Un inyikima enkulu ye-4,4 kunye ne-epicenter kwicala lasentshona le ulwandle lwealboran Yanyikimisa uninzi lwamazantsi eSpain kwiiyure zokuqala zangoLwesithathu. Ukunyikima, okurekhodiweyo malunga 00: iiyure ze-24Yenzeke nzulu kakhulu kwaye ibonakale ngokucacileyo koomasipala abaninzi baseAndalusia nakwezinye iindawo ngaphakathi kwepeninsula, nangona Akukho monakalo wobuqu okanye wezinto ezibonakalayo oxeliweyo.
Ngokwedatha ye Iziko leSizwe leJografi (IGN) Kwaye kwiinkonzo zongxamiseko zengingqi, ukunyikima kwavelisa izilumkiso ezininzi zabemi, ingakumbi kwi Andalusia, kodwa nakwi I-Ceuta, i-Extremadura kunye ne-Castilla-La ManchaUninzi lwabo bavakalelwa kukuba bachaze ukushukuma okufutshane, ukushukuma kwefenitshala, okanye ukushukuma okuncinci okomileyo, okuqhelekileyo kwezi nyikima zinzulu ezivela phantsi koLwandle lwaseAlboran.
Idatha yobuchwephesha yenyikima kuLwandle lwaseAlboran
I-IGN ichaze ukuba epicenter Yayikwindawo yase I-Alboran yaseNtshona, Ngaphambi kwe unxweme lwaseMalaga, kunye nee-coordinates eziqikelelweyo ze I-latitude esemantla engama-36.02º kunye ne-longitude entshona engama-4.66ºI-hypocenter yayikwindawo ubunzulu obumalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-90-92, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube yinyikima egxile kwindawo ephakathi, efana nale ndawo iphakathi konxweme lwaseMalaga nonxweme lwaseMorocco.
Ubukhulu, 4,4 kwisikali seRichterIthathwa njengephakathi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba yenzekile kubunzulu obunjalo, amandla asasazwa kwindawo ebanzi kakhulu. Enyanisweni, inyikima yafunyanwa kwizikhululo zenyikima kulo lonke elasezantsi leSpain kwaye yavakala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, nangona ngamandla aphantsi okanye aphakathi ngokutsho Isikali seMacroseismic saseYurophu (EMS-98).
Kwiindawo ezikufutshane nendawo eqala kuyo i-IGN, i-IGN ibale i- ubukhulu obukhulu be-III-IV, iyahambelana nokushukuma okubonakalayo ngaphakathi endlwini, ukushukuma kwezibane okanye izinto ezixhonyiweyo kunye nokunyakaza okuncinci kwefenitshala ekhanyayo, kodwa akukho monakalo kwizakhiwo okanye kwiziseko zophuhlisoKwezinye iindawo ezikude, ubunzulu behle baya amanqanaba II-IIIOko kukuthi, ukuziva ubuthathaka okanye ubuthathaka.
Imibutho efana ne-IGN kunye ne- Uthungelwano lweSizwe lweSeismic Bayibeka le nxalenye ngaphakathi imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yoLwandle lwaseAlboran, enye yezona ndawo zinomoya ophantsi kakhulu kwindawo engqongileyo ye-peninsula, apho ukungcangcazela kobukhulu obuphakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-5 kwenzeka rhoqo kubunzulu obuphakathi.
Indlela eyayibonwa ngayo eAndalusia: eMalaga, eCordoba, eSeville nakunxweme lwaseAndalusia
Uluntu oluchaphazeleke kakhulu ngokwembono yalo yayilulo Andalusia. Ifowuni ye Emergency 112 Andalusia Wamkela iminxeba engaphezulu kwamashumi amathathu kwimizuzu embalwa ukusuka kumaphondo ahlukeneyo afana ICadiz, iCordoba, iHuelva kunye neMalaga, kunye nezilumkiso ezigxile ekuchazeni ukungcangcazela, nangona ngaphandle kokuxela naluphi na uhlobo lomonakalo.
Kulo kwiphondo laseMalagaLe ntshukumo yayibonakala kakhulu elunxwemeni nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. I-IGN inike ubunzulu III-IV kwiidolophu ezifana I-Torremolinos, iMijas kunye ne-Ojénkwaye irekhode iimvakalelo ezifanayo kwiindawo ezininzi ezikufutshane: Isixeko saseMalaga (ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifana neGuadalmar okanye iLa Araña), iBenajarafe, iTorre del Mar, iAlhaurÃn el Grande, iArroyo de la Miel, iBenalmádena, iCoÃn, iCómpeta, i-Estación de Cártama, iFuengirola, i-Estepona, iLa Cala del Moral, i-Marbella, i-Sandro, i-Sandro, i-Sandro Al IManilva kunye nabanye oomasipala abakufutshane.
Abamelwane be Ummandla wase-Antequera Bakwaxele ngenyikima, bekhankanya ngokuthe ngqo Alameda kunye nezinye iidolophu ezisemaphandleni eMalaga. Abaninzi babalisa ukushukuma okufutshaneUkucofa etafileni okanye ukungcangcazela kwabenza bathandabuza imizuzwana embalwa ukuba ingaba yinyikima okanye yinto nje edlulayo de bajonga kwimidiya yoluntu nakwiwebhusayithi ye-IGN ukuba kukho ukungcangcazela okwenzeke.
En ECórdobaInyikima ivakale kwikomkhulu nakuluhlu olude lomasipala abangqongileyo nakwiphondo. I-National Geographic Institute (IGN) kunye neenkonzo ezingxamisekileyo ezili-112 zirekhode iingxelo zokungcangcazela kwisixeko saseCórdoba nakwi... IiPedroches, kunye nakwiindawo ezifana neCerro Muriano, Alcolea, Almodóvar del RÃo, Añora, Baena, El Viso, Fuente Palmera, La Carlota, Montoro, Nueva Carteya, Lucena, Palma del RÃo, Posadas, Priego de Córdoba, Hornacheelos, Villardoba, Pencodoba, Percoba IVillafranca kunye neVillanueva del Rey, phakathi kwabanye.
Kulo iphondo laseSevilleUbunzulu bubhalwe phantsi III-IV e-Almadén de la Plata kunye ne-Aznalcóllar, kunye ubunzulu III koomasipala abafana I-Alcalá del RÃo kunye noConstantina. Ukungcangcazela kwavakala nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezisasazekileyo zephondo, rhoqo kunophawu oluncinci kwaye kungekho miphumo.
Kunye Unxweme lwaseAndalusiUkungcangcazela kwasasazeka ukusuka echwebeni lase Algeciras ukuya kuthi ga kwindawo Imotoril, ngamandla II-IIIKwiimeko ezininzi, yinxalenye yabantu kuphela eyabona ukushukuma, ngokuqhelekileyo abantu ababevukile kwaye bephumle ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo, ngelixa abo babelele bengayibonanga kangako inyikima.
I-Ceuta, Extremadura kunye neCastilla-La Mancha: inyikima ebuthathaka kodwa ebanzi
Izandi zenyikima nazo zahamba zaya ngaphakathi kwilizwe liphela kwi-peninsula zaza zaya kuMntla Afrika. isixeko esizimeleyo saseCeutaIirekhodi ezisemthethweni zibeka ubunzulu phakathi II kunye no-III ye-macroseismic scale, nto leyo ethetha ukuba yinxalenye encinci kakhulu yabemi eyayiyiqonda, ikakhulu xa bephumle kwaye ngaphakathi kwizindlu okanye kwizakhiwo. Akukho ziganeko zibikiweyo. kwaye akukho mpembelelo kwiziseko zophuhliso.
En ExtremaduraInyikima imangalise abemi bomasipala abaninzi kumaphondo ase UBadajoz kunye noCáceresI-IGN iqokelele iingxelo ezizenzekelayo ezivela kwiidolophu ezimalunga namashumi amabini kwiphondo laseBadajoz, ukongeza kwizilumkiso ezithile kwisixeko saseBadajoz. Cáceres nakumasipala wase Malpartida de CáceresUbungakanani boxinzelelo oluqikelelweyo kulo mmandla bube ikakhulu Inqanaba IIOko kukuthi, ayivakali kakuhle kwaye ayinampembelelo kwizakhiwo okanye kwizinto.
Phakathi kweedolophu zase-Extremadura apho kwavakala khona ukunyikima kukho Badajoz, Mérida, Calamonte, Trujillanos, Villanueva de la Serena, Zafra, Zalamea de la Serena, Villafranca de los Barros, ePuebla del Prior, Castuera, Esparragosa de Lares, Fregenal de la Sierra, Fuente de Cantos, Jerez de los Cantos, Jerez de los Cantos, Jerez de los, Molos de los Cantos. la Real kunye ValdelacalzadaPhakathi kwezinye. Kwinkoliso yezi ndawo, uvakalelo lwalulinganiselwe kukungcangcazela okuncinci okanye ukushukuma okuncinci, okuhlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela.
Ukungcangcazela kwavakala, nangona kwakuncinci kakhulu, kwi kwiphondo laseCiudad Real, kwi ICastilla-La Manchaapho iNational Geographic Institute (IGN) kunye namapolisa aseKhaya barekhode iingxelo ezivela kubemi abathi bave ukunyikima. Nangona kukho isilumkiso sokuqala sokuba loo nto inokubangela kwiindawo ezingaqhelanga ukuba neenyikima, Akukho monakalo okanye iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ezibikiweyo.
Ngenxa yokungabi namandla kangako, iimbono ziye zaxelwa kwi iidolophu zaseAndalusi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu isasazeke kulo lonke elaseCadiz, eCordoba, eMalaga, eHuelva naseSeville, kunye naseCeuta nakwezinye iindawo zaseCastile-La Mancha, nto leyo ebonisa ukufikelela kwenyikima ngokwendawo nangona iphakathi ngobukhulu bayo.
Indawo esebenzayo ngokweenyikima: uLwandle lwaseAlboran kunye nomngcipheko kwiPeninsula yase-Iberia esemazantsi
Iingcali zisikhumbuza ukuba ulwandle lwealboran Yenye yeendawo ezine umsebenzi omkhulu wokunyikima komhlaba kumzantsi YurophuUnxibelelwano phakathi kweepleyiti zase-Eurasia nase-Afrika luvelisa isakhiwo esintsonkothileyo se-tectonic esibangela iinyikima ezixhaphakileyo, uninzi lwazo ukugxila okuphakathiubunzulu obuphakathi kweekhilomitha ezingama-40 ukuya kwezili-120, njengaleyo irekhodwe kwesi sihlandlo.
Desde Uthungelwano lweSizwe lweSeismic Kucacisiwe ukuba kweli candelo kukho uhlobo lwendawo yenyikima eqala kwindawo UMálaga kumzantsi-ntshona, ukuya kunxweme lwaseMoroccoKuloo ndawo, kuye kwabhalwa iinyikima ezininzi ezifanayo kwiindawo ezinzulu, ezinokuvakala kwiindawo ezinkulu kodwa zihlala zinjalo. Azibangeli monakalo mkhulu ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kwamandla njengoko edlula kuqweqwe loMhlaba.
Umzekelo wakutshanje wenzeke ekuqaleni UDisemba 2025, xa kwenzeka inyikima ubukhulu 4,9 ikwaphantsi koLwandle iMeditera, kufutshane kakhulu nedolophu yaseLas Lagunas, kumasipala wase UFuengirola (Malaga), malunga Iikhilomitha ezili-79 ubunzuluAkukho monakalo wenzekileyo kweso siganeko, nangona iingcali zibonise ukuba, ukuba besivela kufutshane nomphezulu, isiphumo besinokuba sahlukile kakhulu kwizakhiwo ezisengozini kakhulu.
Ngaphakathi kwiSithili sase-Iberia, Imephu yengozi yenyikima yaseSpain ibonisa ukuba umngcipheko Extremadura Incinci, nangona ichonga indawo enobungozi obukhulu kwi kumzantsi-ntshona wephondo laseBadajoz. I Isicwangciso esikhethekileyo soKhuseleko lwaBasebenzi soMngcipheko weNyikima e-Extremadura, ebisebenza ukususela ngo-2009, ibeka eyona ngozi inkulu kumasipala wase IValencia de Mombuey, ihlelwe nge amandla anokubakho VII kwisikali samanqanaba alishumi elinesibini, elilelona nqanaba liphantsi kakhulu kwiimeko ezinokwenza umonakalo omkhulu.
Kwisikali esingezantsi, ubukhulu VIOku kuquka oomasipala abangaphezu kwekhulu e-Extremadura, bonke basemazantsi nasentshona yommandla, uninzi lwabo luseBadajoz kwaye malunga neshumi eCáceres. Nangona kunjalo, abasemagunyeni bagxininisa ukuba, ngokwezibalo, amathuba eziganeko ezitshabalalisayo Umngcipheko kule ndawo usaphantsi, nangona kubalulekile ukugcina izicwangciso zongxamiseko nolwazi luhlaziyiwe kuluntu.
Indlela yokutolika ubukhulu bonyikimo
Ukongeza kubukhulu, obulinganisa amandla akhutshwayo, ii-arhente ezisemthethweni zisebenzisa Isikali seMacroseismic saseYurophu (EMS-98) ukuchaza iziphumo zenyikima ebantwini, kwizinto nakwizakhiwo. Esi sikali sichazwa ku amadigri obunzulu, ukusuka ku-I (akukho ngqiqo) ukuya ku-XII (ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo), kwaye isekelwe kwimigqaliselo echazwe ngabantu kunye neengcali.
Kule nxalenye, uninzi lweendawo ezichaphazelekayo zitshintshele ngaphakathi kweendawo II, III kunye ne-IV. I Ibanga lesiBini (elingazivakali kangako) Ichaza ukungcangcazela okubonwa kuphela ngabantu abambalwa kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo xa bephumle kwaye bengaphakathi kwizakhiwo, ngaphandle kwemiphumo ebonakalayo kwindalo okanye kwisakhiwo sezakhiwo.
El Ibanga lesi-III (elibuthathaka) Inikezelwa xa abanye abantu bebona ukushukuma okuncinci okanye ukungcangcazela ngaphakathi; isenokuba izinto ezixhonyiweyo zishukuma kancinciNangona kunjalo, akukho monakalo okanye utshintsho olubonakalayo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Linqanaba eliye lingabonakali ngamanye amaxesha yinxalenye enkulu yabemi.
Kulo Ibanga lesi-IV (elijongwe ngokubanzi)Olu nyikimo, oluyeyona nyikima inamandla kakhulu ebhalwe koomasipala abakufutshane nendawo ebangela uqhushumbo, lwaviwa ngabantu abaninzi ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo nangabantu abangaphandle. Kusenokuvakala ukugquma okuncinci kwezitya okanye iiglasi, ifenitshala ekhanyayo inokungcangcazela, kwaye abanye abantu banokuvuka. ngaphandle kokuthathwa njengeentshukumo eziyingozi ngenxa yozinzo lwezakhiwo.
Ngaloo Ibanga V (eliqinileyo) Ukususwa okuncinci kwezinto ezingazinzanga, iglasi ephukileyo, okanye umonakalo omncinci kakhulu kwizakhiwo ezibuthathaka kunokwenzeka. ukusuka kwi-VI ukuya kwi-XII ukusuka kwi-12 Sele zinxulunyaniswa nomonakalo omkhulu oqhubekayo kwiziseko zophuhliso nezakhiwo, into ebangela ukuba Oku akwenzekanga kule nyikima kuLwandle lwaseAlboran.
Iingcebiso zokuzikhusela ngaphambi, ngexesha nasemva kwenyikima
Iinkonzo ezingxamisekileyo, ezifana Emergency 112 Andalusia kunye neyakhe National Geographic InstituteZigxininisa ukubaluleka kokwazi ezinye izikhokelo ezisisiseko zokuzikhusela Xa kukho iinyikima, nakwiindawo apho ezi zinto zingaqhelekanga khona, izikhokelo kunye neevidiyo ezinolwazi ezishwankathela amanyathelo aluncedo kakhulu kwizigaba ezintathu—ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kokunyikima—ziye zasasazwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Phakathi kweengcebiso zangaphambili, ingcebiso lungiselela ikhithi encinci yongxamiseko kwindawo eyaziwa lusapho lonke, equka izixhobo zoncedo lokuqala ezinezinto ezisisiseko, amanzi asebhotileni, enye isibaneiibhetri ezingasetyenziswanga kunye unomathotholo ophathwayo ukulandela ulwazi olusemthethweni xa umbane ucinyiwe okanye kukho ukuphazamiseka konxibelelwano.
Kukwacetyiswa Vikela iishelufu, iikhabhathi kunye nefenitshala enzima eludongeniSusa izinto ezikwimigangatho ephezulu ezinokuwa, njengeevazi, iincwadi, okanye izixhobo ezincinci. Kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba zinamathele kakuhle na izinto ezifana neetshimini, ii-cornices, iibalcony, kunye nezinye izinto zangaphandle ezidla ngokuqhekeka xa kunyikima. Kumakhaya anezixhobo zokufakela izinto gesiKucetyiswa ukuba ujonge imeko yeepayipi rhoqo kunye nokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kweevalvu ezivaliweyo.
Ngexesha lenyikima, umyalelo oqhelekileyo ngulo thula apho kunokwenzeka khona kwaye uzimele kwindawo okuyo ngoku. Ukuba ungaphakathi kwendlu okanye kwisakhiwo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba Musa ukufikelela kwiifestile, iingcango zeglasi, izibuko kunye nezibanekwaye ujonge indawo ekhuselekileyo efana phantsi kwetafile eqinileyo, ibhedi eqinileyo, i-lintel yomnyango, ecaleni kwentsika, okanye kwikona eyomeleleyoKungcono ukungasebenzisi izinyuko okanye iilifti ngelixa kuqhubeka intshukumo.
Abo basesitalatweni kufuneka hlala kwiindawo ezivulekileyoHlala kude neefacade, ii-cornices, iindonga, iipali zombane, okanye nantoni na enokuwela. Ukuzifihla emnyango okanye phantsi kweebalcony akuyongcinga ilungileyo, njengoko ezi ziindawo apho amaqhekeza amancinci amaninzi adla ngokuwa khona xa kukho inyikima enamandla ngakumbi.
Ukuba inyikima ibamba umntu ngaphakathi emotweni, ingcebiso kukuba misa imoto kwindawo ekhuselekileyoukuphepha ukudlula phantsi kweebhulorho, ii-viaducts okanye iitonela, ukukhanyisa izibane zongxamiseko kunye hlala ngaphakathi ide iyeke ukunyikima. Emva koko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhube ngononophelo xa kukho ukudilika komhlaba okanye umonakalo kumphezulu wendlela.
Nje ukuba inyikima iphele, kuyacetyiswa Jonga ukuba kukho abantu abonzakeleyo na kuloo ndawo kwaye unike uncedo kuphela ukuba unolwazi olusisiseko loncedo lokuqala, ngelixa ulinde ukufika kwamaqela akhethekileyo. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba Cima amanzi, igesi, iitephu zombane. Ukuba kukho umonakalo ocingelwayo kwizakhiwo, musa ukusebenzisa iilifti de kubekho iingxaki zesakhiwo, kwaye uphephe ukungena kwizakhiwo ezibonisa imingxunya emikhulu, ukuqhekeka, okanye iimpawu zokungazinzi.
Abasemagunyeni basikhumbuza nokuba kungcono musa ukugqithisa kakhulu imigca yefowuniukuzigcinela ixesha leengxamiseko zokwenyani, nokusebenzisa, kangangoko kunokwenzeka, iindlela zolwazi ezisemthethweni - ezinje ngamaphepha e-IGN, iinkonzo zongxamiseko okanye iiakhawunti zeendaba zoluntu eziqinisekisiweyo - ukulandela ukuvela kwesi siganeko kunye neentlekele ezinokwenzeka emva koko.
Olu nyikima ubukhulu obuyi-4,4 kuLwandle lwaseAlboran, evakala kakhulu kodwa ingenabungozi, ibuyisela etafileni ukubaluleka kwayo ukuqonda indlela yokuziphatha kwenyikima yesiqithi esisemazantsi kunye nokugcina inkcubeko ethile yokuthintela, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezikunxweme nakwiindawo apho, nangona umngcipheko weentlekele ezinkulu uphantsi, ukungcangcazela kuyinxalenye yendalo yalo mmandla.
