Ezinzulwini zobusuku ezidlulileyo, inyikima enkulu ye-5,9 washukumisa amanzi oLwandle lwaseTyrrhenian phambi umsantsa wamanweleInyikima, eyahlasela ngentsimbi ye-00:03 ngexesha lase-Itali ngomhla we-10 kweyoKwindla, yenzeke kwindawo ekufutshane kakhulu nesiqithi saseCapri. Yavula ngoko nangoko iinkqubo zokujonga inyikima kunye nokukhusela uluntu, kodwa ayizange yenze monakalo okanye konzakale.
Eyona nto itsale ingqalelo yeengcali ze-seismologists kukuba i-hypocenter yayikwindawo ubunzulu obungaqhelekanga, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-414Oku kungaphantsi kakhulu kweengqimba apho uninzi lweenyikima zase-Itali zenzeka khona. Olu phawu, olungaqhelekanga kule ndawo, luchaza isizathu sokuba ukungcangcazela kube nefuthe elincinci kakhulu kumphezulu, nangona ubukhulu oburekhodiweyo.
I-Epicenter isuka kwiCapri kunye nokubona ukungcangcazela
Ngokutsho kwedatha evela Iziko leSizwe leGeophysics kunye neVolcanology yaseItali (INGV)Indawo eqala kuyo inyikima yayikufuphi nolwandle, malunga Iikhilomitha ezili-10 ukusuka kwisiqithi saseCapri kwaye ikufutshane kakhulu nomasipala wase ianacapriikwiikhilomitha ezisi-8 ukusuka kwindawo ebalwe kuyo. Indawo yokuqala yamiselwa yi-INGV Seismic Room eRome kwimizuzu embalwa emva komsitho.
Ekuqaleni, iirekhodi ezizenzekelayo zabonisa ukuba ukunyikima kunokuvakala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zasemazantsi e-Itali, ukusuka kwindawo yase Naples kunye ne-Sorrento Peninsula ukuya kuthi ga kwi Unxweme lweAmalfiinwebeka emazantsi kunxweme lwaseTyrrhenian lwase labria kwaye, kwicala elichaseneyo, ukuya kwimimandla yase ILazio, iTuscany kwaneLiguriaNangona kunjalo, ingxelo eneenkcukacha ze-INGV icacisa ukuba, ngenxa yobunzulu obukhulu, uninzi lwabantu aluzange luyibone kakuhle le ntshukumo okanye aluzange luyiqaphele konke konke.
Kwiidolophu ezikufutshane nendawo ebangela ubhubhane njenge UCapri kunye noAnacapri Akukho ngxelo zibalulekileyo zifunyenweyo kubemi abazivayo inyikima. Kwisixeko saseNaples nakwiphondo laso, abasemagunyeni bathetha ngayo ukungcangcazela okubuthathaka kakhulu okanye okungekhoyo kubemi abaninzi, kude kakhulu noko bekulindelwe yinyikima enamandla afanayo kodwa enganzulu kangako.
Lo mahluko phakathi kobukhulu bamanani kunye nombono ophantsi ubangelwa, ngokutsho kweengcali, kukuba Amaza e-seismic ancipha kakhulu xa ehamba esuka kubunzulu obukhulu kangakaXa ifikelela kumphezulu, amandla akhutshiweyo asasazeka kakhulu kwaye ukukhawulezisa komhlaba kuphantsi kakhulu kunoko bekuya kubangelwe sisiganeko esingaphantsi kakhulu.
Akukho monakalo wobuqu okanye wezinto eziphathekayo, kodwa kukho ukulibaziseka okukhulu kololiwe
La ubunzulu obukhulu be-hypocenter Oku kube yimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukuba, nangona inyikima enobukhulu obuyi-5,9, akukho monakalo mkhulu ubhaliweyo. I-INGV (National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology), iPrefecture yaseNaples, kunye noosodolophu bomasipala baselunxwemeni nakwiziqithi baqinisekisile ukuba Akukho ngxelo zomonakalo kwizakhiwo okanye ukwenzakala. inxulumene nesi siqendu.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokulumka, ukothuka kube nemiphumo izibonelelo zezothuthoI-Italian Railway Network (RFI) yaqalisa ngoko nangoko imigaqo yokhuseleko, yanciphisa ithrafikhi yoololiwe kwindawo yaseNaples ukuvumela ukuhlolwa kweendlela kunye nezakhiwo ezinxulumene noko.
Oku kunciphisa isantya sokuthintela kuveliswe ukulibaziseka okukhulu kwiindlela ezininzi zikaloliweIimoto ezazisiya emantla zivela I-Salerno kunye neSitishi Esiphakathi saseNaples ziye zalibaziseka ukuya kuthi ga kwimizuzu eli-100. Kwisitishi sase Rome Termini Utshintsho lweshedyuli, ukurhoxiswa kunye nokulinda okuya kuthi ga kwimizuzu eli-140 kwarekhodwa koololiwe ababesiya emazantsi.
Nje ukuba uhlolo lobuchwephesha lugqityiwe, abaphathi boololiwe baxele ukuba Akukho monakalo wesakhiwo ofunyenweyo kwinethiwekhi. Ngokutsho kwe-RFI, ithrafikhi ibuyele kwisiqhelo kancinci kancinci kulo lonke ixesha kusasa, nangona abasebenzisi abaninzi beye babandezeleka ngenxa yokuqalisa usuku nzima kakhulu.
Kwakhona ukusuka kwi UGunyaziwe weZibuko Unxweme luye lwajongwa ukuze kuthintelwe naziphi na iinduli ezinokubakho emaweni okanye izehlo kwiindawo ezikufutshane nonxweme. Isithili sibonise ukuba, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Akukho tshintsho lubalulekileyo olubonwe elunxwemeni okubangelwa yinyikima.
Inyikima enzulu nengaqhelekanga kuLwandle lwaseTyrrhenian olusemazantsi
I-INGV igxininise ukuba esi siganeko senyikima "Akunqabile kakhulu kule ndawo"Uninzi lweenyikima zase-Itali zivela kwi- ixolo eliphezulu, kubunzulu beekhilomitha ezimbalwa ukuya kumashumi ambalwa, ngelixa inyikima yanamhlanje kusasa yenzekile kumgama ongaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-400, ngaphantsi kakhulu kweendawo eziqhelekileyo zokushukuma komhlaba.
Iingcali zeSeisms zidibanisa olu hlobo lweentshukumo nobukho, kwisambatho soMhlaba, se-a “islab” ye i-lithosphere yolwandle (i-slab) ebilokhu itshona phantsi koLwandle lwaseTyrrhenian kangangezigidi zeminyaka. Le nkqubo yokunciphisa indalo ivelisa ukunyikima kubunzulu obukhulu, okuhlala kwenzeka rhoqo kunxweme lwase ICalabria neSicily, kwaye ayixhaphakanga kangako elunxwemeni lwaseCampania, apho kwenzeke khona inyikima yangoku.
Nangona kunjalo, eli asiloxesha lokuqala uLwandle lwaseTyrrhenian olusemazantsi lubhala ingxelo ngalo. iinyikima ezinzulu eziphakathi okanye eziphezuluKwiminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo, lo mmandla uye waba neziganeko ezifanayo, ezifana nezo 28 Oktobha ka-2016, enobukhulu obuyi-5,8 kubunzulu obuyi-481 km, okanye obuyi- 29 Oktobha ka-2006, nayo inobukhulu obuyi-5,8 kodwa ikwi-221 km. Ngomhla wesi-3 kweyeNkanga ngo-2010, kwabakho enye inyikima enkulu enobukhulu obuyi-5,4 malunga ne-506 km.
Kutshanje, phakathi kobusuku bomhla wama-26 nowama-27 kweyeDwarha ngo-2023, kwabhalwa inyikima enkulu enobukhulu obuyi-4,2 kunxweme lwase-United States. ISingasiqithi saseSorrentokwiphondo laseNaples. Nangona zingenamsebenzi kangako, iingcali sele zitsalele ingqalelo kolu didi lweziganeko, kude kakhulu nomphezulu kodwa zikwazi ukuzenza zaziwe ngokubanzi xa ubukhulu busanda.
Ngokwekhathalogu yembali, Eyona nyikima inkulu ibhaliweyo kule ndawo Iqala ukususela ku- I-27 ngoDisemba 1978, xa kwaqala inyikima enobukhulu obuyi-5,9 kubunzulu obuyi-392 km ukusuka kunxweme lwase- gaetaNasemva phaya, uphando luka-1951 luchaza inyikima enamandla eyenzeka kwi Ulwandle lwaseTyrrhenian ngo-1938, enobukhulu obuqikelelwa phakathi kwe-6,8 kunye ne-7,1, ithathwa njengenye yeenyikima ezinamandla kakhulu kwimbali yale ndawo.
Intlanganiso yokulungelelanisa nokuhlaziya izicwangciso zokhuseleko loluntu
Ngenxa yenyikima, Isithili saseNaples Ngale ntsasa, intlanganiso yeZiko loNxibelelwano loNcedo ibizelwe ukuhlalutya imeko kunye nokulungelelanisa impendulo enokwenzeka. Umlawuli we-INGV uthathe inxaxheba kwintlanganiso. ULucia Pappalardo, umlawuli wesithili woKhuseleko loLuntu, Italo Giulivo, kunye noosodolophu bomasipala baselunxwemeni nakwiziqithi, abameli beSixeko saseMetropolitan, amapolisa, iCoast Guard, amagunya ezempilo (AA.SS.LL.), i-RFI, i-Italian Red Cross kunye ne-Ofisi yeSikolo seSithili.
Ngethuba lentlanganiso, i-INGV ichaze ukuba Inyikima yaqala kubunzulu obuyi-414 km. ngenxa yezizathu ezizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo kwiziganeko zentaba-mlilo kunye ne-bradyseismic zale ndawo Iinkalo zePhlegraeanNgamanye amazwi, akukho budlelwane buthe ngqo phakathi kwesi siganeko sinzulu kunye nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo obangela inkxalabo kwindawo ejikeleze iNaples, apho iziganeko zokuguquka komhlaba kunye nokunyikima okunxulunyaniswa ne-caldera zijongwa ngokusondeleyo.
Amagunya asekuhlaleni aqinisekisile ukuba, emva kokuhlolwa kokuqala, Akukho monakalo ufunyenweyo ebantwini okanye kwimpahlaNangona kunjalo, la mava asebenza njengesikhumbuzo kwaye akhuthaze oomasipala baselunxwemeni naseziqithini ukuba bakhawulezise uhlaziyo lweZicwangciso zabo zoKhuseleko loLuntu zikaMasipala, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo umngcipheko we-tsunami sele sele kukho iinkqubo zokufuduka xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.
Ukongeza, i-Coast Guard iyaqhubeka imisebenzi yokujonga unxweme lonke ukuthintela iingxaki ezincinci zokudilika komhlaba okanye iingxangxasi ezisenokuba azizange zibonwe ekuqaleni. I-Prefecture ibonise ukuba imeko ijongwa rhoqo, nangona kungekho miphumo ibalulekileyo elindelekileyo kule nyikima ithile.
Impendulo yesikhungo ikwatolikwa njengohlobo oluthile "Umthambo wexesha langempela" yeendlela zongxamiseko, eziluncedo ekulinganiseni ulungelelwaniso phakathi kolawulo, isantya sonxibelelwano nabemi kunye nokukwazi ukuphonononga imigaqo-nkqubo kummandla onomngcipheko ophezulu wejoloji.
Umxholo we-seismic kunye ne-volcanic eNaples nakumzantsi we-Itali
Indawo yedolophu yaseNaples, kunye phantse abemi abazizigidi ezi-3 kwaye linamandla aphambili kwezoqoqosho kumazantsi eYurophu, likwimeko-bume yejoloji apho iziphene ezisebenzayo, iintaba-mlilo kunye nezakhiwo ezinzulu njenge-subducting lithosphere phantsi koLwandle lwaseTyrrhenian. Ukuhlalisana kwezi ntshukumo kwenza lo mmandla ube yenye yezona ndawo zintsonkothileyo ngokweenyikima nangokuba ziintaba-mlilo kweli lizwekazi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingqwalasela yeendaba kunye nesayensi igxile ngakumbi kwi-caldera yase Iinkalo zePhlegraean, entshona yeNaples, apho ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kokunyikima kunye nokuguqulwa komhlabaIziqendu zokugquma komhlaba, amaqela ee-microseisms Kwaye ukungcangcazela okukhulu okungaphezulu kwe-4 kuye kwanyanzelisa ukuqiniswa kwezicwangciso zongxamiseko, kunye nokukhutshwa kwabantu abasengozini kunye nokuvalwa okwethutyana kwezakhiwo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.
Ngokwahlukileyo koku kunyikima komhlaba okunxulunyaniswa neenkqubo zentaba-mlilo, inyikima enzulu kwiGulf of Naples Ivela kusapho olwahlukileyo lwe-tectonic. Imvelaphi yayo inxulunyaniswa nokutsalwa kwepleyiti yamandulo yolwandle phantsi kwengubo, kude neendawo ezingaphantsi ezixhalabisa kakhulu ngenxa yamandla azo okutshabalalisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukudibana kwe imithombo emininzi yengozi yejoloji Inyanzela abasemagunyeni ukuba bacinge ngeemeko ezahlukeneyo kakhulu xa becwangcisa.
Ngokwembono yolawulo lomngcipheko eYurophu, esi siganeko siqinisekisa ukuba Akwanelanga ukujonga uhlobo olunye losongeloImigaqo-nkqubo yokuthintela kufuneka idibanise ulwazi oluvela kwiinethiwekhi zenyikima, iindawo zokujonga iintaba-mlilo, izifundo zejoloji kunye nohlalutyo lobuthathaka belifa elakhiweyo, e-Itali nakwamanye amazwe aseMeditera aneempawu ezifanayo.
Amava ezinye iinyikima ezinkulu e-Itali, njengaleyo ikwi- UL'Aquila ngo-2009 okanye ye I-Irpinia ngowe-1980, ibonise ukuba impembelelo yokwenyani yenyikima enkulu ayilinganiswa kuphela kwiziganeko ezonakeleyo nezakhiwo, kodwa nakwizinto ukuqina koqoqosho noluntu kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo. Kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi ezinezindlu ezindala, naluphi na uphuculo ekuthinteleni izifo lunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.
Imithetho yakudala yezindlu kunye neyokunyikima komhlaba: umngeni wexesha elide
Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu kumzantsi we-Itali, ingakumbi kummandla ojikeleze iNaples, kukuba ubudala besitokhwe sesakhiwoKwiphondo laseNaples, inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yezindlu yakhiwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe ukusebenza imithetho enzima kakhulu yokulwa nokunyikima komhlaba, eyakhuthazwa emva kweenyikima ezinkulu zesiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20.
Nangona kwiminyaka yakutshanje uRhulumente wase-Itali uye wasebenzisa iinkqubo zokuqinisa ulwakhiwo Nangona kukho inkxaso-mali ebalulekileyo yokuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo ezisengozini, iingcali zilumkisa ukuba le nkqubo iqhubeka kancinci. Phakathi kweengxaki abazikhankanyayo kukungabikho kwezixhobo zobugcisa kwabanye oomasipala, ubunzima beeprojekthi, kunye nexesha elifunekayo lokusebenza kwilaphu elixineneyo lasezidolophini, elihlala likhuselwe ngenxa yexabiso lalo lembali.
Ukungcangcazela okurekhodiweyo umsantsa wamanweleNangona ingazange yenze monakalo, itolikwa njenge isilumkiso esingenabungozi malunga noko kunokwenzeka ukuba inyikima enkulu efanayo inokwenzeka kubunzulu obungaphantsi kweendawo ezinabantu abaninzi. Umahluko phakathi kwesi siganeko sinzulu kunye neemeko ezibaluleke kakhulu unceda ukubonisa ukubaluleka kokutyala imali ekuthinteleni ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke isiganeko esiyingozi ngokwenene.
Kwimeko yaseYurophu, apho izixeko ezininzi zembali zikwiindawo ezishukumayo, amava ase-Itali athathwa njenge ilabhoratri ephambili ukuphuhlisa amaqhinga okuziqhelanisa, ukuqinisa iziseko zophuhliso, kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu olusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya zokhuseleko lwenyikima. Ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwamaqumrhu karhulumente, ukungafihlisi ekusebenziseni imali, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabemi zizinto eziphambili kwingxoxo.
Inyikima enobukhulu obuyi-5,9 kwiGulf of Naples ibonise indlela Isiganeko esibalulekileyo sinokutshintsha ii-ajenda Amanyathelo ezopolitiko, ezobugcisa, nawentlalo aphunyezwe ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo obonakalayo. Ukudibana kokubeka esweni ngokwesayensi, impendulo yokuthintela kwezothutho, iintlanganiso zokulungelelanisa, kunye nokuphononongwa kwezicwangciso zongxamiseko kushiya umbono ocacileyo: umzantsi we-Itali uhlala uyindawo enomngcipheko omkhulu wokunyikima kunye nomlilo, kodwa isiqendu ngasinye esifana nesi sinika ithuba lokulungisa imigaqo kunye nokuqinisa inkcubeko yokuthintela, ekugqibeleni, enokwenza umahluko omkhulu xa kuqhambuka inyikima enkulu elandelayo.
