Isalathisi somgangatho womoya eTürkiye sibe yinto ebalulekileyo yedatha Kuye nabani na ohlala apho, ohamba rhoqo, okanye ofuna nje ukunyamekela impilo yakhe yokuphefumla. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha kungaqatshelwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, umxube wezithuthi, imisebenzi yemizi-mveliso, iimeko zemozulu, kunye neziganeko zendalo ezifana nothuli lwasentlango zinokwenza ukuphefumla umoya ococekileyo kube ngumceli mngeni, ingakumbi kwizixeko ezikhulu.
Ukuqonda oko kuthethwa yizibalo ze-AQI, amanqanaba e-PM2.5 kunye ne-PM10, kunye neegesi ezinkulu ezingcolisayo Oku kubalulekile ekutolikeni ngokuchanekileyo iimaphu kunye noqikelelo esilubonayo kwiwebhusayithi ezikhethekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba uninzi lwale datha luveliswa ziimodeli kunye neenethiwekhi zesensor ezinolwazi olunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko ke kungcono ukuyithatha njengesixhobo sokubhekisa kungekhona njengenyaniso epheleleyo nengenakuguqulwa.
Isalathisi somgangatho womoya eTürkiye: imeko ngokubanzi kunye nomzekelo we-Ankara
Esinye sezona zibonakaliso ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekulinganiseni ungcoliseko yi-Air Quality Index (AQI)Isetyenziswa kakhulu eTurkey ukunika ingxelo yomgangatho womoya ngexesha langempela, olu luhlu lushwankathela iziphumo zempilo ezidibeneyo zezinto ezahlukeneyo ezingcolisayo kwinani elinye, okwenza kube lula kuluntu ukuyiqonda.
Kwimeko yeAnkara, ikomkhulu lelizwe, kubhalwe i-AQI engama-57.Ngokomgangatho we-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), lo mgangatho womoya uhlelwa njengo "Olungileyo." Oku kuthetha ukuba kuninzi lwabantu, ukuvezwa kulo moya akubeki mngcipheko mkhulu ngelo xesha.
Emva kwelo xabiso lilonke kukho indibaniselwano yamasuntswana kunye neegesiE-Ankara, imilinganiselo ekhoyo ibonisa uxinzelelo lwe-PM2.5 oluyi-12,2 µg/m³ kunye noxinzelelo lwe-PM10 oluyi-16,6 µg/m³. Ukongeza, amanqanaba e-nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) amalunga ne-5,7 µg/m³. La manani abonisa umfanekiso wesimo sezulu ngexesha elithile kwaye angasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuba umgangatho womoya unokuba yingxaki kumaqela asengozini.
Ngaphandle kwe-Ankara, imeko ayifaniIimeko zomoya zahlukile kakhulu phakathi kwemimandla, kwaye umgangatho womoya eTurkey uyatshintshatshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana noxinano lwezithuthi ezidolophini, ubukho beepaki zoshishino, imbonakalo yendawo, kunye neepateni zemozulu (ukutshintsha kobushushu, imimoya ekhoyo, iziqendu zokungena kothuli, njl.njl.). Izixeko ezifana ne-Istanbul, iBursa, i-İzmir, iGaziantep, kunye neDiyarbakır zihlala zijonga amanqanaba azo ongcoliseko kwaye zikhupha izilumkiso xa kufunyenwe ukunyuka okunokuchaphazela impilo yokuphefumla.
Ukubeka esweni rhoqo olu lwazi kuluncedo ngakumbi kubantu abane-asthma, i-COPD, okanye ezinye izifo zokuphefumla.kunye nabantwana, abafazi abakhulelweyo, kunye nabantu abadala. Ukujonga amanqanaba e-AQI ngaphambi kwemisebenzi yangaphandle, okanye ngexesha le-smog kunye nenkungu engcolisiweyo, kuvumela izigqibo ezikhuselekileyo, ezinjengokunciphisa ixesha lokuvezwa okanye ukuphepha ukuzilolonga ngaphandle okunzima ngexesha leeyure ezixakekileyo.
Imithombo yedatha, izaziso zokusetyenziswa kunye noxanduva
Ulwazi lomgangatho womoya olupapashwe kumaqonga akhethekileyo luhlala luhamba nezilumkiso ezicacileyo zokusetyenziswa.Enye yeeprojekthi eziphambili zamazwe ngamazwe, iWorld Air Quality Index, ithi ngokucacileyo idatha yongcoliseko lomoya ayiqinisekiswanga ngokuqinisekileyo ngexesha elichanekileyo lokupapashwa kwayo.
Ngenxa yezizathu zokuqinisekisa umgangatho, amanani anokutshintshwa ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambiliNjengoko idatha iphononongwa, iqinisekiswa, okanye iirekhodi ezintsha zifunyanwa kwizikhululo zokubeka esweni, ixabiso eliboniswe kwiwebhusayithi namhlanje linokulungiswa kancinci emva kweeyure okanye iintsuku. Oku akuthethi ukuba kukho utshintsho lokwenyani kumanqanaba ongcoliseko, kodwa kunoko kubonisa ukuphucuka komgangatho wedatha.
Olu hlobo lweprojekthi lugxininisa ukuba basebenzisa zonke iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuqokelela ulwaziNangona kunjalo, bakwacacisa ukuba iWorld Air Quality Index okanye iqela layo alinakubekwa tyala, nokuba kungesivumelwano okanye ityala, ngalo naluphi na umonakalo, ukwenzakala okanye ilahleko enokubangelwa kukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwaloo datha.
Ingcamango esisiseko kukuba ezi zizixhobo zolwazi ezinceda ekuvavanyeni iingozi.Ezi zixhobo zingasetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa imisebenzi nokuxhasa izigqibo, kodwa azithathi indawo yezilumkiso ezisemthethweni ezivela kwiiarhente zomgangatho womoya zelizwe okanye zasekuhlaleni. Kwimeko yeziganeko zongcoliseko olukhulu, kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuqinisekisa ulwazi kunye nabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo kwilizwe okanye kummandla.
Le ndlela ifanayo yokunciphisa uxanduva ikwabonakala nakwabanye ababoneleli bezoqikelelo zemozulu.Bathi iziphumo zabo zithathwe kwiimodeli zamanani ezinesisombululo esincinci sendawo. Ke ngoko, kusenokubakho ukungangqinelani ngoxinzelelo lokwenyani olulinganiswa kwiindawo ezithile, ngakumbi kufutshane neendlela ezixakekileyo okanye iindawo zoshishino ezikwindawo ephezulu.
Isalathisi se-CAQI yaseYurophu kunye noqikelelo lomgangatho womoya
Ukongeza kwi-AQI, iCommon Air Quality Index (CAQI) isetyenziswa eYurophu., ebisebenza ukususela ngo-2006, ukumela umgangatho womoya kwisikali esiphakathi kwe-1 ne-100. Esi sixhobo siluncedo kakhulu kwiimephu kunye neemeteograms kuba siguqulela amaxabiso obuchwephesha okungcola komoya abe lulwimi olubonakalayo olubonakalayo kusetyenziswa imibala.
Kwisikali se-CAQI, amaxabiso aphantsi amelwe kuluhlaza kwaye anxulunyaniswa nomoya ococekileyo.Amaxabiso aphezulu aboniswa ngemibala ebomvu, nto leyo ebonisa umgangatho womoya ophantsi kunye nempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uchonge ngokukhawuleza apho kugxilwe khona kakhulu kwiindawo ezinobungozi zongcoliseko.
Iinkonzo zokuqikelela ezibonisa i-CAQI zihlala zisebenzisa oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-"fund index"Oko kukuthi, leyo ichaza umgangatho womoya kude neendlela ezinkulu zezithuthi. Isizathu kukuba iimodeli zemozulu ezilinganisa ukusasazeka kongcoliseko azixhotyiswanga ukuvelisa umahluko omncinci kakhulu wendawo, njengaleyo iphakathi kwendlela esecaleni kwendlela enkulu kunye nesitalato esihambelanayo esikwiibhloko ezimbini ukusuka apho.
Ngenxa yesi sithintelo esingokwemvelo seemodeli, imilinganiselo ethathwa ngqo ecaleni kwendlela idla ngokuba phezulu. kunexabiso le-CAQI eliqikelelweyo kwindawo enye. Oku akuthethi ukuba uqikelelo aluchanekanga, kodwa endaweni yoko lwenzelwe ukubonisa inqanaba eliphakathi longcoliseko lwangasemva, kungekhona eyona ngongoma ibalulekileyo ecaleni kwendlela.
Kwiimephu zokuqikelela ungcoliseko lomoya, ikhowudi yombala ye-CAQI isetyenziswa kuzo zonke izinto ezingcolisayo ezihlalutyiweyo.ngaphandle kwepollen, apho kungekho sikhokelo sombala esimiselweyo kwinqanaba laseYurophu. UmunguNangona ingafakwanga ngokusesikweni kwisalathiso somgangatho womoya, ithathwa njengento ebalulekileyo kubantu abane-allergy, kwaye kwezinye iinkonzo iboniswa njengomaleko wolwazi olongezelelweyo, kunye nomfuziselo wayo.
Iinxalenye ze-PM10 kunye ne-PM2.5: ziyintoni kwaye zichaphazela njani iTurkey
Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yesalathisi somgangatho womoya eTürkiye imiselwa zizinto ezincinci.Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zizinto ezincinci okanye i-PM. Eli gama liquka amasuntswana amancinci aqinileyo okanye amaconsi olwelo ahamba emoyeni kwaye anokuphefumlwa xa ephefumla.
Ezi nxalenye zinokuba nemvelaphi yendalo okanye yabantuImithombo yendalo ibandakanya uthuli oluvuthuzwa ngumoya, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, kunye nothuli lwasentlango oluvela kwimimandla ekufutshane neyomileyo, nto leyo enokunyusa kakhulu uxinano lwe-PM10 kunye ne-PM2.5. Imithombo yabantu ibandakanya ukukhutshwa kwegesi okuvela kwiimoto, ukutsha kwamalahle, igesi, kunye neoyile, kunye neenkqubo ezithile zoshishino, ukufudumeza, kunye imililo yasendle egqithisileyo.
Iinxalenye ezinobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-10 microns zibizwa ngokuba yi-PM10Zincinci kakhulu: malunga nesinye kwisixhenxe sobukhulu beenwele zomntu. Olu didi luquka uthuli olucolekileyo, umsi, umsi, ityuwa, iiasidi, kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo zeesinyithi ezinzima. Uninzi lwazo lwenzeka ngqo kwimithombo yokukhupha umbane, kodwa ezinye zivela xa iigesi ezithile (ezifana nezo zivela kwimibhobho yokukhupha umbane okanye kwiitshimini zoshishino) zisabela ngokweekhemikhali emoyeni.
I-PM10 yenye yezona zinto zingcolisayo ezixhalabisa kakhulu impilo yoluntuAmanqanaba aphezulu ezi nxalenye anokunyusa ukuphindaphindeka kunye nobukhali bokuhlaselwa sisifo sesifuba, i-bronchitis nezinye izifo zemiphunga zibe mandundu, kwaye anciphise amandla omzimba okuzikhusela kwizifo zokuphefumla. Kwiziqendu ze-smog, inkungu ebonakalayo idla ngokunxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-PM10.
Ngaphakathi kweqela le-PM10 kukho iqhezu elincinci ngakumbi, i-PM2.5Ezi nxalenye zenziwe ngamasuntswana anobubanzi obuyi-2,5 microns okanye ngaphantsi. Ngenxa yokuba zincinci kakhulu, zinokungena nzulu kwinkqubo yokuphefumla, zifikelele kwiindawo ezingaphakathi zemiphunga kwaye zingene nakwigazi kwezinye iimeko.
Ukuchatshazelwa yi-PM2.5 ixesha elide kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko wokufa okwandayoingakumbi ngenxa yezizathu zentliziyo. Kumazwe aneendawo ezinkulu zasezidolophini kunye nezithuthi ezininzi, njengeTurkey, la masuntswana mancinci ayinto exhalabisayo, njengoko engachaphazeli nje kuphela abantu abaneemeko ezikhoyo, kodwa anokuchaphazela nomyinge wobomi babemi ukuba amazinga aphezulu agcinwa iminyaka emininzi.
Kwimeko yaseTurkey, igalelo lothuli lwasentlango nalo kufuneka liqwalaselwe.Ezi zithintelo zithutha amasuntswana amancinci kunee-microns ezingama-62 ukusuka kwiindawo ezomileyo, ezihlala ziqulathe iqhekeza elincinci ngokwaneleyo ukwandisa kakhulu amanqanaba e-PM10 kunye ne-PM2.5. Xa zihambelana nokuzinza komoya kunye nokungabikho komoya, zinokuvelisa iziqendu zomgangatho womoya ophantsi kakhulu.
Iigesi eziphambili ezingcolisayo: i-ozone, i-sulfur dioxide, kunye ne-nitrogen dioxide
Kunye nezinto ezincinci, isalathisi somgangatho womoya eTürkiye siquka iigesi ezininzi ezingcolisayo ezineziphumo ezibhaliweyo kwimpilo, ingakumbi kubantu abanezifo zokuphefumla ezingapheliyo. Phakathi kwezona zibalulekileyo yi-tropospheric ozone (O₃), i-sulfur dioxide (SO₂), kunye ne-nitrogen dioxide (NO₂).
I-ozone esezantsi akufuneki idideke ne-ozone ye-stratospheric.i-ozone, ekhusela kwimitha ye-ultraviolet. Kwi-atmosphere esezantsi, i-ozone ikhula ikakhulu kwiindawo zasezidolophini xa ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo (ezifana ne-nitrogen oxides kunye ne-volatible organic compounds) zisabela phantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya kwelanga.
Ukuvezwa kumazinga aphezulu e-ozone kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla nzulu kwaye ngamandla.Ingabangela ukuziva ufuthanisekile kwaye uneentlungu xa uphefumla nzulu, kwaye inokubangela ukukhohlela, ukurhawuzelelwa ngumphimbo, kunye nokungonwabi esifubeni. Ngaphezu koko, iyadumba kwaye yonakalise iindlela zomoya, yenza iimeko ezinje nge-asthma, i-bronchitis engapheliyo, kunye ne-emphysema zibe mandundu, kwaye inokunyusa ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma rhoqo.
I-ozone inokwenza imiphunga ibe sesichengeni sosulelo kwaye iziphumo zayo eziyingozi zingaqhubeka nokuba iimpawu ezibukhali zibonakala ngathi ziphelile. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuvezwa rhoqo kuncedisa ekuphuhlisweni kwesifo semiphunga esingapheliyo (i-COPD), ngoko ke iincopho ze-ozone eTürkiye ngexesha lobushushu kunye nesibhakabhaka esicacileyo Bafanelwe kukubekwa esweni ngokukodwa.
I-Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) yenye into engcolileyo eqhelekileyo, engenambala kodwa inevumba elinamandla nelicaphukisayo.Iveliswa ikakhulu ngokutshisa amafutha anesalfure, njengamalahle athile okanye iioyile zepetroli, kwaye inokusabela nezinye izinto zomoya ukuvelisa i-sulfuric acid, i-sulfurous acid kunye namasuntswana e-sulfate, zonke eziyingozi.
Ukuvezwa kumanqanaba aphezulu e-SO₂ okwethutyana kungonakalisa inkqubo yokuphefumla kwaye yenza ukuphefumla kube nzima, okubangela iimpawu ezinje ngokuxinana kwesifuba, ukukhohlela, ukurhawuzelelwa ngumphimbo, kunye nokuxinana kwe-broncho, ingakumbi kubantu abane-asthma okanye i-COPD. Ngaphezu koko, i-sulfur dioxide, kunye nezinye ii-sulfur oxides, zinegalelo ekwakhiweni kwemvula ene-asidi, enemiphumo emibi kwiindawo ezibuthathaka zendalo, umhlaba, kunye nemizimba yamanzi.
Amaqela asengozini enkulu ye-SO₂ ngabantwana, abantu abadala, kunye nabo banesifo se-asthma.Ngexesha longcoliseko oluphezulu, iingcebiso zihlala ziquka ukunciphisa imisebenzi yangaphandle kunye nokulandela imiyalelo yeenkonzo zempilo kunye nokusingqongileyo zasekuhlaleni.
I-nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), enombala obomvu-mdaka kwaye inevumba elibi, yenye into ebalulekileyo yomoya wasezidolophini.Yenziwa ngokuyintloko ngokutshisa amafutha efosili afana namalahle, ioyile okanye igesi, kwaye inxalenye enkulu ye-NO₂ ezidolophini ivela ngqo kwiigesi zokukhupha umoya ezindleleni.
I-NO₂ ayibalulekanga ngenxa yempembelelo yayo ngqo, kodwa ikwaba ibandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwe-ozone.Xa zininzi kakhulu, ziyatshisa ulwelo lwangaphakathi lwemiphunga kwaye zinokunciphisa amandla omzimba okulwa nezifo zokuphefumla. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nokuchatshazelwa zizinto ezifana nokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, umkhuhlane ophindaphindiweyo, iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, kunye ne-bronchitis.
Kwiindawo ezixineneyo zasezidolophini eTürkiye, ulawulo lwe-NO₂ lunxulumene kakhulu nolawulo lwezithuthi, ukuhlaziywa kwezithuthi, ukusetyenziswa kwezothutho zikawonke-wonke kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu oluthintela ukuxinana kwezithuthi kwiindawo zokuhlala nezezikolo.
Imida yemodeli, izilumkiso ezisemthethweni, kunye neearhente zasekuhlaleni
Iimephu zemozulu esemgangathweni zaseTürkiye zithathwe kwiimodeli zemozulu ezinamanani Ezi modeli zilinganisa indlela ukungcola okusasazeka ngayo nokusabela ngayo. Ngokwesiqhelo zinesisombululo esithe tye esimalunga neekhilomitha ezili-12, oko kuthetha ukuba iseli nganye kwimodeli imele indawo eneekhilomitha ezininzi kwicala ngalinye.
Eso sigqibo sibeka umda ocacileyo: iinguqulelo azinakuphinda zenziwe kwi-microscale.njengomahluko phakathi kwesitalato esixineneyo esixakekileyo kunye nepaki ekufutshane, okanye phakathi kwethambeka lentaba elihamba nomoya nelingenamoya. Iziphumo ziluncedo kakhulu ekufumaneni umbono jikelele, kodwa azithathi indawo yokuqwalaselwa kwenqaku kwisikhululo esikwindawo ethile.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ababoneleli bezinto ezibikezelayo bagxininisa ukuba iziphumo zisenokungahambelani ngokugqibeleleyo noxinzelelo lokwenyani.ingakumbi ngamaxesha ongcoliseko olukhulu okanye xa kukho izinto ezibonakala kakhulu kwindawo ethile. Kwimeko yeziganeko ezinzima, bacebisa kakhulu ukuba ujonge ulwazi olukhutshwe yi-arhente yomgangatho womoya yesizwe okanye yengingqi.
IKhomishini yaseYurophu okanye amaziko afana ne-ECMWF okanye iinkonzo zabucala ezifana ne-meteoblue azithwali uxanduva lokusetyenziswa kwezibikezelo zazo.Izaziso zabo zigxininisa ukuba ulwazi lubonelelwe ngeenjongo zokubhekisela, uphando kunye nokucwangcisa, kodwa izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo mazisekelwe kunxibelelwano olusemthethweni oluvela kumagunya afanelekileyo.
Enyanisweni, eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kukudibanisa zombini ezi mithombo.: sebenzisa iimodeli ukuze wazi into omawuyilindele kwiiyure okanye kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezizayo (umzekelo, ukuba isiqendu sothuli oluxhonyiweyo okanye i-ozone spike sisondela) kwaye uthelekise ezo zibikezelo kunye nemilinganiselo kunye nezilumkiso zenethiwekhi zesizwe okanye zikamasipala, ezinokukwazi ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zesilumkiso kunye nemiqathango yendlela yexeshana xa kuyimfuneko.
Inethiwekhi yezinzwa kunye neendawo zokulinganisa umgangatho womoya eTürkiye
Uvavanyo lomgangatho womoya eTürkiye aluxhomekekanga kuphela kwizikhululo ezisemthethweniIiprojekthi zesayensi yabemi kunye neenethiwekhi zoomasipala nazo ziyathatha inxaxheba, zandisa inani leendawo zokubeka esweni, ingakumbi kwiindawo zasezidolophini. Oku kunceda ekufumaneni umfanekiso ocacileyo wendlela ungcoliseko oluhluka ngayo phakathi kweendawo zokuhlala kunye noomasipala.
Phakathi kwezi sensor ezisebenzayo kukho ezininzi ezinxulumene neprojekthi ye sensor.community.Uthungelwano lwenzululwazi yabemi apho abantu kunye namaziko afaka izixhobo ezinexabiso eliphantsi ukulinganisa amasuntswana kunye, ngamanye amaxesha, nezinye iiparamitha zokusingqongileyo. ETurkey, ezinye zezi zivamvo zikwindawo ezifana neLiman Mahallesi (Konyaaltı, Antalya), Samanlı Mahallesi (Yıldırım, Bursa), ummandla waseKiriş (Kemer, Antalya), kunye neKışlabucağı (Gazipaşa, Antalya), phakathi kwezinye.
Kwimeko kaLiman Mahallesi, eKonyaaltı (eAntalya), inzwa ikwindawo ye-1419 StreetNgelixa iseSamanlı Mahallesi, kwisithili saseYıldırım (eBursa), ikufutshane ne-75th Street. I-Aras Sokak. Ezi ndawo, zisasazeke kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo (iMeditera, iMarmara, njl.njl.), zisenza sikwazi ukubona indlela amanqanaba eenxalenye zeentlanzi anokwahluka ngayo ngokuxhomekeke kumhlaba, ukusondela elwandle, izithuthi, okanye ubukho beepaki zoshishino.
Ezinye iindawo ezifanelekileyo zisasazeke kwiindawo ezikunxweme nakwimimandla yeMeditera engaphakathi., njengeKiriş eKemer (eAntalya) okanye iKışlabucağı eGazipaşa (eAntalya). Zonke ezi zikhululo zabemi zifakwe kwiimephu ezisebenzisanayo, nangona zingathabathi indawo yenethiwekhi ezisemthethweni, kodwa zibonelela ngolwazi olongezelelweyo oluxabisekileyo, ngakumbi ekuchongeni iindawo ezincinci zasezidolophini ezinomthwalo ophezulu wongcoliseko.
Kwinqanaba likamasipala, isithili saseKadıköy e-Istanbul sinothungelwano lwaso lwezikhululoUMasipala waseKadıköy usebenzisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa, ezinye zazo zichongiwe ngeekhowudi ezifana neKadikoyB-4, KadikoyB-7 okanye iKadikoyB-3, ezinxulumene neendawo ezahlukeneyo kuluntu nakwiziko zasekuhlaleni.
Umzekelo, esinye sezikhululo zeKadıköy sikufuphi neTürkiye İş Bankası, eMandıra Caddesi.Esinye isikhululo sokubeka iliso sikwindawo yaseGözcübaba (Dumlupınar Mahallesi), ngelixa esinye sikwiSikolo iModa Prayimari kwiGeneral Asım Gündüz Caddesi eCaferağa Mahallesi. Kukwakho nesikhululo sokubeka iliso kufutshane neBostancı Sports Club eBahçelerarası Sokağı (Bostancı Mahallesi). Ezi ndawo zinceda ukuvavanya ukuvezwa kwabafundi, abahlali, kunye neembaleki kungcoliseko lwemihla ngemihla.
Ukongeza, kukho iimbekiselo kwiisensa ezinxulunyaniswa neeprojekthi zemfundo nezenzululwazi., njenge-palynology (uphando lwe-pollen) olunxulumene neYunivesithi yaseKastamonu, ekwiKuzeykent Mahallesi, okanye izixhobo zokubeka esweni ezifana ne-uRad Monitor kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezinokubonelela ngedatha eyongezelelweyo malunga nemitha okanye umgangatho womoya.
Kwezinye iimeko, kuboniswa ukuba izinzwa ezithile azisebenzi okanye azirekhodanga idatha kangangeentsuku ezininzi. (umzekelo, amashumi aliqela okanye ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezilikhulu). Olu lwazi lubalulekile kuba lusikhumbuza ukuba ayizizo zonke izikhululo ezibonelela ngothotho oluqhubekayo, kwaye iimephu zenethiwekhi yabemi zinokuba nezikhewu zexesha ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kutolikwa iziphumo zazo.
Ukudibana kwezikhululo ezisemthethweni, iinethiwekhi zikamasipala, kunye nezinzwa zabemi kunika, ngokubanzi, imephu epheleleyo ngakumbi. yesalathisi somgangatho womoya eTurkey. Nangona idatha inokwahluka ngokuchaneka kunye nenqanaba lokuqinisekiswa, olu thungelwano lokuqwalasela lunceda ukunika uluntu izixhobo ezingakumbi zokuzazi nokwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo malunga nokuchatshazelwa kwabo ngumoya wangaphandle.
Inyani yomgangatho womoya eTürkiye iyatshintshatshintsha kwaye iyinkimbinkimbiIindawo zoshishino, uthungelwano oluxineneyo lwezithuthi, ukungena kothuli lwasentlango, kunye neemeko zemozulu ezitshintshayo zibangela ukuba izalathisi ze-AQI kunye ne-CAQI zitshintsha-tshintshe rhoqo. Ukuba nezibikezelo, iingcebiso ezicacileyo zokusetyenziswa, ulwazi ngemiphumo yongcoliseko ngalunye, kunye nenethiwekhi eyahlukeneyo yezinzwa ezisasazwa kulo lonke ilizwe kusenza siqonde ngcono ukuba ithetha ukuthini imifanekiso esiyibonayo kwiimaphu kunye nendlela enokuyichaphazela ngayo impilo-ntle yemihla ngemihla yabemi.
