Intlango yaseAtacama iphinde yaba sembindini wesayensi yeenkwenkwezi zehlabathi Ngokuqalisa ukusebenza kweteleskopu ye-submillimeter esebenza kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, iFred Young Submillimeter Telescope (FYST) iqalile ngokusesikweni ukujonga kwayo kwincopho yeCerro Chajnantor kumantla eChile, ilungiselela ukuhlola ezinye zezona ndawo zibandayo nezindala zendalo yonke.
Ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-5.600 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, Esi sixhobo senzululwazi sibekwe ngaphezu komphunga wamanzi omninzi kwimozulu yoMhlaba.Le yimeko ebalulekileyo yokubamba ngokuchanekileyo imitha ye-submillimeter kunye ne-millimeter. Ngokusebenza kwayo, i-FYST ivula ifestile entsha kwindalo yakudala kwaye iqinisa ubunkokeli baseChile, kunye nolwandiso loluntu lwezenzululwazi lwaseYurophu nolwehlabathi, ekujongeni isibhakabhaka.
Iteleskopu eluphahleni lwehlabathi ukuze ifunde ngendalo ebandayo
I-FYST ikwincopho yeCerro Chajnantor, ngaphakathi kweAtacama Astronomical Park, kwiNgingqi yaseAntofagasta. Indawo yayo imalunga neemitha ezingama-5.600 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandleOlu kuphakama lufana okanye luphakame kuneenkampu ezininzi ezisezantsi zeentaba ezinkulu zaseHimalaya. Le meko imbi kakhulu ayixhomekekanga kwisizathu: okukhona ukuphakama kuphezulu, kokukhona umphunga wamanzi uncinci emoyeni, kwaye ke ngoko kokukhona amaza obude obunomdla kwi-astronomy ye-submillimeter edlula ngcono.
Le teleskopu intsha ifakwe kwiimitha ezingama-40 ngaphantsi kweteleskopu yaseJapan iTAO, egxile kwi-infrared kwaye ayikangeni kwinqanaba layo lokusebenza, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezifana neteleskopu. EBONISIWEYO. Lo mahluko ekusetyenzisweni ubalulekileNangona i-TAO igxile kwi-infrared, i-FYST yenzelwe ukusebenza kuluhlu lwe-submillimeter kunye ne-millimeter, ivumela ukuba ibone imitha evela kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-"cold universe," apho iinkwenkwezi, iigalaksi, kunye nezakhiwo ze-cosmic zakha khona kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu.
Inesipili esinobubanzi obuziimitha ezi-6 kunye noyilo olutsha lwe-optical, I-FYST iya kukwazi ukwenza ukudubula kwiindawo ezinkulu zesibhakabhaka enovakalelo oluphuculweyo lokuthatha imiqondiso ebuthathaka kakhulu. Olu buchule bokuskena iindawo ezibanzi lwenza ukuba ibe sisixhobo esisebenzayo kakhulu sokufumana izinto kunye neziganeko ezinokufundwa ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi kwezinye iindawo zokujonga.
Phakathi kweenjongo zayo eziphambili zesayensi kukho isifundo semvelaphi yeenkwenkwezi zokuqala kunye neegalaksiUlwakhiwo olukhulu lwendalo iphela kunye nohlobo lwamandla amnyama kunye nezinto ezimnyama kuya kuba ngundoqo ekuqondeni igesi kunye nothuli olubandayo kwiMilky Way nakwezinye iigalaksi, nto leyo enika ulwazi olubalulekileyo lokuqonda indlela iinkqubo zeenkwenkwezi ezidaleka ngayo.
Intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nendima ephambili yeYunivesithi yaseChile
Iprojekthi ye-FYST sisiphumo intsebenziswano enkulu yamazwe ngamazwe equlunqwe yiCerro Chajnantor Atacama Telescope (CCAT) corporationEli qumrhu likhokelwa yiYunivesithi yaseCornell (e-United States) kwaye libandakanya inxaxheba yeqela laseJamani - elenziwe yiYunivesithi yaseCologne, iYunivesithi yaseBonn kunye neMax Planck Institute for Astrophysics - kunye neqela laseKhanada elikhokelwa yiYunivesithi yaseWaterloo.
Kwinqanaba lendawo, IYunivesithi yaseChile idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekufikeni nasekufakweni kweteleskopuesebenza njengeqabane elinobuchule eChile. Imizamo yabo yenze kwaba lula ukuhlanganiswa kwesi sixhobo kwinkqubo yokujonga izinto eNtlango yaseAtacama, ngelixa bekwajongana neengxabano ezijikeleze iiprojekthi ezinkulu ezichaphazela isayensi yeenkwenkwezikwaye ubudlelwane bexesha elide buya kuhlanganiswa phakathi koluntu lwezenzululwazi lwesizwe kunye namaqela avela eMelika, eYurophu naseKhanada.
KwiSebe lezeNzululwazi yeenkwenkwezi leSebe lezeNzululwazi zeFiziksi neMathematika kwiYunivesithi yaseChile, abaphandi abaliqela bagxininise ukubaluleka kwale nkqubela. Kuyagqanyiswa ukuba i-FYST ivula ifestile entsha yokujonga kwaye iya kongeza amandla eeprojekthi ezinkulu, ngelixa iqinisa isikhundla seChile njengeqonga lokulinganisa leenkwenkwezi zenkulungwane yama-21.
Kwiziko laseChile, ukuvulwa kweteleskopu akuthethi nje ukufikelela kwidatha ekumgangatho ophezulu, kodwa ukunyusa ngokuthe ngqo ulawulo lwesayensi nobuchwephesheInkxaso enikwe yiyunivesithi iboniswe njengokuzinikela ekuqiniseni ubukho bayo kwiiprojekthi eziphambili nokuqinisekisa ukuba amaqela ayo athatha inxaxheba ekuchazeni iinkqubo zesayensi.
Isongezelelo esicwangcisiweyo kwi-ALMA nakwezinye iindawo zokubukela eziphambili
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-FYST ngumsebenzi wayo njenge isithako sendalo kwezinye iindawo zokubukela ezikumgangatho wehlabathi esele zifakiwe kumantla eChilePhakathi kwazo kukho i-Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukuhlola iindawo ezinkulu zesibhakabhaka, le teleskopu intsha iza kusebenza njenge "scout" enokuchonga imithombo enomdla eya kuthi kamva ifundwe ngokweenkcukacha kwiindawo ezifana ne-ALMA.
Iingcali zeenkwenkwezi zerediyo zigxininise ukuba I-FYST iya kuba luncedo ngakumbi kwi-cosmology yokujongaOku kuya kuvumela izazinzulu ukuba zibone iinkwenkwezi ezikude kakhulu kwaye zihlalutye ulwakhiwo lwendalo yonke kunye neMilky Way ngokwayo. Olu lwazi luya kunceda ekuphuculeni iimodeli zangoku zendlela izakhiwo zokuqala zendalo yonke ezadalwa zaza zavela ngayo.
Ngokwembono yefiziksi ephakathi kweenkwenkwezi, iteleskopu iya kubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo. Abaphandi abazinikele kuphando lwamafu eemolekyuli babonisa ukuba i-FYST iya kuvumela qaphela utshintsho oluthile lwekhabhoni e-ionized kunye nekhabhoni engathathi cala nto leyo, ukusuka kumphezulu woMhlaba, enokufundwa ngokwaneleyo kuphela ngesixhobo esikwindawo eyomileyo nephezulu njengeChajnantor.
Olu dibaniso lwezakhono—ii-wide swaths, uvakalelo kuluhlu lwe-submillimeter, kunye nokusebenzisana ne-observatories ezisele zikho—lwenza i-FYST ibonakale ngathi isiqwenga esingena kwinethiwekhi yehlabathi yeeteleskopu ezinkuluLe nkqubo iza kusinceda sifumane umfanekiso opheleleyo ngakumbi wendalo ebandayo, ukusuka kwiindawo apho iinkwenkwezi zizalwa khona kwizakhiwo ezikude nezakudala.
Ilebhu ephakamileyo yezizukulwana ezintsha zezazinzulu
Ngaphaya kweziphumo zesayensi ezilindelekileyo kwiminyaka ezayo, I-FYST ikwathathwa njengeqonga loqeqesho elinamandla kubafundi nakubaphandi abaselula. AbaseJamani, iingcali ezibandakanyeka kuyilo kunye nezixhobo zeteleskopu zigxininisa ukuba enye yeenjongo eziphambili kukubandakanya izizukulwana ezintsha kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji, isoftware, kunye neendlela ezinxulumene ne-astronomy engaphantsi kwemilimitha.
Ukusebenza kweteleskopu kufuna amaqela ahlukeneyo apho izazi ngeenkwenkwezi, iinjineli, iingcali kunye neengcali zekhompyutha zisebenzisana khonaUkuthatha inxaxheba kwiprojekthi enkulu kangaka kunika abafundi baseYurophu, eMelika naseChile ithuba lokusebenza nezixhobo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kwindawo enzima nenzima kakhulu.
Kwimeko yaseYurophu, olu lwakhiwo luqinisa uthungelwano lwentsebenziswano phakathi kweeyunivesithi kunye namaziko ophando kwilizwekazi abasele besebenza ngedatha evela kwiindawo zokujonga izinto ezikwiChile. Kumaqela aseSpain nakwamanye amazwe e-EU, ukufikelela kwimibono eyenziwe yiChajnantor kubonisa ulwandiso lwendalo lomsebenzi wabo kwimisebenzi yasesibhakabhakeni nakwizibonelelo ezinkulu ezisemhlabeni.
Indlela evulelekileyo neyamazwe ngamazwe ye-CCAT consortium yenza kube lula ngayo Amaqela avela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo angacebisa iinkqubo zesayensiukuthatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwezixhobo ezongezelelweyo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kumaphulo okujonga. Le modeli yokusebenzisana ihambelana nezinto eziza kuqala kumgaqo-nkqubo wesayensi waseYurophu, ojonge ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa okwabelwanayo kweziseko zophuhliso ezinkulu kunye nokukhuthaza ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi.
Impumelelo yobunjineli kunye noncedo lwesayensi
Ngokwembono yobugcisa, i-FYST imele umngeni ongaqhelekanga wezothutho nobunjineliLe teleskopu yayiyilwe yaza yakhiwa yinkampani yaseJamani iCPI Vertex Antennentechnik GmbH, egxile kwi-antennas ezichanekileyo kakhulu. Izinto zayo, ezinye zinobunzima obufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-60, kwafuneka zenziwe eYurophu, zithuthwe ngenqanawa ziye eChile, ekugqibeleni zithuthwe ngendlela ukuya encotsheni yeCerro Chajnantor.
Iimeko zokuphakama kakhulu zithetha ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphantsi, umoya omncinci, kunye neemfuno ezongezelelweyo ekusebenzeni koomatshini kunye ne-elektronikiYonke le nkqubo yenzelwe ukugcina uzinzo olufunekayo kunye nokuchaneka kwindawo apho abasebenzi banokuhlala khona ixesha elithile ngenxa yokuphakama.
Le projekthi yenziwe yanokwenzeka, kakhulu, ngenxa igalelo lezemali lomcebisi wezentlalo nowayesakuba ngumfundi kwiYunivesithi yaseCornell, uFred YoungUFred Young, onikele ngemali engaphezulu kwe-10 yezigidi zeerandi ukwenza iteleskopu ibe yinyani. Ngenxa yokubonga inkxaso yakhe eqhubekayo ukususela kwizigaba zokuqala zoyilo, esi sixhobo sibizwa ngegama lakhe elipheleleyo: iFred Young Submillimeter Telescope.
Olu dibaniso lwenkxaso-mali yokunceda abantu, utyalo-mali lweziko, kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kweeyunivesithi zaseMelika, eYurophu, naseKhanada Ibonisa umzekelo wophuhliso lwesayensi apho iiprojekthi ezinkulu zixhaswa bubudlelwane bexesha elide.Ngoko ke i-FYST idityaniswe kwindlela yehlabathi apho i-astronomy yanamhlanje ihlelwe ngokusebenzisa amaqela abelana ngeendleko, iingozi kunye neenzuzo zesayensi.
Njengoko ikhutshwe entliziyweni yeNtlango yaseAtacama, eyona teleskopu iphantsi kwemilimitha ende isebenza Iyazihlanganisa njengenye yezixhobo eziphambili zokuqonda indalo ebandayo kunye nendalo yokuqala.Oku kuqinisa indima yeChile njengesikhungo sehlabathi sokujonga iinkwenkwezi kwaye kuvula amathuba amatsha entsebenziswano kuluntu lwezenzululwazi lwaseYurophu, kuquka noluntu lwaseSpain, olusele lujonge iChajnantor njengenye yeendawo eziphambili zeenkwenkwezi kwiminyaka ezayo.
