Ukudalwa kwamafu okwenziwa kunye nokuguqulwa kwemozulu Le yimixholo eye yabangela umdla kwizazinzulu noorhulumente ehlabathini lonke. Ngeziphumo ezikhulayo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye ne ukunqongophala kwamanzi Kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, i-cloud seeding ibe sisicwangciso sokuvelisa imvula eyenziweyo. Nangona obu buchule bungekho mtsha, kwiminyaka yakutshanje bufumene ukubaluleka okukhulu ngenxa ye ingxaki yamanzi kwihlabathi.
Inkqubo ibandakanya ukwazisa amasuntswana emafini ukuvuselela ukujiya nokukhuthaza imvula. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ingxoxo enzulu malunga nokusebenza kwayo, iingozi zayo zokusingqongileyo kunye nefuthe layo kwiipateni zemozulu zexesha elide. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa ngokweenkcukacha indlela amafu enziwe ngayo, iindlela ezisetyenziswayo, imbali yawo nemiphumo anokuba nayo kwimozulu yehlabathi.
Yintoni ukutyala amafu?
Imbewu yamafu Bubuchule bokuguqula imozulu esetyenziselwa ukubangela imvula kwiindawo apho kukho imbalela okanye ukunciphisa imozulu embi kakhulu isichotho. Le ndlela isekelwe kukusasazwa kwezinto ezisemoyeni ezisebenza njengee nuclei zokujiya, nto leyo evumela ukufuma ukuba kuhlangane kunye kuze kugaleleke njengemvula okanye ikhephu.
Las izinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimbewu yelifu ibandakanya i iodide yesilivere, umkhenkce owomileyo (icarbon dioxide eqinileyo) kunye ne sal. Ezi zinto zinokusasazwa kwiinqwelomoya okanye ngeenkanunu eziphantsi komhlaba, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu kunye nohlobo lwelifu elijoliswe kuyo.
Iindlela eziphambili zokwenza amafu okwenziwa
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokutyala ilifu, nganye ine- injongo ethile kuxhomekeke kwimeko ye-atmospheric kunye neenjongo ezifunwayo.
- Ukuhlwayela nge-iodide yesilivere: Amasuntswana eSilver iodide akhutshelwa emafini ngethemba lokuba aya kusebenza njengee nuclei zokujiya. Yakhe isakhiwo sekristale Iyafana naleyo yomkhenkce, eyenza kube lula ukubunjwa kwe amathontsi emvula.
- Imbewu yomkhenkce eyomileyo: Ukwazisa umkhenkce owomileyo kwilifu kunciphisa lobushushu ngaphakathi, kubangela icrystallization yamanzi akhoyo kunye nokwandisa amathuba okuba nemvula.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweekhompawundi zehygroscopic: Ezinye iindlela zamva nje ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwetyuwa eqhelekileyo (sodium chloride) ukunyusa umanyano amathontsi phakathi kwamafu, avelisa imvula.
- Ukothuka kombane ngeedrones: Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-United Arab Emirates iye yazama ngeedrones ezikhuphayo iindleko zombane emafini, ukukhuthaza umanyano lwamathontsi amanzi ngaphandle kwesidingo semichiza yeekhemikhali.
Imbali kunye nokuvela kwembewu yamafu
Ukuguqulwa kwemozulu eyenziweyo ayiyonto yanamhlanje. Ngeminyaka yee-1940, isazinzulu saseMelika UVincent Schaefer Wafumanisa ukuba ngokusasaza umkhenkce owomileyo kwigumbi elibandayo, iikristale zekhephu zinokuvela, nto leyo eyakhokelela kuvavanyo lokuqala kwiindawo ezivulekileyo.
Ukususela ngoko, amazwe amaninzi aphunyeziwe iinkqubo zokutyala ilifu ukuphucula ukufumaneka kwabo kwamanzi. Ngokomzekelo, iTshayina ineyona nkqubo inebhongo yokuguqula imozulu, ngenjongo yokubangela imvula imimandla eyomileyo.
Ukusebenza kunye neengxabano
Ukusebenza kwembewu yefu kuhlala kungumba wengxoxo. xoxa. Ngelixa eminye imimandla ibone ukunyuka kwemvula, ezinye izifundo zibonisa iziphumo ezinokubakho minima okanye kunzima ukulinganisa ngayo kuchaneka.
Ezinye izazinzulu zilumkisa ngelithi kunokubakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, njengokufuduswa kwemvula isuka komnye ummandla isiwe komnye, iinguqu kwingingqi. Iinkqubo zendalo kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ukubakho kweemvula ezinkulu nezingalindelekanga.
Amabali empumelelo kunye nezicelo kwihlabathi liphela
- China: Ithathwa njengelizwe elinenkqubo enkulu yokuguqula imozulu emhlabeni, isebenzise imbewu yamafu ukunyusa imvula kunye nokuthintela imbalela.
- EUnited States: Amanye amazwe afana neColorado kunye neCalifornia asebenzise ubuchule bokulwa ukunqongophala kwamanzi kwiminyaka yamuva.
- IUnited Arab Emirates: Uye wazama ngeedrones ukuvuselela imvula kwimimandla yome kakhulu.
- ISpain: Uvavanyo lwenziwe kwiindawo ezizimeleyo ezifana neAragon kunye neMadrid ukuphepha isichotho.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweenqobo ezisesikweni
Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu zembewu yefu yimpembelelo yayo enokubakho kokusingqongileyo. Nangona i i-iodide yesilivere ezisetyenzisiweyo ziphantsi, ezinye iingcali zokusingqongileyo zilumkisa malunga nokuqokelelwa kwale khompawundi emhlabeni kunye nemizimba yamanzi.
Ngapha koko, ukuba obu buchule bebusetyenziswa kumlinganiselo omkhulu, bunokuvelisa iingxabano phakathi kwamazwe, njengoko isizwe esinye sinokwandisa imvula ngobuchule ngeendleko zesinye. Oku kukhokelele kwiingxoxo malunga nolawulo lwamazwe ngamazwe lokuguqulwa kwemozulu.
I-Cloud seeding sisixhobo esinomdla ekulweni nokunqongophala kwamanzi, kodwa ukuphunyezwa kwayo kuhlala kugcwele ukungaqiniseki. Njengoko inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ifuna ukuphucula iziphumo zabo, kubalulekile ukuba oorhulumente kwaye izazinzulu zijongana nemingcipheko enokubakho ngaphambi kokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.