Inqwelomoya yorhwebo idibene nengxaki engalindelekanga njengoko ibuthathaka: Imitha yelanga emandla inyanzelise i-Airbus ukuba iodole uhlengahlengiso kwiinqwelomoya ezingama-6.500 yosapho lwe-A320 olusasazwe kwihlabathi jikelele. Umlinganiselo, ochaphazela iinkampani zeenqwelomoya ezilishumi, ukhuthaza ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo akhawulezileyo kwicandelo ukuqinisa ukhuseleko ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwemihla ngemihla.
Umenzi waseYurophu ufumanise ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo iziqendu zokusebenza ngamandla elanga unakho data eyonakeleyo ebalulekileyo edityaniswe kulawulo lokubhabhaOku kukhokelele kwisilumkiso sehlabathi jikelele kunye nokubiza uhlaziyo lwesoftware olukhawulezileyo kwaye, apho kuyimfuneko, ukutshintshwa kwehardware. Ngelixa umyalezo unyanzeliswa, injongo echaziweyo icacile: ukubeka phambili ukhuseleko ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, kwanangeendleko zokuphazamiseka kunye nohlengahlengiso lomzuzu wokugqibela.
Isiganeko sokuhamba ngenqwelomoya esibonisa umngcipheko wemitha yelanga
Imvelaphi yesi silumkiso sisuka emva kwisiganeko esirekhodiweyo Ngo-Oktobha 30 kwindiza yeJetBlue phakathi kweCancun neNewarkInqwelomoya kwafuneka ijike kwaye ifike kwindawo kaxakeka eTampa, eFlorida. Esi siganeko sibangele ukuba abakhweli abali-15 bonzakele kwaye babangele uphando olunzulu lobugcisa kwiinkqubo zenqwelomoya.
Ngokwolwazi olupapashwe ngu IxeshaUhlalutyo olulandelayo lwabonisa ukusilela okunokwenzeka kwi Inkqubo ye-elac, unoxanduva lokulawula inxalenye yolawulo lwenqwelomoya. Nangona uphando olusemthethweni lusaqhubeka, ukudibanisa kokungaphumeleli kwinkqubo ebuthathaka kunye nefuthe lemitha yelanga enamandla Oku kwanele ukumisa iintsimbi ze-alamu kwi-Airbus kunye naphakathi kwabalawuli.
Kwimpendulo ekhawulezileyo, umenzi ukhuphe a Ugqithiso lwesilumkiso kuBasebenzi (AOT)Olu luhlobo lonxibelelwano olungxamisekileyo olujoliswe kuzo zonke iinqwelomoya ezisebenza kwiimodeli ezichaphazelekayo. Esi silumkiso, esele sisasazwa a Emergency Airworthiness Directive yi-European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), inyanzela abasebenzi ukuba benze izilungiso ngexesha elibekiweyo.
Ngamazwi enkampani, i-Airbus iyavuma ukuba ezi ngcebiso Baza kubangela ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwabo bobabini abakhweli kunye nabathengi, kwaye uye waxolisa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka, egxininisa ukuba iya kusebenza ngokusondeleyo neenqwelo-moya ukunciphisa impembelelo.
Ngaphezulu kweenqwelomoya ze-6.500 eziphantsi koqwalaselo: zeziphi iimodeli kunye noluphi utshintsho olufunekayo
Izibalo ezipapashwe ngamajelo akhethekileyo, ngokusekelwe kwidatha evela kwi-Airbus kunye necandelo, ibonisa ukuba ubuncinane iinqwelomoya ezingama-6.500 ezivela kusapho lwe-A320 Baya kufuna uhlobo oluthile lokuguqulwa. Sithetha ngezona modeli zisetyenziswa kakhulu ezimfutshane neziphakathi kwiplanethi, nangaphezulu kuneBoeing 737.
Kuloo sapho kukho aba A319, A320 kunye A321, kuquka A320neoeziyinxalenye ephambili yothungelwano lohambo olufutshane kunye noluphakathi lweqela leenqwelo-moya. NgoSeptemba kuphela, i-A320 kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo ziye zaqhutywa ngaphezulu kwe-1,4 yezigidi zeendiza kwaye banikezela ngezihlalo ezimalunga nezigidi ezisibhozo mihla le, nto leyo enika umbono wokufikelela okunokwenzeka kwaso nasiphi na isiganeko esibachaphazelayo.
Isisombululo esicetywe yi-Airbus siquka indlela enamanqanaba amabini. Kwisandle esinye, malunga nesibini kwisithathu seenqwelomoya Banokuphinda baqalise imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ngokufaka kwakhona a inguqulelo yangaphambili yesoftware ulawulo, inkqubo edla ngokugqitywa kwisithuba seeyure kwaye inokwenziwa ngokuthatha inzuzo yokuvalwa okucwangcisiweyo.
Kuyo yonke inqwelomoya, ingxaki inzima kakhulu: kuya kufuneka buyisela amacandelo e-hardware ezinxulumene neenkqubo ezichatshazelwa yimitha yelanga. Kwezi meko, ixesha lokuphumla linokuhlala iintsuku ezininzi, kunye nomngcipheko wokurhoxiswa, ukuhlengahlengiswa, kunye noxinzelelo olwandisiweyo kucwangciso lwezithuthi.
Kulo mongo, iinkampani ezininzi sele zisebenze izicwangciso ezinokwenzeka ukusasaza umthwalo womsebenzi phakathi kweziseko zolondolozo, ukulungelelanisa ngokutsha iinqwelo-moya ezikhoyo kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, kubhenelwe kuqeshiso olumanzi (ukuqasha inqwelomoya kunye nabasebenzi) ukugubungela iindlela ezibalulekileyo ngelixa ulungiso lugqityiwe.
Iinqwelomoya ezichaphazelekayo: IYurophu kwindawo ebonakalayo, kodwa inempembelelo yehlabathi
Uluhlu lwabathwali abachatshazelwa sesi silumkiso lubandakanya iinqwelomoya zaseYurophu, eMelika, naseAsia. I-Times ikhankanya phakathi kwezona zibhenceke kakhulu EasyJet, Wizz Air, American Airlines, ANA Holdings (kuquka iPeach Aviation), IJetstar Airways, Korean Air kunye neUnited AirlinesUkongeza, iinkampani ezininzi zaseIndiya ziyalelwe ngumlawuli wazo ukuba zingabhabhi inqwelomoya ngaphandle kokulungiswa.
EYurophu, imeko ye elulaJet Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi: inkampani yaseBritane ineenqwelomoya ezingaphezulu kwe-350 A319, A320, kunye ne-A321 kwiinqanawa zayo, uninzi lwayo luvela kusapho lwe-neo. Le ngqokelela yeenqwelomoya evela kumenzi ofanayo ithetha ukuba nasiphi na isilumkiso sobugcisa sobu bukhulu sinako ukuguqula ngokukhawuleza amandla ayo okusebenza, ukunyanzelisa ukulungiswa kweeshedyuli kunye neefrikhwensi.
Kwakhona eUnited Kingdom, zeenqwelo moya eziphambili ezifana Gatwick, Heathrow kunye noLuton Bayibeke esweni le meko. Okwangoku, abasemagunyeni kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya abalindelanga ukuphazamiseka okukhulu, kodwa bacebisa abahambi ukuba bathabathe amanyathelo okhuseleko. Jongana nenkampani yakho yenqwelomoya phambi kokuba ubhabhe ukuqinisekisa utshintsho olunokwenzeka lweshedyuli okanye ukurhoxiswa komzuzu wokugqibela.
Iinkampani ezifana British Airways, Aer Lingus okanye Jet2 Baye babonisa ukuba inani leenqwelomoya ezichaphazelekayo kwiinqwelo zabo zincinci kwaye uhlaziyo lwesoftware luyenziwa. ngaphandle kokutshintsha ngokubalulekileyo iinkqubo zenqwelomoyaNangona kunjalo, umyalezo ucacile: ubulumko, ukuqaphela, kunye nokuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza kuzo naziphi na izikhokelo ezitsha ezivela kubavelisi kunye nabalawuli.
Kwimarike Asia, nabaqhubi ezifana I-ANA Holdings kunye ne-Korean Air Baye baqalisa nokuhlengahlengisa iishedyuli nokulungelelanisa namagunya abo elizwe, ngoxa beseUnited States Iinqwelomoya zaseMelika kunye neUnited Basebenza kunye ne-Airbus kunye ne-FAA ukugqiba uhlaziyo phakathi kwamaxesha acetyiswayo.
Imeko yaseSpain: uhlengahlengiso olulawulwayo kunye nomyalezo wokuzola
Kwimeko yaseSpain, kugxilwe kwiinqwelomoya ezisebenzisa usapho lwe-A320 ngamandla. I-Iberia iqinisekisile ukuba sele izalisekisa utshintsho oluyimfuneko kwinxalenye yeenqanawa zayo, ilandela imiyalelo ye-Airbus kunye neengcebiso zabasemagunyeni baseYurophu.
Inkampani iye yagxininisa ukuba Inkqubo iqhutywa ngendlela ekhuselekileyo ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye ayilindelanga, ubuncinci kwixesha elifutshane, igagasi lokurhoxiswa okanye ukulibaziseka okunxulumene ngqo nesi silumkiso. Iyavuma ukuba iya kuqhubeka ukwazisa abakhweli ngalo naluphi na uphuhliso lwendlela yokusebenza, ngeenzame zokugcina izinto elubala kwaye zithintele ukuphazamiseka ngexesha lonyaka ophakamileyo.
Abanye abaqhubi ababhabha ukuya nokubuya kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya zaseSpain ngenqwelomoya yosapho i-A320 - njengabathwali bexabiso eliphantsi laseYurophu - Bantywiliselwe kuphononongo olufanayo kunye neenkqubo zokuhlaziyaUkuza kuthi ga ngoku, uluvo ngokubanzi kukuba impembelelo ilawulwa ngendlela ethile, ithatha ithuba leeshifti zasebusuku kunye neefestile zolondolozo esele zicwangcisiwe.
Ukusuka kwimbono yolawulo, i I-AESA idlala indima ephambili njengombutho onoxanduva lokutolika isilumkiso se-Airbus kwisiyalelo sokulungelwa komoya ngexesha likaxakeka. Esi sikhokelo somthetho sibophelela zonke iinkampani zeenqwelo moya phantsi kwesambulela sayo ukuba zithobele imihla ebekiweyo kunye neemfuno zohlaziyo, kungekho ndawo yokuhlehliswa ngenxa yezizathu zorhwebo.
Kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya zaseSpain, indlela yangoku yenye yesiqhelo esiphaphileyo: imisebenzi eqhelekileyo iyaqhubeka ngelixa iinqwelomoya zihlengahlengisa iinqwelo-moya zazo, kodwa ukuphazamiseka okungakumbi akunakuthintelwa. Iziganeko ezizimeleyo kwiindlela ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwee-A320s ukuba nayiphi na inqwelomoya kufuneka ihlale phantsi ixesha elide kunoko belilindelwe.
Imitha yelanga kunye nokubhabha: umceli mngeni okhulayo wezobuchwepheshe
Ngaphandle kwemeko ethile ye-Airbus, isiqendu sibuyisela phambili indima ye imitha yelanga njengesoyikiso kwiinkqubo zombane izixhobo ezichanekileyo ezixhobisa iinqwelomoya zale mihla. Ngamaxesha omsebenzi welanga ophakamileyo, amasuntswana ahlawuliswayo akhutshwa liLanga anokungena kwi-atmosfera kwaye abangele ukuphazamiseka kwizixhobo ezibuthathaka ngakumbi.
Kwinqwelomoya, oku kuchaphazela izinto ezahlukeneyo njenge izixhobo zokubhabha, ukukhangela kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano okanye inxalenye ye-electronics ebandakanyekayo ekulawuleni iinjini kunye neendawo zokulawula. Le ayisiyonto intsha, kodwa ukuntsonkotha okwandayo kunye nokufakwa kwidijithali kwenqwelomoya kwandisa isidingo soyilo. iinkqubo ezomelele ngakumbi ezichasene nolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka.
Iziqendu ze izaqhwithi zelanga okanye i-coronal mass ejections Kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu, zinokubangela ukungaphumeleli okwethutyana, iimpazamo zokufunda inzwa, okanye ukuqalisa kwakhona kweemodyuli ezithile zekhompyuter. Ngenxa yoku kunokwenzeka, Abavelisi banyanzelekile ukuba bahlale behlaziya uyilo yamacandelo ayo, ukhuselo ngokuchasene namasuntswana anamandla kunye nezicwangciso zokuphinda-phinda.
Kulo mongo, into esiyibonayo nge-Airbus inokutolikwa njenge ukukhawuleziswa kophuculo obelusele luphezu kwetafile ukulungiselela umjikelo olandelayo wencopho yomsebenzi welanga. Imfuno ngoku kukuba ezi zisombululo ziphunyezwe ngokukhawuleza, kungekho ndawo yokuphucula kwaye phantsi kokuhlolwa kwabasemagunyeni kunye nabathengi.
Kumkhweli, konke oku kuguqulela kwinto eyinyani engabonakali kakhulu kwisihlalo senqwelomoya, kodwa isisiseko: Uninzi lomsebenzi wokhuseleko lwenziwa phantsi, ngendlela yohlaziyo, iimvavanyo kunye neziqinisekiso, ngokuchanekileyo ukwenzela ukuba iinqwelomoya ziqhube ngokuqhelekileyo nangona iLanga lingaphumli ngokukodwa.
Isabela njani i-Airbus kunye neenqwelomoya?
Impendulo ye-Airbus iye yakhiwe malunga nemigca emininzi yesenzo ngexesha elinye. Okokuqala, ukukhutshwa kwe-AOT kuye kwasebenza Qalisa uhlengahlengiso olukhulu kwaye ubeke phambili eyona nqwelomoya ibalulekileyonokuba kungenxa yeendlela ezisebenza kuzo, ubudala bazo, okanye uqwalaselo oluthile lweenkqubo zabo.
Ngokunxuseneyo, amaqela obunjineli asebenza Uphuculo lwetekhnoloji oludibanisa utshintsho lwesoftware kunye nokuguqulwa kwehardwareukwenzela ukuphakamisa umda wokunyamezela kweenkqubo kwimitha yelanga. Oku akukhona nje ukulungisa ingxaki ekhawulezileyo, kodwa malunga nokomeleza uyilo lokumelana neziganeko ezifanayo zexesha elizayo.
Enye intsika yempendulo yile intsebenziswano namaqumrhu alawulayo kunye neenqwelomoyaNgaphandle kwemvume evela kumagunya afana ne-AESA okanye i-FAA, akukho sisombululo sinokusetyenziswa kuyo yonke ibhodi. Ke ngoko, iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa ziyakhawuleziswa ukuze uhlaziyo lufikelele kwiinqwelomoya ezininzi kangangoko kwixeshana elifutshane.
Iinkampani zeenqwelo moya, kwelazo icala, kuye kwafuneka ukuba zityhile iphazili yokwenyani yokusebenza. Isuka e ulungelelwaniso ngokutsha lwezithuthi ukugubungela iindlela eziphambili Ukususela ekulungiseni iishedyuli ukulungelelanisa kunye neenqwelo-moya kunye neenkonzo zokuphatha, injongo kukufumana impembelelo ngaphandle kokuwa kwenethiwekhi ye-flight.
Kwezinye iimeko, iinkampani ziye zakhetha ukwazisa abathengi babo malunga nokuba kunokwenzeka utshintsho oluncinci kudweliso lwenkquboAbakhweli bayakhuthazwa ukuba bajonge isimo sabo senqwelomoya phambi kokuba baye kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya. Ngelixa isiphithiphithi esixhaphakileyo singalindelekanga, nakuphi na ukusebenza ngolu hlobo kusoloko kushiya indawo yokothuka ngomzuzu wokugqibela.
Wonke lo msebenzi ujikeleze imitha yelanga kunye nenqwelomoya ye-Airbus ishiya umbono ocacileyo: Ukhuseleko lomoya luhlala luyinjongo ephononongwa rhoqoKwanaxa kuthetha ukuhlola amawaka eenqwelo-moya kunye nokufumana iindleko ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza. Kubakhweli kunye neenqwelomoya, umceli mngeni uhlala kuhlaziyo, uhlengahlengiso, kunye nokungaqiniseki okwethutyana, ngeso elijonge kwikamva apho iinkqubo zinokumelana ngakumbi kwinto engalindelekanga njengomsebenzi welanga.
