Yintoni ixesha lejoloji kwaye ilinganiswa njani?

Ngamaxesha amaninzi usenokuba ukhe wafunda kwizithuba zam intetho "Ixesha lendalo". Isikali esiqhele ukusebenza kuso asinakusetyenziselwa ukuthetha ngejoloji kunye nokuvela koMhlaba okanye indalo iphela. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba umlinganiso wabantu esihlala sisebenza kuwo umalunga neminyaka eli-100 umntu ngamnye. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha alithethi nto kwiinkqubo zejoloji. Kulapho kufuneka sithethe malunga nexesha lejoloji.

Uphononongo loMhlaba kufuneka lube nenqanaba elikhulu apho linokubandakanya zonke iinkqubo zejoloji njengoko zenzekile ngokwenyani. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha malunga nexesha le-geological. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba umhla wejoloji kunye nomhla kunye neziganeko zejoloji kwiplanethi yethu?

Inkcazo yexesha lejoloji

Ukulungelelanisa lonke ulwazi lwejoloji sisebenzisa eli xesha lokwakheka komhlaba. Xa sithetha, umzekelo, ngokwenziwa kwamatye e-sedimentary, sithetha ngokudityaniswa kwezixhobo ngamandla oxinzelelo. Olu qeqesho alwenzeki ngeentsuku, iiveki, okanye iinyanga. Ngaphezulu, Ayenzeki kwiminyaka eyi-100. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwelitye lentlenga elinjengelitye lentlabathi lithatha amawaka eminyaka. Abantu abayonto encinci kwaphela kwimbali yejoloji yoMhlaba.

Ukwazisa zonke iinkqubo zejoloji kwisikali esinokusebenza kuso, sisebenzisa i-Eons, i-Geological Eras, amaxesha, kunye ne-epochs. Ngokungafaniyo nexesha eliqhelekileyo esiqhele ukusebenza nalo, ixesha lejoloji alinaxesha limiselweyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho amaxesha kwimbali yoMhlaba apho iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zenzeka khona. Ezi ziganeko zishwankathelwa kwi ukwakhiwa kweentaba, ukhukuliseko, ukutshabalala kwabantu abaninzi, Njl

Ngazo zonke ezi mpawu kunye nezikhokelo, sinokuchaza ixesha lejiyoji njengexesha lexesha elisusela ekwakhiweni nasekuphuhlisweni koMhlaba (malunga ne-4,5 yezigidigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo) ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngamafutshane, ingathi yikhalenda yoMhlaba.

Isikali kunye neziganeko zejoloji

Eli nqanaba lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngoochwephesha bezenzululwazi nezinye izazinzulu. Enkosi kuye, Banokwabela ixesha kunye nemihla yezona ziganeko zibalulekileyo eMhlabeni. Ngaphakathi kwamatye kulapho uzakufumana khona ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokwenzekileyo kwiplanethi yethu kuyo yonke le minyaka iyi-4,5 yezigidi.

Kude kube yinkulungwane ye-XNUMX uMhlaba wawucingelwa ukuba ungamawaka nje ambalwa eminyaka ubudala. Ulwazi lokwenyani lomhlaba lweza nokufunyanwa kwe-radioactivity nguMarie Curie ngekhulu lama-XNUMX. Ndiyabulela koku kuye kwenzeka ukuba sikwazi ukujonga amatye womhlaba kunye neemeteorites eziwayo.

Ukuba sifuna ukuthetha ngexesha le-geological, asikwazi ukusebenzisa iiyunithi zexesha ezifana namashumi eminyaka okanye iinkulungwane. Eyona ndlela iluncedo kukwahlula ixesha ngeziganeko ezinkulu zejoloji. Ngamafutshane, imalunga notshintsho olukhulu oluxhatshazwa ngamatye kunye nezidalwa eziphilayo ukusukela kwimvelaphi yeplanethi yethu. Ungabonisana onke amaxesha ejoloji kunye neempawu zawo ukuqonda ngcono olu lwahlulo lwexesha.

Ulwahlulo lwejoloji

Ngexesha lejioloji, elona xesha likhulu lisetyenzisiweyo ngu-eon. Le eon yahlulwe yangamabala, amaxesha, i-epochs, kunye nezigaba. Imbali yonke yoMhlaba yahlulwe yaziiAon ezimbini zexesha. Iyokuqala yi-Precambrian, apho uMhlaba wabumba malunga ne-4,5 yezigidigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Yaphela malunga neminyaka engama-570 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Ngoku sikwiPanerozoic Aeon. Ezi eon zimbini zikhulu kakhulu, ke sifuna amaxesha amancinci amancinci.

Siza kufunda nzulu ngeyunithi nganye yokulinganisa kwexesha lejoloji:

Ewe

Yeyona inkulu kunazo zonke kwizinga lexesha. Ilinganiswa rhoqo kwisigidi seminyaka esi-1.000. Ukutshintshwa kwe-Precambrian ukuya kwi-Phanerozoic kwenzeka ngenxa yokuchithwa kwe-supercontinent ebizwa ngokuba yiPannotia. I-Phanerozoic ithetha "ubomi obubonakalayo." Kwasele kukho ubomi ngaphambi kokuqala kwale eon, kodwa kulapha apho iintlobo zobomi ezintsonkothileyo nezivele zavela. Ukuphanda nzulu kwi-Phanerozoic Eon, unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ukubaluleka kweli xesha.

Era

Ixesha alikho iyunithi ngqo. Idibanisa ngokudibeneyo iinguqu zejoloji okanye zebhayoloji ezihlupheke yiplanethi okoko yenziwa. Ixesha ngalinye liqala ngesiganeko esibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, iMesozoic iqala ngokubonakala kweentaka zokuqala kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo.

Iminyaka yexesha lokuma komhlaba yile: I-Azoic, Archaic, Proterozoic, Paleozoic (ubomi bamandulo), iMesozoic (ubomi obuphakathi), kunye neCenozoic (ubomi bamva nje). Ekubeni i-eras inkulu kakhulu ngexesha, ulwahlulo kufuneka luncitshiswe ukuze luchaneke ngakumbi. Ngale ndlela, kunomdla ukwazi malunga ukubunjwa kwamatye ahlukeneyo dating ukusuka kula eras.

Ixesha

Oku kumalunga nokwahlulwa kwamaxesha. Ixesha ngalinye liphawula isiganeko sokwakheka komhlaba okanye ukubonakala kwento ephilayo esebenza njengomphawuli. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha leCambrian i-supercontinent ebizwa ngokuba yiPangea yaqhekeka. Kulo mongo, utshintsho olwenzeke kwixesha ngalinye lufanelekile ekuqondeni indlela okwakhiwa ngayo iilwandle.

Ixesha

Ixesha lolwahlulo lwexesha. Kwigama ngalinye iziganeko zejoloji zirekhodwa kwisikali esincinci. Umzekelo, kwi Paleocene kukho Ukwahlulwa kweYurophu noMntla Merika. Nangona kwiimephu ezininzi zexesha le-geologic i-epoch yokugqibela ebhaliweyo yi-Holocene, uMhlaba sele udlulile. Ngoku sime kwiAnthropocene. Lixesha lokuqala elichazwe sisenzo somntu.

I-Anthropocene

Ayinakuphikiswa into yokuba umntu uneziphumo ezihle eMhlabeni. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke loo nto, ukusuka kuguquko lweshishini ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inguqu yomhlaba iyonke. Izinto eziphilayo zendalo ezingalungiswanga ngumntu zinqabile. Umntu ukwazile ukungena kwaye ayilolonge imeko yomhlaba phantse kuzo zonke iikona zeplanethi.

Utshintsho olukhulu kumhlaba jikelele olufana notshintsho lwemozulu lubangelwa kukukhutshwa kwegesi yendalo eluhlaza evela kwimisebenzi yethu. Njengakwingqimba ye-ozone, esele ihleli izinzile, sikwazile ukuyiphindezela kumashumi nje eminyaka. Sithetha ngophuhliso olubonakalayo olwenzeka kwiminyaka emalunga ne-300. Abemi behlabathi ngonyaka we-1750 abafikeleli kubhiliyoni enye yabemi. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje, singaphezulu kwe-7,5 yezigidigidi. Kulindeleke ukuba ngonyaka wama-2050 sibe sele siphantse sibe zizigidi ezili-10.

Njengoko ubona, izikali zejoloji ziyimfuneko kakhulu ekufumaneni iifosili kunye nokuqonda ngcono imvelaphi yeplanethi yethu. Kwaye wena, ubusazi malunga nexesha lejoloji?