El Intaba-mlilo yasePuracé, kwisebe laseCauca (eColombia), iye yafudukela ngokusemthethweni kwisimo seorenji sokulumkisa. Emva kokubhalisa ukwanda okuzinzileyo kwiiparamitha zayo zokubeka iliso, abasemagunyeni kwezenzululwazi kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko baye baqinisa ukubeka iliso kwaye baqalise ukuphumeza amanyathelo okuthintela ukunciphisa impembelelo kubemi abahlala kwindawo yabo yempembelelo.
Esi sigaba esitsha sithetha ukuba Amathuba okudubula andileNangona iingcali zigxininisa kwelokuba esi asisosiganeko sisondelayo, ukuziphatha okungazinzanga kwale nkqubo yentaba-mlilo, neenyikima zomhlaba ezingakumbi, ukukhutshwa kwegesi enamandla, nothuthu olungaphezu kwekhilomitha enye ukuphakama, kuye kwabangela ukuba kubekho isilumkiso kwiilali ezikufutshane nakoomasipala abakufutshane.
Kwakutheni ukuze uPuracé afudukele kwindawo elumkileyo?
I-Colombian Geological Survey (SGC) yabika ukuba Utshintsho kwinqanaba lesilumkiso ukusuka kumthubi ukuya kuorenji lwenzekile emva kokubona umahluko obalulekileyo nozingisayo kumsebenzi wangaphakathi wentaba-mlilo.Phakathi kwezalathi ezixhalabisayo kukwanda kwenyikima, kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene nokuqhekeka kwamatye kunye nentshukumo yolwelo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sentaba-mlilo.
Ukongeza, iinkqubo zokubeka iliso ziye zachongwa ukwanda okubonakalayo kokuphuma kweegesi kunye nothuthungeentsiba ezingaphezulu kwe-1.000 leemitha ukuphakama. Ezi pipu ziye zabonwa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi zasemaphandleni zikamasipala wasePuracé-Cristales, Anambío, Alto Michabala kunye neChapío-kunye nesihlalo sikamasipala saseCoconuco, evelisa ukuwa kwamasuntswana amahle kuphahla, izityalo kunye nemithombo yamanzi.
Iingcali nazo ziye zabhala iimpawu ze Utshintsho kumphezulu wentaba-mlilo, isalathiso sokwanda koxinzelelo lwangaphakathiOlu hlobo lwenguqu ludla ngokutolikwa njengesilumkiso sokuba inkqubo ye-magmatic ikwinqanaba eliguqukayo, elinokuthi livelise iziqendu eziphazamisayo zobukhulu obuhlukeneyo ukuba umkhwa uyaqhubeka okanye uqinisa.
Ngokutsho kwe-SGC, i Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluqokelelweyo lunyanzelise ukuba izinga lokucupha liphakanyiswe kwindawo ebalulekileyo.Kule meko, kubalulekile ukugcina iliso eliqhubekayo lazo zonke iiparameters: i-seismic, i-deformation, ukukhutshwa kwegesi, kunye nokuziphatha komphezulu. Naluphi na utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lunokukhokelela kwizigaba ezintsha zokungazinzi.
Iqumrhu lobugcisa licacise ukuba ngexesha isilumkiso se-orange sihlala sisebenza, rhoqo ukuguquguquka komsebenziNgamanye amazwi, kusenokubakho iintsuku okanye iiveki apho ufundo lungaphantsi kunamanye amaxesha, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba intaba-mlilo ibuyele kwindawo ezinzileyo okanye inqanaba lokulumkisa linokuthotywa ngoko nangoko.
Iimeko ezinokwenzeka zentshukumo yentaba-mlilo
IYunithi yeSizwe yoLawulo loMngcipheko weNtlekele (UNGRD) ichaze ngokweenkcukacha Iimeko ezinokwenzeka ngelixa i-Puracé ihlala ikwinqanaba le-orenjiOkokuqala, ukugcinwa kwe-seismic ephakathi ukuya kwi-high seismicity, idibaniswe kunye nokuqhekeka kwezinto zangaphakathi kunye nokufuduswa kwamanzi-amanzi, iigesi kunye ne-magma-ngaphakathi kwenkqubo.
Enye imeko eqwalaselwayo yile ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kweentsika zomphunga kunye negesiEzi ntsiba zinokujiya, zibe shushu, kwaye zikhuphe amavumba anamandla, abonakale nokuba ziikhilomitha ezininzi ukusuka kwi-crater. Oku kuziphatha kuya kukhatshwa kukukhutshwa kothuthu rhoqo, okunokuchaphazela ukubonakala, ukushukuma, iziseko zophuhliso, kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yezoqoqosho.
Iingcali aziyithinteli ukubonakala kogqabhuko-dubulo olungephi kunye ne-pulses of incandescence ebonakalayo ebusukuOku kuxhaphakile kwiintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo ngamaxesha eziphithiphithi. Ezi pulses zinokunxulunyaniswa nokugxothwa kwemathiriyeli ye-incandescent kufutshane ne-crater, okonyusa umngcipheko kuye nabani na okwindawo ezingagunyaziswanga okanye ekunzima ukufikelela kuzo.
Eyona meko imbi kakhulu eqwalaselwayo ibandakanya ukuveliswa okunokwenzeka kwee-lahars, oko kukuthi, ukuhamba kwamanzi, udaka kunye nezixhobo zentaba-mlilo ezihla amathambeka. Oku kuqukuqela kungenziwa kusebenze ngaphandle kwesilumkiso, ngakumbi ukuba iimvula ezinkulu zihambelana nobukho bomlotha kunye namaqhekeza avulekileyo kumathambeka, kwaye zimele ingozi ethe ngqo kumakhaya, iindlela kunye neebhulorho ezikumilambo.
Kukwacingelwa ukukhutshwa kweebhloko kunye namatye obungakanani obahlukeneyo kwindawo yecraterEsi siganeko, nangona sihlala sivalelwe kwiindawo ezikufutshane, sinokuba yingozi kubantu okanye kwizilwanyana ezihlala kwindawo esemngciphekweni omkhulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abasemagunyeni banyanzelisa ukuba kungabikho mntu ufanele ahambe okanye enze nayiphi na imisebenzi enemveliso okanye yokhenketho kwiindawo ezibekelwe imiqathango.
Ukuqaliswa kweGumbi leNgxaki kunye nempendulo yeziko
Ukulandela uhlaziyo lwenqanaba lesivuseleli, I-UNGRD yenza iNational Crisis Room Injongo kukulungelelanisa izenzo ngexesha lokwenyani phakathi kukarhulumente omkhulu, amagunya esebe laseCauca, kunye nolawulo lukamasipala olungqonge iPuracé. Esi sithuba sisebenza njengeziko lomyalelo ukulungelelanisa ubugcisa, ukusebenza, kunye nokusabela kobuntu.
Phakathi kwamanyathelo asele eqhutywa kuku ukomelezwa kohlolo lwenzululwazi lwentaba-mlilo, uphononongo lwezicwangciso ezikhoyo zonxunguphalo kunye nohlaziyo lweemephu zezoyikiso, kuqwalaselwa ngokukodwa kwiindlela zokufuduka kunye neendawo zokuhlangana ezichazwe ngaphambili ziikomiti zolawulo lomngcipheko wendawo.
Abasemagunyeni basiqinisekisile isilumkiso esiorenji Ayithethi ugqabhuko-dubulo oluzayo.Nangona kunjalo, ifuna inqanaba elingqongqo kakhulu lokubeka iliso kunye nokulungela okukhulu kuluntu. INkqubo yoLawulo lweNtlekele yeSizwe (i-SNGRD) ingene kwisigaba sokulungela kunye nokubekwa kwangaphambili, oku kuthetha ukuba nezibonelelo, abasebenzi, kunye ne-logistics endaweni yokwenza ngokukhawuleza ukuba imeko iyaguquka.
I-UNGRD ibhengeze i ukuthumela ikhomishini yobugcisa kwintsimi ukuxhasa ukubekwa kweliso okuqhubekayo kwentshukumo yentaba-mlilo kunye nokucebisa abasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni xa besenza izigqibo. Eli qela lisebenza ngokusondeleyo neColombian Geological Survey, egcina iliso lesixhobo seeyure ezingama-24.
IKomiti eYodwa yoLawulo lweNtlekele yenze a Isibheno esithe ngqo kuluntu ukuba lulandele iingcebiso ezisemthethweni kwimeko yonxunguphaloUlungelelwaniso phakathi kwamaziko kunye nabemi lungundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amanyathelo okuthintela kunye nokusabela asebenza ngokwenene.
Ukufuduka kwindawo ephezulu yengozi
Ngaxeshanye, iKomiti yoLawulo lweNtlekele ye-UNGRD iye yacebisa ukuba ukukhutshwa ngoko nangoko kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yiZone 1Lo mmandla, ochazwe njengendawo esemngciphekweni omkhulu kwingingqi yePuracé, okwangoku likhaya labantu abamalunga nama-70, abafuduswa babo kufuneka bayalelwe ngokusemthethweni yiOfisi kaSodolophu wePuracé ekusebenziseni ukuzimela kwayo komhlaba.
Le ngcebiso isekelwe kwi ukwanda kokungazinzi kwenkqubo yentaba-mliloOku kungqinwa ziinyikima eziphindaphindiweyo, ukwanda kwegesi kunye nokukhutshwa komlotha, kunye neempawu zoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Ukuhlala kule ndawo kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wobomi kunye nepropati kubahlali, ngakumbi xa kwenzeka i-lahars okanye ukuqhuma ngokukhawuleza.
Amagunya asekuhlaleni, ngenkxaso ye-UNGRD kunye nesebe kunye nebhunga lolawulo lomngcipheko kamasipala, kufuneka ququzelela ukukhutshwa kothintelo, isiqinisekiso sothutho lweentsapho, kunye nokubonelela ngeendawo ezikhuselekileyo zokuhlalaUkongeza, imfundo kwiindlela zokuphuma, iindawo zokuhlangana, kunye nemithetho esisiseko yokuzikhusela iyaqiniswa.
Kulo mongo, umyalezo osemthethweni ugxininisa ukuba Ukusondela kwi-crater okanye iindawo ezingazinzanga akukhuthazwa ngamandla.Oku kusebenza kubahlali bengingqi kunye neendwendwe okanye abakhenkethi. Ukufikelela kwiindawo eziphezulu zePuracé kuthintelwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuba sesichengeni kwiigesi ezinetyhefu, uthuthu, kunye neeprojekthi ezinokubakho.
Amaqumrhu asebenzayo kunye namanye amaqumrhu eSNGRD akwelo ukulungela amalungiselelo kunye nesigaba sokumiswa kwangaphambiliOku kubandakanya ukulungiselela amaqela okusabela, ukuqinisekisa ubukho beendawo zokuhlala zethutyana, kunye nokucwangciswa kofuduko olongezelelweyo olunokubakho xa iimeko zifuna oko.
Izindululo eziphambili kubemi abakufutshane nePuracé
I-Colombian Geological Survey kunye ne-UNGRD babelane ngothotho lwe iingcebiso eziphambili kwabo bahlala kwiindawo ezichatshazelwa yintaba-mliloUmthetho wokuqala nobalulekileyo kukuhlala kude ne-crater kunye neendawo ezibekwe ngokusemthethweni njengezoyikiso eziphezulu, nokuba umsebenzi ubonakala uncipha nangaliphi na ixesha.
Kwimeko yothuthu, kuyacetyiswa Nxiba iimaski zobuso okanye izigqubuthelo, khusela amehlo akho kunye nolusu kwaye unciphise ukuvezwa kwangaphandle, ngakumbi kubantu abaneengxaki zokuphefumla, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Kukwabalulekile ukugquma kakuhle iitanki zamanzi kunye namadama ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwamasuntswana entaba-mlilo.
Abasemagunyeni banyanzelisa ukuba abemi bamele Hlala unolwazi ngokusebenzisa amajelo asemthethweni kuphelanjengeebhulethini ze-SGC, iingxelo ze-UNGRD, kunye nemiyalelo evela koomasipala kunye nolawulo. Ukusasaza amahemuhemu okanye ulwazi olungangqinisiswanga kudala ukubhideka kwaye kunokuthintela imizamo yokusabela kwingxakeko.
Kukwacetyiswa ukuba usapho ngalunye lube ne ikhithi yexesha likaxakeka ilungisiwePakisha amanzi okusela, ukutya okungenakonakala, isibane, unomathotholo osebenza ngebhetri, amayeza asisiseko, amaxwebhu abalulekileyo kunye nezinto zococeko. Ukuba nezi zibonelelo esandleni kuvumela ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwimeko yokukhutshwa.
Izikhokelo ngokubanzi zikwabandakanya imfuneko yokuba landela izicwangciso zolawulo lomngcipheko kamasipalaThatha inxaxheba kwii-drills xa zibizwa kwaye uziqhelanise kwangaphambili kunye neendlela zokuphuma kunye neendawo zokuhlangana ezisekwe ngabasemagunyeni. Ukulindela kunye nokulungiselela kungundoqo ekunciphiseni impembelelo yaso nasiphi na isiganeko esiqhumayo.
Yintoni efunekayo ukuze ubuyele kwisilumkiso esimthubi?
I-SGC ichaze ukuba, kuba Ukubuya kwinqanaba le-orenji ukuya kwinqanaba eliphuzi, ixesha lokuqwalasela liyimfuneko. apho zonke iiparamitha ezibekwe esweni zivavanywa ngokweenkcukacha. Akwanelanga ukuba umsebenzi unciphe iintsuku ezimbalwa; Iindlela ezicacileyo ezikhomba uzinzo oluthembekileyo lwenkqubo yentaba-mlilo kufuneka ichongwe.
Ngelo xesha, amaqela obugcisa aya kuqhubeka Ukuhlalutya inyikima, ukuguqulwa komhlaba, ukubunjwa kunye nomthamo weegesi ezikhutshwayo, kunye nokuziphatha kweekholomu zothuthuKuphela ukuba ezi zalathisi zibonisa ukucuthwa okuzinzileyo kunye nokuqhubekayo kuya kuqwalaselwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuthoba inqanaba lokulumkisa.
Okwangoku, isimo se-orenji sithetha ukuba Amanyathelo okuthintela akakwazi ukukhululekaNaluphi na utshintsho olukhawulezayo, nokuba lukwandiswa okanye luyancipha kumsebenzi, lufanele lutolikwe ngokuqaphela kwaye lukhanyise uhlalutyo olubanzi olwenziwa zizazinzulu.
Kuluntu, oku kuguqulela kuxanduva loku Gcina amanyathelo okuzikhusela kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yabasemagunyeniNokuba umsebenzi ongaphezulu ubonakala “uzola” kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa, amava ngezinye iintaba-mlilo abonisa ukuba izigaba zokuzola okubonakalayo zinokuba yinxalenye yenkqubo ende nentsonkothileyo.
Ukuhamba kwePuracé kwisilumkiso se-orenji kubangele uhlolo olubanzi kunye nomsebenzi wokuthintela obandakanya amaziko enzululwazi, amagunya okulawula umngcipheko kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Eyona njongo iphambili kukunciphisa ukuchanabeka engozini., ukuqinisa ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo kwentaba-mlilo kunye nokukhuthaza indlela yokuziphatha enoxanduva phakathi kwabemi ngelixa kugcinwa unxibelelwano olucacileyo, olusemthethweni nolusisigxina malunga nokuvela kwentshukumo yentaba-mlilo.