Un Inyikima enkulu enobukhulu obuyi-4.9 ene-epicenter kwilizwe laseMexico laseChiapas Kubuyisele ingqalelo engapheliyo umsebenzi wokunyikima kwelizwe kunye nendima yeenkqubo zokulumkisa kwangethuba. Ukungcangcazela kwarekhodwa kufutshane nomasipala waseMotozintla kwaye, nangona kwakuvakala kwezinye iindawo, akubangeli monakalo okanye ukwenzakala ngokweengxelo zokuqala ezisemthethweni.
Esi siqendu, nangona sivela Ubunzima obuphakathi kwaye ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibiIsebenza njengesikhumbuzo sobunzima obukhulu benyikima yaseMexico kunye nokubaluleka kokuthintela, ulwazi oluthembekileyo, kunye nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi ezifana neNational Seismological Service (SSN) kunye neenkqubo zesilumkiso senyikima, ezikwanomdla eYurophu ukuphucula iindlela zazo zomngcipheko wenyikima.
Idatha malunga nenyikima enobukhulu obuyi-4.9 eChiapas
El Inkonzo yeSizwe yezeNyikima yaseMexico Inyikima irekhodwe ngobukhulu obuyi-4.9 kwisikali sikaRichter, sibekwe empuma yomasipala waseMotozintla, eChiapas. Ngokweengxelo zokuqala, esi siganeko senzeke e 18:22 p.m. ngoMatshi 14, kunye kunye ubunzulu obuphakathi kweekhilomitha ezili-158 ukuya kwezili-190, nto leyo eyichaza njengenyikima enkulu.
La indawo echanekileyo apho i-epicenter ikhona khona Yayikufutshane Iikhilomitha ezingama-34 empuma yeMotozintlaInyikima yenzeke malunga ne-15,31 degrees latitude kunye ne-91,932 degrees longitude. Olu lwazi lufunyenwe yinethiwekhi ye-SSN yezikhululo ze-seismic, ezijonga imisebenzi kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe ngexesha langempela.
Okubalulekileyo ubunzulu apho intshukumo yenyikima yadalwa khona Oku kuncede ekunciphiseni amandla okungcangcazela komhlaba. Nangona abanye abemi beedolophu ezikufutshane beqaphele ukungcangcazela, kuchazwe njengento encinci nefutshane, nto leyo echaza kakhulu ukungabikho komonakalo omkhulu wezinto eziphathekayo.
Emva kwenyikima, Amagunya okhuseleko loluntu asebenze kwiinkqubo zokubeka esweni ukwenza uhlolo olukhawulezileyo lweziseko ezibalulekileyo, ezifana neendlela, izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke, kunye neentambo zombane. Okwangoku, iingxelo ezisemthethweni azibonisi monakalo okanye ukwenzakala okukhulu.
I-SSN igxininise ukuba Ulwazi olukhutshwe kwiiyure zokuqala luyinto yokuqala.Njengoko idatha engaphezulu evela kwizikhululo zenethiwekhi icutshungulwa, iiparameters ezifana nobukhulu, ubunzulu, okanye indawo ye-epicenter zinokulungiswa, into eqhelekileyo kulawulo lobuchwephesha lolu hlobo lwesiganeko.
IMexico, ilizwe elijongene nomsebenzi omkhulu wokunyikima
Irekhodwa rhoqo iinyikima zomhlaba kummandla waseMexico Inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nendawo ekuyo. Eli lizwe likwindawo apho iiplate ezininzi ze-tectonic zidibana khona: UMntla Melika, iiCaribbean, iiCocos, iiPacific, kunye neRiveraLe tectonic mosaic yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba kubekho iinyikima ezininzi yonke imihla.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ibandakanya iziganeko eziphantsi okanye ezinzulu kakhulu Ezi nyikima zihlala zingabonwa ngabantu ngokubanzi kwaye zifunyanwa kuphela ngezixhobo zokulinganisa. Nangona kunjalo, iinyikima ezinamandla ngakumbi zirekhodwa rhoqo, ezinokuvakala kwiindawo ezibanzi kwaye zibangele umonakalo.
Umngcipheko wokunyikima komhlaba eMexico uthathwa njengophezulu kungekuphela nje ngenxa yenani leenyikima ezenzekayo, kodwa nangenxa amathuba okuzamazama komhlaba okukhuluingakumbi kwiindawo ezifana neGuerrero Gap eyaziwayo, apho amandla aqokelelana khona ngamandla okuvelisa iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kwixesha elizayo.
Omnye wemizekelo ekhankanyiweyo kakhulu kuluntu lwezenzululwazi ngulo inyikima kaMatshi 28, 1787kunye ne-epidemi yayo elunxwemeni lwase-Oaxaca, ebizwa ngokuba yi-8,6 magnitude. Le nyikima yembali ayizange ivelise nje ukunyikima okukhulu komhlaba, kodwa ikwavelise ne- itsunami eyahamba iikhilomitha ezininzi ngaphakathi elizweni, ebonisa amandla amakhulu okutshabalalisa anokuba nawo lo mmandla.
Izifundo ezenziwe yi- Iziko leSeismic Instrumentation kunye nokuRekhoda (CIRES) Emva kwenyikima enkulu, abaphandi babonisa ukuba iinyikima ezifanayo zinokwenzeka kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo, ezinxulumene nokuqokelelwa koxinzelelo kunxweme lwaseMexico noluseMbindini weMelika. Olu hlobo lophando luthathelwa ingqalelo ziiarhente zokhuseleko loluntu kwamanye amazwe, kuquka nawaseYurophu, ezihlalutya iimeko ezifanayo zomngcipheko kwimimandla yazo esebenzayo.
Iinyikima ezingalibalekiyo: 1985 kunye no-2017 kwimemori edibeneyo
Kwingcamango yaseMexico, Imihla emibini igxile kwinxalenye enkulu yenkumbulo yakutshanje yenyikimaNge-19 kaSeptemba 1985 kunye ne-19 kaSeptemba 2017. Zombini ezi nyikima, nangona zahlukile ngobukhulu nendawo, zibe nemiphumo emibi kakhulu, ingakumbi kwiSixeko saseMexico nakwiindawo ezisingqongileyo.
El 1985 inyikima Yenzeke ngentsimbi ye-7:19 kusasa, ubukhulu bayo busondele kwi-8,2 kwaye yindawo ephambili kwilizwe laseGuerrero. Le nyikima yabangela ukudilika okukhulu kwezakhiwo, ukufa kwamawaka, kunye nempembelelo enkulu kwezentlalo nakwezopolitiko. Emva kwesi siganeko, utshintsho lwenziwe kwiikhowudi zokwakha, iinkqubo zokhuseleko loluntu, kunye nolawulo olungxamisekileyo.
Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, inyikima kaSeptemba 19, 2017Inyikima, enesiqalo sayo phakathi kwePuebla neMorelos kwaye yarekhodwa ngentsimbi ye-13:14 emva kwemini, iphinde yagungqisa umbindi weMexico. Umonakalo obangelwe yi... amakhulu abantu abafileyo kunye nomonakalo omkhulu wesakhiwoEsi siganeko siphinde savavanya indlela ezisabela ngayo iziko kunye nabemi, kunye nophuculo oluqaliswe ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1980.
Kwizigidi zabantu, yonke into entsha yokungcangcazela, nokuba yinto encinci, ibangela ixhala. ubukhulu obuphakathi njenge-4.9 eChiapasIvuselela iinkumbulo zezo nyikima zinkulu. Le nxalenye yeemvakalelo ikwachaphazela indlela abantu ababona ngayo umngcipheko kunye nemfuno yolwazi oluthembekileyo, into engaqhelekanga eYurophu, apho iziganeko ezifana nezo zase-Itali, eGrisi, okanye eTurkey nazo ziye zaphawula izizukulwana.
Kulo mxholo, iinkqubo zesilumkiso, uqeqesho kunye nemfundo yolawulo lomngcipheko Zithathwa njengezibalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ubuthathaka babemi, eMexico nakwezinye iindawo ezisebenza ngamandla ehlabathi.
Kutheni i-alamu yenyikima ingasoloko ikhala?
Ngalo lonke ixesha xa kusenzeka inyikima eMexico, kuphakama umbuzo ofanayo rhoqo: Kutheni i-alamu yenyikima ingazange ivakale?Ityala lenyikima enobukhulu obuyi-4.9 eChiapas lalingafani, kuba le ntshukumo ayizange isebenzise izilumkiso ezivakalayo zeMexican Seismic Alert System (SASMEX) kwizixeko ezigqunywe yiyo.
Ukusebenza kwale nkqubo kusekelwe kwi inethiwekhi yeenzwa ezimalunga nekhulu Ezi nkqubo zisasazwa ukusuka eBahía de Banderas eJalisco ukuya kwi-Isthmus yaseTehuantepec, kuquka iindawo ezifana nommandla wase-Upper Balsas eGuerrero, emazantsi ePuebla, kunye neendawo ezinkulu zase-Oaxaca. Xa enye yezi nkqubo ibona inyikima enamandla, ithumela umyalezo werediyo kumaziko olawulo kwimizuzwana embalwa yokuqala.
Ukususela kuloo mqondiso wokuqala, inkqubo iqikelela ngokukhawuleza ubukhulu kunye namandla akhutshwa kukungcangcazelakunye nomgama oya kwizixeko ezijongiweyo. Kuphela xa ezi parameters zidlula imida ethile emiselwe kwiziko ngalinye ledolophu apho isilumkiso sisebenza, sifika imizuzwana embalwa kwangaphambili, ngokwaneleyo kwiimeko ezininzi ukufuna indawo yokukhosela okanye ukuphazamisa imisebenzi enobungozi.
Ngoko ke, a ukungcangcazela okuphakathi, okunzulu okanye ukungcangcazela okukude neendawo ezigqunyiweyo Isenokunganiki silumkiso, nangona ibonwa ngokugqibeleleyo zizixhobo ze-SSN okanye ibonwa nangabantu basekuhlaleni. Inokwenzeka nokuba, ukuba indawo ekufuphi kakhulu nesixeko, amaza enyikima afika phantse ngaxeshanye nesignali yesilumkiso, nto leyo enciphisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo.
Nguye Iziko leSeismic Instrumentation kunye nokuRekhoda (CIRES) Iqumrhu eliyila, eligcina, nelisebenzisa iziseko zokuchonga kunye nokusasaza isilumkiso senyikima eMexico. Amava aqokelelwe kule nkqubo ajongwa ngokusondeleyo ngamanye amazwe, kuquka amanye aseYurophu, afunda izisombululo ezifanayo ezilungelelaniswe neenyani zawo zejoloji.
Ngaba iinyikima zinokuxelwa kwangaphambili?
Omnye wemibuzo ebangela umdla kakhulu kubemi kukuba ingaba kunokwenzeka na ukwazi kwangaphambili ukuba kuza kubakho nini inyikimaNanamhla oku, impendulo yoluntu lwezenzululwazi icacile: akukho ndlela inokuthenjwa, esekelwe kubungqina, kwaye isebenzayo evumela ukuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo umhla, ixesha, kunye nendawo yenyikima.
Imibutho ekhethekileyo efana Inkonzo yeSizwe yeSeismological Bagxininisa kwelokuba iinyikima azinakuxelwa kwangaphambili ngokuchanekileyo, nokuba kuseMexico okanye kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Zinokuchongwa. iindawo ezinamathuba aphezulu okusebenza kwenyikima kunye nokuqikelela, usebenzisa iimodeli, amaxesha aqikelelweyo okuphinda kwenzeke iziganeko ezinkulu, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba kuthiwe kuza kwenzeka nini inyikima ethile.
Nangona kukho imizamo emininzi nezifundo zamazwe ngamazwe, Akukho nkqubo yokuqikelela ebonakalise ukuba iqinile kwaye inokuphinda-phinda. phantsi kweemeko zehlabathi lokwenyani. Ubunzima beenkqubo ezibonakalayo ezenzeka ngaphakathi eMhlabeni kunye nomlinganiselo wokujonga olinganiselweyo kuthetha ukuba, okwangoku, imizamo igxile ekubekeni esweni rhoqo, isilumkiso kwangethuba, kunye nokunciphisa ubuthathaka.
Le nyaniso ikwaboniswa ngamazwe aseYurophu anentshukumo enkulu yokunyikima, njenge-Itali, iGrisi, neRomania, apho kugxilwe khona Qinisa imithetho yokwakha, uphucule ukulungela kwabemi, kwaye uphuhlise uthungelwano lokufumanisa ngokukhawuleza endaweni yokuthembela kwingxelo echanekileyo, nto leyo, okwangoku, engenakwenzeka.
Ngoko ke, iingcali zicebisa ukuba uqaphele Iintengiso okanye imiyalezo ethi ixele kwangaphambili inyikima Ngokukodwa, kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi ziindlela ezingafanelekanga zokuchazwa kolwazi lwesayensi okanye, ngokuthe ngqo, umxholo ngaphandle kwesiseko sobugcisa esinokudala ixhala elingeyomfuneko.
Iingcebiso zokhuseleko kunye nezifundo eziluncedo eYurophu
Ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo iinyikima, esona sixhobo silungileyo... ukuthintela kunye nokulungiselela uluntuAbasemagunyeni baseMexico bagxininisa kwimfuneko yokuba nezicwangciso zongxamiseko zosapho, ukuchonga iindlela zokufuduka kunye neendawo ezikhuselekileyo emakhayeni, kwiindawo zokusebenza nakwiindawo zikawonke-wonke.
Kucetyiswa ukuba ube ne ikhithi esisiseko yongxamiseko Paka amanzi, ukutya okungonakaliyo, itotshi, unomathotholo osebenza ngebhetri, izixhobo zoncedo lokuqala, kunye neekopi zamaxwebhu abalulekileyo. Ngexesha lenyikima, isincomo esiqhelekileyo kukuhlala uzolile, uhlale kude neefestile nezinto ezinokuwa, kwaye uzimele phantsi kwefenitshala eqinileyo okanye kufutshane nezinto eziqinileyo, nanini na xa kunokwenzeka.
Kwizakhiwo zanamhlanje eziyilwe ngemilinganiselo yokumelana nenyikima, iingcali zihlala zicebisa ukuba abantu hlala ngaphakathi ngexesha lenyikimaKuphephe ukusebenzisa iilifti kunye nee-escalator xa zisesemsebenzini. Nje ukuba ukunyikima kuphele, kuya kubakho ukuphuma ngocwangco ukuba kubonisiwe ziinkqubo zokhuseleko lwangaphakathi.
Ezi ndlela azikho eMexico kuphela. EYurophu, apho zikhona khona iindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu wokunyikimaKwimimandla efana neMpuma Mediterane, iBalkans, kunye neendawo ezithile zeSithili sase-Iberia, abasemagunyeni bayawaqaphela amava aseMexico kwimidlalo yokuzilolonga, iinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangethuba, kunye nenkcubeko yokuzikhusela.
Indlela ekwaphathwa ngayo inyikima enobukhulu obuyi-4.9 eChiapas, engabanga namonakalo okanye ukwenzakala, ibonisa ukuba iziseko zophuhliso zokubeka esweni ezilungileyo kunye neenkqubo ezicacileyo Zivumela uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lwemeko kwaye zibonelela ngesiqinisekiso kubemi, into ebaluleke kakhulu nakwiinkonzo zongxamiseko zaseYurophu ezijongene neengozi zemvelo ezifanayo.
Inyikima yakutshanje eChiapas, nangona Ubukhulu obuphakathi kwaye ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibiEsi siganeko sigxininisa ngakumbi inyani yelizwe eliphantsi kwentshukumo enkulu yokunyikima kunye nokubaluleka kokudibanisa isayensi, itekhnoloji, kunye nemfundo ukunciphisa impembelelo yezi zinto. Amava aqokelelweyo eMexico ekubekeni esweni, iinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangethuba, kunye nenkcubeko yokuthintela inika izifundo ezibalulekileyo ngaphaya kwemida yayo, kuquka eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, apho ukulungela kunye nolwazi oluchanekileyo kuhlala luyindlela engcono yokuzikhusela kwiinyikima.
