwe lomkhenkce liya lisiba buthathaka, amaqhekeza omkhenkce abumba, athi, xa kungekho meko zilungileyo, anyibilike, abe negalelo ekunyukeni komkhenkce. ulwandle emhlabeni jikelele. Oku, kubangela izikhukula kwimimandla engaselunxwemeni nakwiziqithi ezisemazantsi, ezichaphazela izigidi zabantu nenkqubo yendalo. Lo mcimbi ngumboniso ocacileyo wempembelelo ethi ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunye neziphumo zayo kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Uqikelelo lokunyuka komphakamo wolwandle luya lusoyikisa.
Iimpembelelo zokufudumala kwehlabathi kwi-Arctic
Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kudala i-domino effect kwi-ecosystem ye-Arctic, ehamba ngaphaya kokunyibilika komkhenkce wolwandle. Ukuncipha kumphezulu womkhenkce kuguqula i albedo yesijikelezi-langa, oko kukuthi, amandla okubuyisela ukukhanya kwelanga emajukujukwini. Xa umphezulu omhlophe oqaqambileyo womkhenkce unyamalala, iindawo ezimnyama zolwandle zifunxa ngakumbi amandla elanga, nto leyo ebangela ukufudumala okongezelelekileyo. Lo mcimbi uyinxalenye ye ifuthe lamaqondo obushushu abanjwe lungcoliseko iqatsele kwingingqi. Uphononongo lwe umahluko phakathi kokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nobushushu behlabathi kubalulekile ukuqonda le nkqubo.
Uqikelelo lwemozulu lucebisa ukuba ukuba lo mkhwa uyaqhubeka, sinokubona ihlobo ngaphandle komkhenkce wolwandle kuLwandlekazi lweArctic phakathi kwinkulungwane, nto leyo yayiza kuba neempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kwihlabathi. Ukongeza, i Umkhenkce waseGreenland ikhawulezisa ilahleko yayo, enokuba negalelo ekunyukeni komphakamo wolwandle ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezininzi kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezizayo. Ukuze uqonde ngcono le nto, kubalulekile ukuhlola imvelaphi yobushushu behlabathi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Iimpembelelo kwiintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Ukulahleka komkhenkce kunye nokufudumala kwamanzi e-Arctic kuchaphazela ngaphezu kwezilwanyana zaselwandle kuphela. I-biodiversity kulo mmandla ibanzi kwaye iyahluka, kuquka iintaka ezifudukayo, iintlanzi kunye nezilwanyana ezincancisayo zaselwandle, zonke zinxibelelene ngolungelelwano oluethe-ethe. Njengoko umkhenkce uhlehla, iintlobo ezixhomekeke kule ndawo yokuhlala nazo zisemngciphekweni. Umzekelo, amatywina ezisemancinci emkhenkceni zisongelwa kukunyamalala kwazo, nto leyo echaphazela amarhamncwa axhomekeke kuwo, njengeengonyama zolwandle kunye neebhere ezimhlophe. Ukuncipha kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwiArctic ngumba obalulekileyo ofuna ukuqwalaselwa, kuba ezinye izilwanyana zisengozini yokuphela.
I-Atlantification Phenomenon
Kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi Atlantification, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu olwandle kubangela ukuba amanzi ashushu asuka eAtlantiki afikelele kwizide eziphakamileyo kwiArctic. Le nkqubo ayichaphazeli nje kuphela ukubunjwa komkhenkce ngexesha lasebusika, kodwa ikwachaphazela i-ecosystems yendawo kwaye inokuguqula iipatheni zemozulu kwiindawo ezikude. Le nto ngumzekelo ocacileyo wendlela ukufudumala kwehlabathi kuqala ngayo utshintsho kwimikhwa yendalo iqabaka.
Ukufakwa kweAtlantiki kunciphisa amandla omkhenkce wolwandle ukuba aphinde aphile kwakhona ngeenyanga ezibandayo, oko kubeka esichengeni umjikelo wendalo wokuyilwa komkhenkce kunye nokunyibilika. Lo mjikelo ubukade uqikelelwa ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa ubushushu obutsha kunye neepateni zetyuwa zibangela utshintsho olungalindelekanga. I ukuguqulwa komjikelo wendalo ichaphazela kakhulu i-ecosystem ye-Arctic.
Iziphumo zehlabathi
Okwenzeka kwiArctic akuphelelanga kulo mmandla kuphela. Imozulu yehlabathi ichatshazelwa lutshintsho olwenzeka kwiArctic, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho iimeko ezimbi kakhulu zemozulu kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Umzekelo, ukufudumala kweArctic kuye kwanxulunyaniswa noku amagagasi abandayo ezingisa ngakumbi kwimimandla efana neYurophu kunye noMntla Melika. Oku kungenxa yokuba jet umlambo, elawula imozulu kule mimandla, iguqulwa kukufudumala kwendawo epholileyo. Ukuze sibe nombono obanzi, sinokuhlalutya ukuba njani kuLwandlekazi lweArctic ichaphazela imozulu yomhlaba wonke.
Nangona iArctic isenokubonakala ikude, impilo yayo ibalulekile kulungelelwaniso lwemozulu yehlabathi. Ilahleko yomkhenkce kunye nokutshintsha kwe-ecosystem ayichaphazeli kuphela iintlobo zezityalo ezihlala apho, kodwa ikwaneziphumo ezifikelela kude kwiplanethi yonke, iqaqambisa ukudityaniswa kwazo zonke iinkqubo zebhayoloji neklimati yoMhlaba.
