Uluntu belusoloko lufuna ukuthelekisa imeko yalo kunye neyabanye ukuze luthathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukunqanda iingxaki. Senza into efanayo ngoku malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Sifuna ukwazi ukuba iinkcubeko zamandulo zaziqhelana njani notshintsho olwahlukileyo olwenzekileyo kwimozulu ukuze sazi ukuba kufuneka senze ntoni, kwaye njani.
Kule meko, inkcubeko ye-Indus Valley, impucuko eyayihlala ukusuka kwi-3000 ukuya kwi-1300 BC kumantla ntshona namhlanje e-India, Yamelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokuziqhelanisa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo neemeko ezintsha ezavelayo..
Mandulo, iindawo zokuhlala zazikufuphi nemithombo yamanzi; Ayilolize, ulwelo oluxabisekileyo luyimfuneko kakhulu, kungekuphela nje ukusigcina simanzi, kodwa nokukwazi ukukhulisa izityalo. Ngaloo ndlela, ekuqaleni kweHolocene, impucuko yase-Indus yayikufuphi ne-Kotla Dahar, ichibi elinzulu elibavumela ukuba babe nemvula rhoqo kwaye rhoqo, ngenxa yendawo yayo, yayiza kuba yimvula enkulu.
Ngexesha lama-2200-2000 a. C., inqanaba lamanzi e-Kotla Dahar liye lehla ngokuqhubekayo ngenxa yokuncipha kwemozulu, njengoko kutyhilwa ziirekhodi ze-speleothems (idiphozithi zezimbiwa emiqolombeni) eOman nakumntla-mpuma weIndiya. Nangona kunjalo, nangona obu bunzima, baqhubeka apho, njengakwezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezikufutshane indus umlambo.
UGqr Cameron Petrie, ovela kwiCandelo le-Archaeology yeYunivesithi yaseCambridge, wathi:
Kunokuba unyanzeliswe ukuqinisa okanye ukwahlukana kweendlela zokuphila ekuphenduleni utshintsho lwemozulu, sinobungqina bokusetyenziswa kwe-millet, irayisi, kunye nezityalo ezitshatyalaliswayo ezitshatyalaliswayo kwizigaba zangaphambili kunye needolophu zempucuko yase-Indus. Obu bungqina bubonisa ukuba abantu basekuhlaleni babesele belungele ukuhlala kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neziguquguqukayo zokusingqongileyo ngaphambi kokuphuhliswa kwamaziko asezidolophini kwaye ezi zilungelelaniso zibe luncedo xa zijongene neenguqu kwimeko yendawo.
Ngolunye ulwazi, nqakraza apha.
Ukuziqhelanisa noTshintsho lweMozulu kwiNtlambo yase-Indus
Impucuko ye-Indus Valley ibe ngumxholo wezifundo ezininzi kunye nophando oluye lwazama ukutyhila iinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezenza ukuba ubukho bayo bube khona. ukuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Imiba ephambili yokuziqhelanisa
Enye yezinto eziphembelele kakhulu ukusinda kwale nkcubeko yi ukufikelela emanzini. Lo mthombo ubalulekileyo ububalulekile kungekuphela nje ekufakweni kwamanzi kodwa nakwezolimo. Indawo yokuhlala ejikeleze imithombo yamanzi enje ngemilambo namachibi yanika uluntu lwase-Indus ithuba lokufumana amanzi akhuselekileyo, nto leyo ebonakaliswa ngokubaluleka kwamanzi. ukufikelela kwimithombo yamanzi. Ngaphaya koko, ulawulo olusebenzayo lwesi sixhobo lwalubalulekile kuwo ukuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba olu luntu luphuhlise ubuchule bolawulo lwamanzi oluphezulu, lubavumela ukuba bandise ukufumaneka kobu butyebi bubalulekileyo. Njengoko iimonsoon zazisiya zisiba mbi kwaye zingaqikelelwa kangako, ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa iindlela zazo zokulima kwaba yimfuneko ukuze umntu aphile. Oku kwaphumela ekubeni kubekho inkqubo yezolimo eyahlukahlukeneyo eyayiquka amabele, irayisi, nezityalo eziziimbotyi, nto leyo eyayibenza babe bhetyebhetye besabela kwiimeko zemozulu ezahlukahlukeneyo ababejamelana nazo. Ukongeza, i ukuziqhelanisa nemimandla yeklimati yayikwangundoqo kwimpumelelo yayo.
Impembelelo yeMozulu kunye noTshintsho kwezoLimo
Ukususela ngo-2400 BC ukuya phambili. C., ukuguquka kwemozulu kwaqalisa ukubonakala ngakumbi. Ukuncipha kwemvula kunye nokuncipha kwemvula kubangele ukunciphisa izinga lamanzi eLake yaseKotla Dahar, eyachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izenzo zezolimo kummandla.
Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba Abantu abahlala kwi-Indus Valley bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nolu tshintsho ngokuguqula izityalo zabo kunye nokusebenzisa imithombo yamanzi eyahlukeneyo. Iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba iindlela zokulima zahlengahlengiswa ukuze zihambelane nemozulu eyandayo yokungaqiniseki nokutshintsha, ngokufanayo nemingeni esijongene nayo ngoku.
Iziphumo zoTshintsho lweMozulu eLide
Njengoko imozulu yayiqhubeka isiba maxongo, abantu baseIndus bajamelana nocelomngeni oluhlala lusanda. Ukuphela kobutyebi bamanzi kunye nembalela eyathatha ixesha elide yaba lelona xesha libalulekileyo lokusinda kwale mpucuko.. Kwiinkulungwane ezalandelayo, iziphumo zabonisa ukuba uluntu lwaqalisa ukuzishiya izixeko ezikhulu bekhetha iindawo zokuhlala ezincinci, ekulula ukuzilawula nalapho ukufikelela kumanzi kwakuthe ngqo ngakumbi. Kwakhona, oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kwe ulawulo lwamanzi ngamaxesha obunzima.
Uhlolisiso olwenziwa nguGqr. Cameron Petrie, ekunye nabanye abaphandi, luye lwabonisa ukuba, nangona ezi zixeko zijamelene nexesha lokuwohloka, ukukwazi kwabemi bazo ukuziqhelanisa nokwabenza bakwazi ukuphila phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Oku kukwanxulumene neemeko ezijongene neminye imimandla, njengaleyo ichatshazelwe yi iziganeko zemozulu embi kakhulu.
Iimbono zoPhando olutsha
Impucuko ye-Indus Valley ihlala ingumxholo wezemfundo kunye nesayensi. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lujolise ekuqondeni ukuba amanzi ebelawulwa njani kwaye uluntu luziqhelanise njani neemeko zemozulu entsha. Uphando olwenziwa nguPetrie kunye nabanye abaphengululi baye babonisa ukufana okukhulu phakathi kolawulo lwamanzi lwangaphambili kunye neenkxalabo zangoku malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu. I ukuziqhelanisa neentaka zetropiki Ingumzekelo wendlela utshintsho lwemozulu oluchaphazela ngayo izinto eziphilayo zangoku.
Undoqo kulo mongo ulele kwindlela uluntu lwamandulo olusinika ngayo izifundo malunga ulawulo oluzinzileyo lobutyebi bamanzi kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, into enokuthi isetyenziswe kwimingeni ekhoyo ngoku ejongene noluntu lwanamhlanje malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ezi zifundo zibaluleke ngokufanayo xa siqwalasela impembelelo ye.
Izifundo zakutsha nje kunye nezityhilelo ezitsha
Njengoko ubuchule bezinto zakudala buhambela phambili, ulwazi lwethu nge-Indus Valley luyaqhubeka nokuvela. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi i-Climate of the Past lufumene izinto ezintsha ezifunyenweyo malunga nokuxhamla phakathi kweziganeko zemozulu kunye nesakhiwo sentlalo yoluntu lwase-Indus. Oku kuquka indlela uthungelwano lwezorhwebo, ezolimo, kunye nolawulo lwezibonelelo ezathi zasekwa emva phaya kwiminyaka yoo-3000. C., xa impucuko yayikwinqanaba eliphezulu.
Uhlalutyo lweepateni zemozulu, kunye nedatha yentlenga kunye nohlalutyo lwe-paleo-DNA, luvumele izazinzulu ukuba zakhe umfanekiso obanzi wendlela impucuko yamandulo eyasabela ngayo kwiinguqu eziphawulekayo kwindawo yazo, efana nendlela iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zehlathi iyaziqhelanisa notshintsho lwemozulu lwangoku.
Uphononongo lwee-necropolises kunye neendawo zokuhlala zasezidolophini kwingingqi yaseKachchh nazo zibonelele ngengcaciso eyongezelelweyo kubudlelwane benkcubeko kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo oluyinxalenye yempucuko ye-Indus.
Ilifa leNkcubeko yase-Indus Valley
Ilifa le-Indus Valley Civilization alikho nje ukulungelelanisa, kodwa nakwizifundo ezinokutsalwa ukujongana nemingeni ekhoyo yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Imbali isifundisa oko Ukomelela kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kubalulekile ukuze uphile kwihlabathi elitshintshayo.
Iindlela abantu bamandulo ababelawula ngayo izixhobo zabo ngamaxesha obunzima kunye nendlela abaziqhelanisa ngayo nokutshintsha kweemeko zokusingqongileyo zinika ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwizinto ezinokuthi zibe luncedo namhlanje, ngakumbi kwiimeko zokwanda kokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu ngequbuliso, njengalezo zikhokelele kwiimeko ezinzima njengoko zichazwe ISudan ijongene nokuhlala kwayo.
Namhlanje, i-Indus Valley ime njengophawu lokunxibelelana phakathi kweenkcubeko zabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo, kunye nesikhumbuzo sokuba ukulungelelaniswa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembali yoluntu.
Izifundo zakutsha nje kwiNkcubeko yase-Indus Valley
Uphando ngempucuko yase-Indus Valley lubonisa ukuba abemi bayo babeneemvakalelo ezibukhali zokuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisa nokujamelana neemeko ezinzima zemozulu. Amabali ohlengahlengiso lwempucuko yamandulo angasebenza njengesikhokelo namhlanje, njengoko sijongene nemingeni yemozulu efuna, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuguquguquka okufanayo kunye nobuchule obabonakaliswa ngookhokho bethu.
- Impucuko yase-Indus Valley yaziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokwahlukana kwezolimo.
- Uphando lwakutsha nje luveze ukubaluleka kolawulo lwamanzi ekusindeni kwale nkcubeko.
- Iipateni zemozulu zelo xesha zichaphazele ngokuthe ngqo uqoqosho kunye nentlangano yentlalo yoluntu lwase-Indus.
- Izifundo ezifunyenwe kwimpucuko yase-Indus zinokusetyenziswa kwimingeni yangoku yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
