La IKhomishini Yendalo yaseMegalopolis (CAMe) igqibe kwelokuba ukuphakamisa imeko engxamisekileyo yokusingqongileyo umoya ojikelezileyo nge-ozone kwiSixeko saseMexico emva kokubona ukuphucuka okuqhubekayo komgangatho womoya emva kwemini. Eli nyathelo laqala ukusebenza ngentsimbi yesi-19:00 emva kwemini ngeCawa ka-Epreli, apho imiqathango engaqhelekanga eyayibekwe ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu ale nto ingcolisayo yasuswa.
Ngokweengxelo ezivela kwi Inkqubo yokuJonga uBume beMozulu yeSixeko saseMexicoUkususela malunga nentsimbi yesi-18:00 emva kwemini, zonke izikhululo zokubeka esweni zirekhode amazinga e-ozone angaphantsi kwemida ebekwe yimithetho. Ngenxa yesi simo silungileyo, amagunya okusingqongileyo kwiSixeko saseMexico nakwiLizwe laseMexico akhethe ukucima isigaba sokungazeki, nangona aza kugcina uhlolo olusondeleyo kwiintsuku ezilandelayo.
Ukuphakanyiswa ngokusemthethweni kwemeko engxamisekileyo kunye nobubanzi bomlinganiselo
Kwingxelo ekhutshwe emva kwemini, i-CAMe ichaze ukuba, ngokusekelwe kwiiNkqubo zoThintelo nokuphendula kwiingxaki zeNdalo ezinokubakho kwi-ZMVM —epapashwe ngoorhulumente beSixeko saseMexico kunye neLizwe laseMexico—, imeko yongxamiseko yomoya ngenxa ye-ozone yabhengezwa ukuba iphelile kwaye kwasala ngaphandle kwempembelelo imiqathango yenkqubo yokuhambahambaEsi sibhengezo sichaphazela ngqo abemi kunye nabaqhubi kwikomkhulu kunye noomasipala abangqongileyo, njengoko imiqathango eyongezelelweyo kwinkqubo yokuhambahamba isusiwe.
Iziko lichaze ukuba ukumiswa kwalo kuquka Ukucima iSigaba soku-1 yengxakekoEli nyathelo lenziwe emva kokuba kufunyenwe ubuninzi be-ozone ngeyure ukuya kuthi ga kwi-163 parts per billion (ppb) kwizikhululo ezifana neso sikwi-Faculty of Higher Studies Acatlán eNaucalpan de Juárez. Le meko inyanzele abasemagunyeni ukuba baqinise imiqathango yokuhamba kwezithuthi kwaye bacebise ukunciphisa imisebenzi yangaphandle, ingakumbi kumaqela asengozini.
I-CAMe igxininise ukuba, nangona amanyathelo angaqhelekanga athathwa njengangasebenziyoInkqubo-sikhokelo yolawulo lomgangatho womoya ngokubanzi isasebenza. Oko kukuthi, Inkqubo yeHoy No Circula Iza kuqhubeka isebenza, kodwa iza kuyenza ngesicwangciso sayo esiqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kohlengahlengiso olongezelelweyo olusetyenziswa kwiziqendu zongcoliseko olukhulu.
Isigqibo sokususa esi siganeko senziwe ngonxibelelwano phakathi kweKhomishini yezeNdalo yaseMegalopolis, uMphathiswa wezeNdalo, kunye nabasemagunyeni beSixeko saseMexico kunye neLizwe laseMexico. Zonke ezi mibutho zizibophelele kwi landela ngokusondeleyo ukuvela kweemeko zemozulu kunye namanqanaba e-ozone, ukusabela ngokukhawuleza ukuba umgangatho womoya uyawohloka kwakhona.
Izinto zemozulu ezivumele ukuba umgangatho womoya uphuculwe
Iiarhente zokubeka iliso zichaze ukuba ukungena komoya ofumileyo ovela kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki nakwiGulf of Mexico Oku kwakubalulekile ekuguquleni imeko yomgangatho womoya ophantsi. Kuyo yonke imini, ukunyuka komswakama kwaqoshwa kwiNtlambo yaseMexico, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekudalweni kwamafu amaninzi kummandla wesixeko.
Oku kwanda kwesigqubuthelo samafu kukhokelele ekubeni ukunciphisa ingozi yemitha yelangaLe yinkalo ebalulekileyo kuba iinkqubo ze-photochemical ezivelisa i-ozone ye-tropospheric zixhomekeke kakhulu kubunzulu bemitha. Njengoko amandla elanga akhoyo ehla, ukwakheka kwale nto ingcolisayo kwancipha, into ebonakala kwiimilinganiselo ukususela emva kwemini ukuya phambili.
Enyanisweni, idatha esemthethweni ibonisa ukuba, ukususela malunga nentsimbi yesithandathu ngokuhlwa, Zonke izikhululo zokulinganisa kwinethiwekhi bezisele zirekhoda amaxabiso angaphantsi komda omiselweyo.Olu phuculo olufanayo kulo lonke iSixeko saseMetropolitan seNtlambo yaseMexico yilo oluvumele i-CAMe ukuba iqinisekise ukuba imiqathango ekhethekileyo inokususwa ngaphandle kokubeka impilo yoluntu emngciphekweni.
Kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba imeko yongxamiseko yokusingqongileyo yayiqalisiwe kwiintsuku ezidlulileyo ngenxa yokudibana kwezinto amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, uzinzo lomoya kunye nomoya obuthathakaEzi zinto zithintela ukusasazeka kwezinto ezingcolisayo kwaye zikhuthaza ukuqokelelwa kwe-ozone kufutshane nomphezulu. Ngexesha lonyaka oshushu nowomileyo, ezi ntlobo zeziqendu zixhaphakile kulo mmandla, into ekwabonwa nakwezinye iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi zasezidolophini zaseYurophu xa ubushushu, uzinzo, kunye neemoto ezininzi zidibana.
Ukuphela kwemiqathango ekhethekileyo kunye nemeko yeHoy No Circula
Ngokucinywa kwe-contingency, Imiqathango engaqhelekanga yezithuthi isusiwe. La manyathelo, awayesetyenziswe ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-ozone precursor, athetha ukuba inkqubo ephindwe kabini ethi "Hoy No Circula" (No Driving Today), okanye iinkqubo ezifanayo eziqinisiweyo, azisayi kusebenza emva kwexesha elichazwe ngabasemagunyeni.
Ukususela ngoMvulo olandela ukususwa kwengxaki, Inkqubo yeHoy No Circula ibuyile kwakhona phantsi kwemithetho yayo eqhelekileyo.Akuyi kubakho ulwandiso lwexeshana lweepleyiti zelayisensi ezithintelweyo okanye amanyathelo ongezelelweyo asekelwe kwiziphelo zeepleyiti zelayisensi. Abaqhubi kuya kufuneka balandele kuphela ishedyuli eqhelekileyo emiselwe yimigaqo yasekuhlaleni, njengoko kunjalo kwezinye izixeko ezinkulu zaseYurophu ezineenkqubo zokuthintela iimoto ezisisigxina.
Ukongeza ekuqhelekeni kwetrafikhi, oku kulandelayo kuyarhoxiswa: amanyathelo angaqhelekanga kumacandelo emizi-mveliso kunye nezikolokunye neengcebiso ezingqongqo ezikhutshelwe abantu abasengozini yokunciphisa imisebenzi yomzimba yangaphandle. Izikolo, iindawo zokusebenza, kunye nezinye iziko zinokuqhubeka nemisebenzi yazo yesiqhelo, nangona isicelo sokuphepha ukukhutshwa komoya ongafunekiyo sisasebenza.
Amagunya okusingqongileyo agxininise ukuba, nangona kukho uphuculo, Ukuhlolwa komgangatho womoya kuza kuqhubeka.Iincwadana ezisemthethweni zikhumbuze ukuba ukuba amanqanaba e-ozone anyuka ngaphezulu kwemida yokhuseleko kwakhona, amanqanaba afanelekileyo aya kusebenza, kunye nephakheji yemiqathango kunye neengcebiso eziphumayo.
Iingcebiso kubemi emva kokumiswa kwengxaki
I-CAMe kunye neearhente zokusingqongileyo zasekuhlaleni zisebenzise le ngxelo uku cela uluntu ukuba lugcine imikhwa enceda ekunciphiseni ungcoliseko, ingakumbi ngeveki elandelayo, xa kulindeleke iimeko zemozulu ezingalunganga zokusasazeka kwezinto ezingcolisayo: uzinzo lomoya, imimoya ekhaphukhaphu kunye namaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-30°C.
Phakathi kweengcebiso eziphambili kukho Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zabucala kunye nokugcinwa kwazo ngendlela efanelekileyo Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezibangela ukwakheka kwe-ozone, kukwacetyiswa ukuba kucwangciswe uhambo ngokufanelekileyo, kuqhutywe iimoto ezininzi nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, okanye kucingwe ngezinye iindlela ezifana nothutho lukawonke-wonke okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile—indlela ekwakhuthazwa zizixeko ezininzi zaseYurophu ngexesha leziganeko zongcoliseko.
Esinye isibonakaliso esibalulekileyo kukuba gcwalisa amafutha ngexesha lokuphuma komphunga okuphantsiKungcono emva kwentsimbi yesi-18:00 emva kwemini nangaphambi kwentsimbi ye-10:00 kusasa. Kwakhona kugxininiswa ukuba akufuneki uqhubeke ugcwalisa itanki xa sele ikhutshiwe isitshixo sokhuseleko kwimpumlo yegesi, njengoko esi senzo sibonakala singenabungozi sikhuthaza ukukhutshwa komphunga onegalelo ekudalweni kwe-tropospheric ozone.
Abasemagunyeni bacebisa ukuba kuqhutyekwe, kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ne umsebenzi okude, ukuthenga kwi-intanethi kunye neenkquboLe yindlela elula yokunciphisa ukuhamba, ngoko ke, ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo okunxulumene noko. Le ndlela, esele imiselwe kulawulo nakwiinkampani ezininzi zaseYurophu, ithathwa njengesixhobo esiluncedo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo kumgangatho womoya kwiindawo ezinkulu zezixeko.
Kwicandelo lasekhaya, kugxininiswa kakhulu Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iimveliso ezifana nezihlanzi-moya, ii-aerosols, iipeyinti, izinto zokuthintela ukungenwa kwamanzi, kunye nezinyibilikisi. Ngamaxesha omngcipheko ophezulu we-ozone, kuphephe ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo, njengoko zikhupha iikhompawundi eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo ezinokuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ze-photochemical ezivelisa i-ozone. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuyimfuneko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kungeniswe umoya ngokufanelekileyo emagumbini kwaye kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwazo kube kuncinci.
Kukwagxininiswa kakhulu ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwegesi ekhayeniLa manyathelo aquka ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhlamba ukuya kwimizuzu emihlanu, ukupheka ngeembiza ezigqunyiweyo ukuze kusetyenziswe ubushushu ngcono, kunye nokujonga ukuba akukho manzi avuzayo na. Ukongeza ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo, la manyathelo adla ngokuthetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, nto leyo exhalabisayo eMexico nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
Umxholo wesiganeko se-ozone kunye nembono yeentsuku ezizayo
Isiqendu esabangela ukuba kuqaliswe isicwangciso sokungxamiseka saphawulwa ngu amanqanaba aphezulu e-ozone kunye neemeko zemozulu ezimbiUmoya ozinzileyo kakhulu, imimoya ephantsi, kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu aqhelekileyo kwixesha elishushu nelomileyo. Olu nxube luthintela ukusasazeka kwezinto ezingcolisayo ezibangelwa ziimoto kunye nemisebenzi yemizi-mveliso, ekugqibeleni lunyusa iingozi zempilo, ngakumbi kubantu abanezifo zokuphefumla okanye zentliziyo.
Ngeentsuku ezingaphambi kokumiswa, imilinganiselo ibonisiwe uxinaniso oluye lwadlula ngokucacileyo imida evumelekileyoOku kwanyanzelisa ukuba kuqaliswe iSigaba soku-1 sesicwangciso songxamiseko kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemiqathango efana nenkqubo ephindwe kabini ethi "Hoy No Circula" (Today No Driving). Emva kotshintsho kwiimeko zemozulu kunye nokwanda komswakama ovela kwiilwandle ezikufutshane, imeko yaqala ukuphucuka, ekugqibeleni yabuyela kumanqanaba akhuselekileyo.
Oku kulandelayo kulindeleke kwiveki elandela ukususwa kwamanyathelo okungxamiseka. Amaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-30°C, imimoya ekhaphukhaphu kunye nomoya ozinzileyoNangona amazinga e-ozone ayengaphantsi komgangatho ngexesha lokuvalwa, olu qikelelo lufuna ukuba kubekho isimo sengqondo esilumkileyo nokulandela uhlaziyo oluvela kwiinkqubo zokubeka esweni ezisemthethweni.
Abasemagunyeni baphinde babulela abemi nge ukuthotyelwa kweengcebiso ngexesha lesigaba sokungxamiseka kwaye yakhuthaza ukuqhubeka nokuziphatha okunenkathalo. Esi siganeko, esifana nezinye ezirekhodwe kwiNtlambo yaseMexico nakwizixeko ezinkulu zaseYurophu, sigxininisa ukubaluleka kokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ngendlela eyiyo, ngaphaya kwamanyathelo athile asetyenziswa ngamaxesha abalulekileyo.
Nge Ukumiswa kwe-ozone contingency kunye nokubuyela kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo Njengoko iinkqubo ezifana neHoy No Circula (Today No Driving) ziphela, iValley yaseMexico ibuyela kwisiqhelo sayo, kodwa isikhumbuzo sokuba iimeko zemozulu eziqikelelweyo zisenokubangela ukunyuka okutsha kongcoliseko. Ukulandela iingcebiso ezisemthethweni, intsebenziswano yabemi, kunye nokwamkela imikhwa yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kuhlala kubalulekile ekugcineni umgangatho womoya owamkelekileyo kulo mmandla kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yeziqephu ze-ozone ezizayo.
