Kwakusasa ngoMvulo, inyikima kummandla weBiobío Ukhumbuze abemi basemazantsi-mbindi weChile indlela eqhelekileyo ngayo... umsebenzi wokunyikima kule ndawo kweplanethi. Olu nyikima, olurekhodwe malunga ne-1:44 kusasa, luvakalelwe ngokucacileyo ngabahlali bomasipala abahlukeneyo, ingakumbi kwiindawo zasezidolophini ezifana neGreater Concepción.
Nangona ubukhulu 4,5 Ubukhulu benyikima babumalunga ne-4,5, nto leyo ethathwa njengesiganeko esiphakathi. Abemi abaninzi baxele ukuba ingxolo eyandulela ukunyikima yatsala ingqalelo yabo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, yabavusa ebuthongweni. Nangona yayixhalabile ekuqaleni, ii-arhente ezisemthethweni zabika ukuba akukho monakalo okanye ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwiinkonzo ezisisiseko.
Iimpawu eziphambili zenyikima eBiobío
Ngokwedatha epapashwe yi IZiko leSizwe leSeismological (CSN) leYunivesithi yaseChileUkungcangcazela kubhalwe phantsi ngo-01:44:13 kusasa (ixesha lendawo) ngoMvulo, umhla wama-23 kuMatshi. Umlinganiselo ubeka ubukhulu 4,5 kwaye babeka indawo ephambili entshona yedolophu yaseCabrero, kummandla weBiobío.
Iiparameters ezibonelelwe yi-CSN zibonisa ukuba esi siganeko senzeke malunga Iikhilomitha ezingama-26-27 entshona yeCabrero, enobunzulu obusondeleyo Iikhilomitha ezili-30Ii-coordinates ezichaziweyo zimalunga ububanzi -36,95 kunye nobude -72,68Oku kubeka imvelaphi yenyikima kwindawo esele isaziwa ngomsebenzi wayo wejoloji.
Ezinye iingxelo zokuqala zikhankanyile ubukhulu malunga ne-4,3-4,5Nangona kunjalo, irekhodi elidibeneyo lenkqubo yesizwe ye-seismological lihlale likwi-4,5 degrees, inani elihambelana nombono ngokubanzi kodwa lingenawo amandla okwenza umonakalo ofanelekileyo kwizakhiwo eziyilwe kakuhle.
Iingxelo zokuqala zibonisa ukuba Intshukumo yayimfutshane kodwa yayihamba nengxolo enkuluLe yinto edla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokwanda kwamaza enyikima kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaba kunye nezakhiwo. Nokuba kunjalo, le nto ibonwa njengokushukuma okukhulu, ingakumbi kwizakhiwo nakwimigangatho ephezulu.
Abasemagunyeni bagxininisa ukuba, ngaphakathi kolu luhlu lobukhulu, amathuba omonakalo omkhulu aphantsi, ukuba nje izakhiwo ziyahambelana nemithetho imithetho yangoku yokumelana nenyikima, inkalo apho amazwe afana neChile enze inkqubela ephawulekayo emva kweenyikima ezinkulu zembali.
I-Epicenter kufutshane neCabrero kunye nokufikelela kwengingqi
Ngokweenkcukacha ezisemthethweni ezivela kwi-CSN, Indawo eyayiqala kuyo inyikima yayikwiikhilomitha ezingama-26 entshona yeCabrero.enobunzulu obumalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-30 ngaphantsi komphezulu. Olu hlobo lweziganeko zobunzulu obuphakathi ludla ngokuvakala ngokucacileyo kwindawo ebanzi, kodwa ngaphandle kobundlobongela bokungcangcazela okungaphantsi kakhulu.
Inyikima yavakala kwiindawo ezininzi indawo esembindini weChile, kunye neengxelo ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kummandla weBiobío, kuquka Ukuqonda Okukhuluapho abantu abaninzi babonisa ukuba Bavuka ngenxa yokungcangcazela.Kwezinye iimeko, ingxolo eyayingaphambi kokungcangcazela yayibangela ixhala elingaphezulu kunelo lokungcangcazela ngokwalo.
La Ummandla weBiobíoEkubeni besiqhelene neziganeko ezinjalo, isixeko saphendula ngoxolo. Abemi abaninzi babelana ngemibono yabo kwimidiya yoluntu, bechaza ukungcangcazela okufutshane okuhamba nokungcangcazela kwiifestile nakwifenitshala, kodwa ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi.
Ukufana, ezinye iinyikima ezinkulu ezifanayo Zarekhodwa kwindawo esemazantsi embindini ngamaxesha afanayo, njengaleyo ikufutshane neCauquenes (ummandla waseMaule), nayo eyathi yavakala e UÑuble kunye noBiobíoEzi ziganeko, nangona zahlukile, ziyinxalenye yomxholo ofanayo we-tectonic ogcina le nxalenye yelizwe isebenza rhoqo.
Olu hlobo lokungcangcazela okuphakathi luqhelekile kweli lizwe, nangona lunokubaphazamisa abo bangaluqhelanga, iingcali zigxininisa ukuba lukwasebenza njenge isikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kokulungiselela inyikima kunye nokugcina izicwangciso zongxamiseko zihlaziyiwe emakhaya, ezikolweni nakwiindawo zokusebenza.
Impendulo evela kwabasemagunyeni kunye novavanyo lomonakalo
Emva kwenyikima, INkonzo yeSizwe yoThintelo kunye nokuphendula kwiNtlekele (iSenapred) isebenze iiprotokholi zokubeka esweniIingxelo zokuqala zibonise ukuba Akukho monakalo ebantwini okanye kwiziseko ezibalulekileyo ezibikiweyookanye naluphi na ukuphazamiseka okubalulekileyo kwiinkonzo ezisisiseko ezifana nombane, amanzi okusela okanye unxibelelwano.
Ngokuhambelanayo, i Inkonzo ye-Hydrographic kunye ne-Oceanographic ye-Navy (SHOA) I-arhente ikhawuleze yahlola imilinganiselo yenyikima ukuze ikhuphe naluphi na umngcipheko onxulumene netsunami enokubakho. Ngolwazi olufumanekayo, i-arhente igqibe kwelokuba Kwakungekho miqathango yokuveliswa kwetsunami kunxweme lwaseChileKe ngoko, akukho zilumkiso zikhutshweyo malunga noko.
Ii-arhente zongxamiseko zengingqi ziqhubeke nokunxibelelana noomasipala kunye nee-ofisi zokhuseleko loluntu zasekuhlaleni ukuqinisekisa imeko ekhoyo. Ukususela ekupheleni kweengxelo zokuqala, Akukho ngxelo zokuwa kwesakhiwo okanye isidingo sokufuduka., ngaphaya kwenkxalabo enengqondo eveliswa yintshukumo yolu hlobo.
Olu hlobo lwempendulo edibeneyo lusiphumo seminyaka yomsebenzi kwiiprotokholi ze ulawulo lweengozi zentlekeleEzi ziindawo apho iChile inyanzelekile ukuba yenze inkqubela khona ngenxa yembali yayo yokunyikima. Izicwangciso ziquka yonke into ukususela ekuqinisekiseni imeko yeendlela kunye neebhulorho ukuya ekujongeni izibhedlele kunye neenkonzo zobuchule.
Abasemagunyeni basebenzise eli thuba ukukhumbuza abemi ngokubaluleka kokuba ikhithi kaxakeka esisiseko nokwazi iindlela zokufuduka kunye neendawo zokuhlangana ezikhuselekileyo, iindlela ezinokuthi, nangona zisenokubonakala ziphindaphindwa, zenze umahluko omkhulu xa kwenzeka isiganeko esikhulu.
Ubukhulu kunye nobukhulu: kutheni zingafani
Amava oku inyikima kummandla weBiobío Oku kubuyisela etafileni ingcamango ephosakeleyo eqhelekileyo: umahluko phakathi ubukhulu e ubukhuluNangona zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokungathi zizinto ezifanayo, ziingcamango ezahlukeneyo ezichaza iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenyikima.
La ubukhulu Ngumlinganiselo we ubungakanani bokungcangcazela kunye namandla akhutshiweyo ngendlela yamaza athambileyo. Lixabiso elikhethekileyo kwisiganeko ngasinye, elibalwa kwiirekhodi zezikhululo ze-seismological, kwaye lidla ngokubonakaliswa kwizikali ezifana nesikali sikaRichter okanye ngobukhulu bexesha. Kwimeko kaBiobío, ubukhulu babumalunga ne-4,5 degrees.
La ubunzulu bokushukuma komhlabakwelinye icala, ichaza iziphumo ezibonakalayo zenyikima ebantwini, kwizakhiwo nakumhlabaEChile, oku kulandelayo kusetyenziswa: Isikali soBunzulu beMercalli esilungisiweyo, esebenzisa amanani amaRoma ukusuka ku-I ukuya ku-XII ukwahlula yonke into ukusuka kwiinyikima ezingabonakaliyo ukuya kwiinyikima ezitshabalalisayo.
Ubunzulu obubonwa kwindawo ethile abuxhomekekanga kuphela kubukhulu besiganeko, kodwa nakwizinto ezifana umgama ukuya kwimbindi, la ubunzulu benyikima, la ijiyoloji yasekuhlaleniuhlobo lomhlaba kunye neempawu zezakhiwo. Ke ngoko, Inyikima efanayo inokuvakala ngamandla ahlukeneyo kwizixeko ezikufutshane..
Kwimeko yenyikima yaseBiobío, iingxelo zabemi zibonisa ukuba amandla aphakathi ukuya kwaphakathi, anele ukuvusa abantu abaninzi nokwenza ingxolo kwiifestile nakumaphahlakodwa ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo kwisakhiwo. Ngokweekhrayitheriya eziqhelekileyo eChile, igama elithi "inyikima" ligcinelwe ezo nyikima zibangela umonakalo omkhulu, olingana nobukhulu benqanaba VII okanye ngaphezulu kwisikali seMercalli.
IChile, iBiobío kunye nePacific Ring of Fire
Esi siganeko sisekelwe kwinyani yejoloji yaseChile, ilizwe elikwindawo ethe tyaba. I-Pacific Ring yoMliloLe yindawo enkulu apho uninzi lwemisebenzi yenyikima neyentaba-mlilo ixinene khona. Kule ndawo, iiplate zetectonic zihlala zidibana, zivelisa uxinzelelo olukhutshwa ngamaxesha athile ngendlela yeenyikima.
La Ummandla weBiobío Ikwindawo enye yezona ndawo zisebenzayo kakhulu kuloo mmandla, kunye nezinye iindawo zelizwe kunye neendawo ezishukumayo zezizwe ezifana neJapan neMexico. Le ndawo ichaza isizathu sokuba iinyikima eziphakathi zixhaphake kakhulu eBiobío nakwiindawo ezingqongileyo, zitshintshana neziganeko ezinkulu rhoqo.
KwaseYurophu, ngakumbi kumazwe afana neSpain, nawo ane iindawo ezithile zenyikima (ingakumbi kwi-peninsula esemazantsi nakwiindawo ezithile zeMeditera), njengoko kwenzekileyo kwi- inyikima kuLwandle lwaseAlboranAmava aseChile ahlala esebenza njengendawo yokubhekisa kwimiba imithetho echasene nenyikima, imfundo yoluntu, kunye neenkqubo zongxamisekoNangona umsebenzi wenyikima yaseYurophu ngokubanzi uphantsi kunomsebenzi wenyikima waseChile, imigaqo yokulungela nokuthintela iyafana.
EBiobío, abemi baye bahlala amashumi eminyaka befuna zilungiselele iintshukumo ezibalulekileyoInkumbulo edibeneyo yeenyikima ezinkulu zangaphambili iguqulela kwinkcubeko enkulu yokunyikima, into ethi, ngokutsho kweengcali, inciphise iingozi kwaye iphucule amandla okuphendula xa kwenzeka isiganeko esikhulu.
Ukudibanisa izixhobo zokubeka esweni eziphucukileyo, iinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangethuba, kunye nabemi abanolwazi oluthe kratya kubalulekile ekunciphiseni imiphumo yeenyikima ezizayo. Kule meko, iinyikima ezifana nezo zibhalwe kwiBiobío zikwasebenza njengesikhumbuzo esisebenzayo sokuba ukuthintela akunakuncitshiswa.
Konke okwenzekileyo kusasa, inyikima kummandla weBiobío Ekugqibeleni yahlala ingumcimbi ophakathi owavakala koomasipala abaninzi kumzantsi-mbindi weChile, udala ingxolo kwaye uvusa abantu abaninzi, kodwa ungabangeli monakalo okanye ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, yasebenza ekuqaqambiseni kwakhona ukubaluleka kokuqonda umahluko phakathi kobukhulu kunye nobunzulu, indima yePacific Ring of Fire, kunye nesidingo sokugcina inkcubeko yokuthintela okusebenzayo kuluntu oluchaphazeleka yintshukumo yokunyikima.
