Las Izibane zaseMantla esibhakabhakeni saseFlorida Ziye zaguquka ekubeni yintsomi zaya ekubeni ngumboniso wokwenene oshiye isiqingatha selizwe singakwazi kuthetha. Oko siqhele ukukunxulumanisa neNorway, iIceland, okanye iKhanada kuye kwabonwa elunxwemeni oluseGulf of Mexico, emasimini angaphakathi, kwanangaphandle kwezixeko ezinkulu kumzantsi-mpuma weUnited States.
Le nto ingaqhelekanga kwiindawo ezisezantsi ayiyonto iyenzekileyo ngengozi: emva kwezi zibane zokudanisa kukho isivuthuvuthu se-geomagnetic esinamandla kakhuluSiqhutywa kukuqhuma kwelanga okuye kwabangela umsebenzi we-aurora kulo lonke elaseMantla eHlabathi, siza kuchaza okwenzekileyo, isizathu sokuba i-aurora ibonwe kude kube ngoku emazantsi, ukuba yintoni ebangela umngcipheko kwitekhnoloji yethu, kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa amathuba amatsha okuyibona.
Umbono ongaqhelekanga: ukusa kufika eFlorida
KwiGulf Coast, kwiindawo ezifana Isiqithi saseShired, kumantla eFloridaUbusuku baguquka baba yi-tableau yokwenyani yeenkwenkwezi. Ikhamera ekhombe elwandle yathatha indlela ekhanyayo ye-Northern Taurid meteor phezu kolwandle oluzolileyo, kodwa umangaliso wehla xa ujongisisa umfanekiso: eqongeni, umntu wayenokubona umfanekiso ukukhanya okubuthathaka, okunamaza enemibala ebomvu, efana ne-aurora borealis.
Iimeteors ezivela kwimvula yaseNorthern Taurids zixhaphakile ngeli xesha lonyaka, ngoko ke ibhola yomlilo yayingeyonto ingaqhelekanga. Okwakumangalisa ngokwenene kukuba ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwekhamera Ityhile ukukhanya okusasazekayo kwe-auroral, into ethathwa njengentsomi yesayensi eFlorida. Loo foto yagqibela iyenye yeempawu zokuqala ezicacileyo zokuba isivuthuvuthu se-geomagnetic sasinamandla kakhulu kunokuba besilindele.
Okwenzekileyo kwiShired Island kwakungeyonto ingaqhelekanga. Kubo bonke ubusuku, kwafika iingxelo malunga IiAurora zibonakala ukusuka kumantla nakumbindi weFloridaNjengoko isibhakabhaka sinombala oluhlaza, omfusa, nobomvu, indawo edla ngokuba yindawo yeendawo ezisezantsi komhlaba yafudukela kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yiSunshine State kangangeeyure ezimbalwa.
Kwabaninzi abemi, yayilixesha lokuqala ebomini babo bekwazi ukujonga phezulu baze babone oko kubizwa ngokuba yi- izibane zasemantla ngaphandle kokuhamba amawaka eekhilomitha. Kwiiyure ezimbalwa nje, imidiya yoluntu kunye neendaba zasekuhlaleni zazizaliswe ziifoto kunye neevidiyo zale nto ingaqhelekanga kwezo latitude.
Izibane zaseMantla ukuya kumazantsi njengeTexas, iAlabama, neGeorgia
Ukusa bekungaphelelanga eFlorida kuphela: kuyafana isivuthuvuthu esinamandla se-geomagnetic Kwabangela umnyhadala wokukhanya omkhulu kulo lonke elase-United States. Imibala ebomvu, eluhlaza, nemfusa yayibonakala ukusuka eMidwest ukuya embindini welizwe, ifikelela eMzantsi kude ngendlela engaqhelekanga emazantsi.
Kubikwe ukuba kukho izinto ezixhaphakileyo ezibonwe apha IKentucky, iIndiana, iUtah, iWisconsin, iWyoming kunye neColoradoOkumangalisayo kukuba imibala ye-auroral ifikelele kwiilatitude ezisezantsi njengeTexas, Alabama, neGeorgia, into eyenzekayo kuphela xa ukuphazamiseka kwi-magnetic field yoMhlaba kunamandla kakhulu.
Iinkampani zeendaba zelizwe zakhawuleza zaliqonda eli bali. I-CNN kunye ne-NBC Miami Bachaze esi siganeko njengomboniso ongaqhelekanga kwiindawo eziphakathi, begxininisa ukuba i-aurora yayihombise isibhakabhaka sasebusuku ngamakhethini anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okubonakala kwiindawo ezikude neArctic Circle.
Imidiya yoluntu yayizaliswe ziifoto kunye neevidiyo ezibonisa imitya yokukhanya enamazaIikholamu ezithe nkqo kunye neengubo ezinemibala eqaqambileyo. Abasebenzisi abaninzi bavuma ukuba, xa beqala ukubona, babona ukukhanya okubomvu okanye okuluhlaza okotshani, kodwa xa bathatha ifoto ngeefowuni zabo eziphathwayo kwimo yasebusuku, imibala yaqina, nto leyo ebonisa ngokucacileyo indlela ubuchwepheshe bangoku obusinceda ngayo ukuba sonwabele ezi zinto.
EFlorida, imifanekiso eyabelwana kakhulu ivela kwiindawo ezifana IMarianna, iCrawfordville, iBryceville, iPensacola, iTitusville kunye neOrlandoBobabini izazi zemozulu ezingengabo abanamava nabangochwephesha kunye neenkwenkwezi babefuna ukubhala yonke imizuzu yobusuku eyayicacile ukuba yimbali kulo mmandla.
Isiphepho se-geomagnetic se-G4: yintoni kwaye kutheni sinamandla kangaka
Lonke olu mboniso lwezibane luvela eLangeni. Kwiintsuku ezingaphambi kwe-aurora, kwarekhodwa ii-aurora ezininzi. ukukhutshwa kwe-coronary mass ejections (CME), ukuqhuma okukhulu kweplasma kunye namasuntswana atshajiweyo aphuma emoyeni welanga aze ahambe esibhakabhakeni ngesantya esiphezulu.
Xa elinye lala mafu ee-particle likhombe ngqo eMhlabeni kwaye lifika likwicala elifanelekileyo, lidibana Imagnethi yomhlabaIkhaka lemagnethi elijikeleze iplanethi yethu. Olu nxibelelwano lubangela isivuthuvuthu se-geomagnetic, esikwaziyo ukucinezela nokuphazamisa amandla ethu emagnethi kwaye sivelise imisinga yombane kwi-atmosphere ephezulu.
IZiko lokuQikelela iMozulu yeSithuba le-NOAA likhuphe i- Isilumkiso sesiphepho se-geomagnetic sodidi lwe-G4 ngosuku apho umboniso omkhulu we-aurora wenzeke khona. Kwisikali esiqala kwi-G1 (encinci) ukuya kwi-G5 (egqithisileyo), inqanaba le-G4 lithathwa njengelinzima, oko kukuthi, elinamandla ngokwaneleyo ukubangela ii-aurora ezinkulu kakhulu kwaye linokuchaphazela iinkqubo zobuchwepheshe ezinobuthathaka.
Ngokutsho kwababikezeli bezinto ezixeliweyo, umsebenzi obonweyo wawunxulumene iqela elikhutheleyo kakhulu lamabala elangaikwazi ukuvelisa ii-EMC ezininzi ezilandelelanayo. Enyanisweni, kwakulindelwe enye i-ejection enamandla ngakumbi malunga nemini ngosuku olulandelayo, apho kunokwenzeka ukuba i-auroral activity yande okanye ivuseleleke kwakhona ebusuku obulandelayo.
Okwenza esi sivuthuvuthu sibe nomtsalane ngakumbi yayikukudityaniswa kwe amandla aqinileyo e-geomagnetic Njengoko iimeko zokubukela ziphantse zagqibelela kwiindawo ezininzi—ingakumbi isibhakabhaka esicwengileyo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ungcoliseko oluphantsi lokukhanya—i-aurora yanda kakhulu emazantsi kunesiqhelo.
Zenziwa njani ii-aurora kwaye kutheni zinemibala eyahlukeneyo?
Ngokwembono yomzimba, ii-aurora ziziphumo ezithe ngqo unxibelelwano phakathi kwamasuntswana elanga kunye nomoya woMhlabaXa umoya welanga kunye nee-coronal mass ejections zifika kwi-magnetosphere, i-magnetic field ihambisa amasuntswana atshajayo kwiindawo eziphantsi komhlaba, apho angena khona emoyeni ongaphezulu.
Xa idibana neegesi zomoya, ikakhulu ioksijini kunye nenitrogenEzi nxalenye zidlulisela amandla kwiiathom nakwiimolekyuli. Emva kokungqubana, iiathom ezivuselelweyo zihlala zibuyela kwimeko yazo yokuqala, zikhuphe loo mandla njengokukhanya. Umbala esiwubonayo uxhomekeke kuhlobo lwegesi kunye nokuphakama apho kwenzeka khona ukusebenzisana.
Ithoni greenUmbala oqhelekileyo kwii-aurora ezininzi udla ngokuveliswa zii-athomu zeoksijini ezikwiikhilomitha ezili-100 ngaphezulu koMhlaba. Lo ngumbala esiwudibanisa ngokukhawuleza "namakhethini" e-auroral aqhelekileyo avela kwiifoto ezininzi ezivela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
iithowuni Ubomvu obukhulu Ezi zinto zibomvu zikhutshwa yioksijini, kodwa kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, phakathi kweekhilomitha ezingama-200 ukuya kuma-300, apho umoya uncinci kakhulu kwaye ukungqubana phakathi kwamasuntswana kwenzeka ngokwahlukileyo. Ezi zinto zibomvu zidla ngokubonwa njengeengubo okanye amabala asasazekileyo phezu kweebhanti eziluhlaza.
Kwelabo icala, i-violet, ipinki kunye ne-magentas Ezi zinto zinxulumene nokusebenzisana kwamasuntswana elanga neemolekyuli zenitrogen, ngokubanzi kumaleko asezantsi omoya, phakathi kweekhilomitha ezingama-60 nama-90 ukuphakama. Ukudibana kwale mibala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphakama kuko okubangela izakhiwo ezinemibala emininzi nezitshintshatshintshayo ezinomtsalane emehlweni nakwimifanekiso.
Indima yomjikelo welanga kunye nemeko yangoku yeLanga
I-aurora engaka efikelela eFlorida ayenzeki minyaka le. Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zichaza ukuba Ilanga lisondele kwincopho yomjikelo walo weminyaka eli-11, ixesha lomsebenzi ophezulu apho amabala elanga, ukuqhuma kunye nokukhupha i-coronal mass kuyanda khona.
Njengoko umjikelo usondela kwincopho yawo, iipali zemagnethi zelanga zivame ukuba guqula i-polarity yayoLe nkqubo ihamba nokuphazamiseka okukhulu komoya welanga nakwindawo ekufutshane noMhlaba. Eli nqanaba lomjikelo linxulunyaniswa nokwanda kokuphindaphindeka kunye nokuqina kweziphepho ze-geomagnetic.
Imibutho efana ne-NOAA ibonisa ukuba, ngomsebenzi weLanga wangoku, kunokwenzeka ukuba ii-auroras zibonakala rhoqo kwaye yandise kancinci ukuya kwiindawo eziphakathi kunesiqhelo. Enyanisweni, olu nqanaba lomsebenzi bekulindeleke ukuba luqhubeke kangangeenyanga eziliqela, lushiya ithuba lokufumana ezinye iziqendu ezimangalisayo.
Kwimeko ethile yesi siganeko, ukuqhuma okuphindaphindiweyo okulandelanayo Ezi nxalenye zisuka kwiqela elifanayo lamabala elanga, zincede ukugcina umoya woMhlaba "ushushu" kwaye ulungele ukuvelisa ii-auroras eziphindaphindwayo kwiintsuku ezilandelelanayo. Nangona ubukhali besiphepho bekulindeleke ukuba bunciphe kancinci, ababikezeli bezulu bahlala belumkile de kube nguNovemba 12.
Le meko yomsebenzi ophezulu welanga inceda ukuqonda isizathu sokuba, ngamanye amaxesha, iziqendu ze-aurora zirekhodwa kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga njengasemazantsi e-United States, into abemi abaninzi abaya kuyibona mhlawumbi kube kanye okanye kabini ebomini babo.
Impembelelo yetekhnoloji yesiphepho esinzima se-G4
Ngaphaya komboniso obonakalayo, Inqanaba leG4 lesaqhwithi se-geomagnetic Ayisiyonto intle nje esibhakabhakeni: inokuba nemiphumo kwezinye iziseko zophuhliso. Ukwanda kombane obangelwa yi-ionosphere kunye noqweqwe loMhlaba kunokubangela iingxaki kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe.
Kwintsimi yombane, isivuthuvuthu esinamandla sinokubangela ukuhla kwamandla ombane kwiinethiwekhi ze-voltage ephezulu, ingakumbi kwiindawo eziphezulu, apho iziphumo zibonakala khona kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, ukuba azilawulwa kakuhle, ezi ngxaki zingonakalisa ii-transformers okanye zibangele ukucima kombane okungaphelelanga.
Unxibelelwano nalo lunokuchaphazeleka. Iimpawu ezivela Irediyo ye-frequency ephezulu, esetyenziswa yi yecalaIinkonzo ezifana nerediyo yaselwandle okanye irediyo yabaqalayo zinokuphazanyiswa, ukulahleka kwesignali, okanye ukucima okwethutyana. Iisathelayithi ezijikeleza uMhlaba zikwadlula kwiindawo apho okusingqongileyo kuba nobundlobongela ngakumbi, nto leyo enokuchaphazela izixhobo zazo okanye umgangatho wonxibelelwano.
Iinkqubo ze Ukuhamba kweGPS Zinokubhalisa iimpazamo zokubeka izinto ngexesha lesiphango esinamandla se-geomagnetic. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-ionosphere kutshintsha ixesha elithathwayo ukuze imiqondiso ihambe ukusuka kwi-satellites ukuya kwi-receivers emhlabeni, nto leyo enokubangela ukuphambuka kwindawo ebaliweyo, ingakumbi kwizicelo ezichanekileyo.
Nangona isivuthuvuthu sakutshanje besisikhulu kakhulu, abasemagunyeni baxele ukuba, kubantu abaninzi, iziphumo bezikhawulelwe kakhulu esibhakabhakeni esimangalisayo. Nangona kunjalo, iziganeko zembali ezifana ne- isivuthuvuthu selanga sowe-1859 (umsitho waseCarrington)Leyo yatshisa imigca ye-telegraph, okanye leyo yango-1972, enxulumene nokuqhushumba kweebhombu zaselwandle eVietnam, isikhumbuza ukuba iLanga linamandla okutshintsha ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
Ixesha, umhlobo okanye utshaba xa kufikwa ekuboneni ukusa
Ukuze ukonwabele iNorthern Lights, akwanelanga ukuba kukho enye isiphepho se-geomagnetic esisebenzayoIsibhakabhaka kwafuneka sisebenzisane. Ugqunywe lifu yayiyenye yezinto eziphambili ngexesha lesi siganeko, nto leyo eyenza umahluko phakathi kwabo babone umboniso ongalibalekiyo nabo bawuphosileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Izibikezelo zibonise ukuba imimandla evela iiDakota ukuya kumantla nakumbindi weMinnesota, eWisconsin, naseMichigan Babenethuba elihle lokonwabela isibhakabhaka esicacileyo ngobusuku bemisebenzi ephakame kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezikumntla-ntshona we-United States, eNew England, nakumantla eNew York, amafu ayethintela okanye athintele ukubonwa ngamaxesha amaninzi.
EFlorida nakwamanye amazwe akumzantsi-mpuma, imeko yayitshintshile kakhulu. Ezinye iindawo zanandipha iifestile zesibhakabhaka esicacileyo ngexesha leeyure ezibalulekileyo, ngelixa abanye babefihliwe kanye ngexesha lobunzima, nto leyo eyanyanzela abalandeli abaninzi ukuba baneliseke koko bakubonayo kamva kwimidiya yoluntu.
Ezi ntlobo zeemeko zibonisa ukuba, ukuze ubone i-aurora borealis, iimeko ezininzi kufuneka zihambelane: Umsebenzi omkhulu welanga, ukujongwa kakuhle kwentsimi yemagnethi, isibhakabhaka esimnyama, kunye nokungabikho kwamafuUkuba enye yezo zinto ayiphumeleli, umboniso usenokungabonwa xa ujonge kuqala.
Ngoko ke, ii-arhente ezinoxanduva lokujonga imozulu yasesibhakabhakeni, kunye neenkonzo zemozulu, zihlala zikhupha izaziso ezidibeneyo ezidibanisa ulwazi malunga nemeko yomoya kunye nemeko yendawo, zinceda ababukeli ukuba bagqibe ekubeni kuyafaneleka na ukuphuma baye kukhangela i-aurora okanye akunjalo.
Indlela yokubona nokufota iiNorthern Lights ukusuka kwi-mid-latitudes
Emva kwesiganeko esinje, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba abantu abaninzi bazibuze ukuba bangazilungiselela njani esilandelayo. ithuba elilandelayo lokubona ii-aurora ukusuka kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga ezifana neFlorida okanye emazantsi eYurophu. Nangona kungekho siqinisekiso sipheleleyo, kukho iingcebiso ezininzi ezandisa amathuba okuphumelela.
Okokuqala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge isibhakabhaka simnyama kangangokoOku kudla ngokubandakanya ukushiya izixeko ezikhulu nokubaleka ungcoliseko lokukhanya, ukukhetha iindawo zasemaphandleni, iilwandle ezingakhanyisiyo, okanye iipaki zendalo. Ukuba akukho kukhanya kokwenziwa okuncinci, kokukhona kuya kuba lula ukwahlula umahluko phakathi kwe-aurora, ingakumbi xa le nto ingekho nzulu kakhulu.
Esinye isincomo esibalulekileyo kukujonga ngqo ngokwejografi emantlaKwiindawo eziphakathi nezisezantsi, i-aurora ayibonakali ngqo phezulu; kunoko, ihlala isezantsi kumphezulu ongasentla, njenge-arc okanye ukukhanya okunokuthi ekuqaleni kuphazanyiswe nezibane zesixeko ezikude okanye amafu akhanyayo.
Ngokuphathelele ixesha losuku, amathuba amahle ahlala egxile phakathi 22:00 PM kunye ne-2:00 AM ixesha lasekuhlaleniNangona imisebenzi emininzi inokwenzeka kwangethuba okanye kamva, ukujonga iingcebiso zemozulu yendawo kunye neempawu ezifana ne-Kp kunceda ekumiseleni ukuba kukhuselekile nini ukuphuma endlwini.
Ukuze ufote i-aurora borealis, eyona nto ifanelekileyo kukusebenzisa ikhamera enemowudi yesandla ekuvumela ukuba ulawule ixesha lokuvezwa, i-aperture, kunye novakalelo lwe-ISO. Ukuvezwa kwemizuzwana embalwa, i-apertures ebanzi, kunye ne-ISO ephakathi okanye ephezulu kudla ngokuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweefowuni eziphathwayo zanamhlanje, ezisebenzisa imo yasebusuku kwaye zixhaswa yi-tripod okanye umphezulu ozinzileyo, zinokubamba imibala ebukhali kakhulu kunokuba iliso lomntu linokukubona.
Okokugqibela, kuluncedo ukunikel’ ingqalelo kwimithombo esemthethweni kunye neeakhawunti ezikhethekileyo kwi Imozulu yasemajukujukwini kunye nemozuluEzi nkqwithela zihlala zibonelela ngesilumkiso esithile kwangaphambili seziphango ezibalulekileyo ze-geomagnetic. Njengoko umjikelo welanga usekwisigaba esisebenzayo kakhulu, bekungayi kumangalisa ukuba sifumana ubusuku obumangalisayo kwiinyanga ezizayo kwiindawo ezingaqhelanga ukubona ii-aurora.
Yonke into eyenzekileyo ngezibane zaseMantla eziye zabonakala esibhakabhakeni saseFlorida nakwamanye amazwe asemazantsi e-United States ikwenza kucace ukuba Umsebenzi weLanga uyaqhubeka nokubeka imithetho yomdlalo kwiplanethi yethu. Kwisithuba seeyure ezimbalwa, uthotho lwee-solar flares lukwazile ukukhanyisa amakhethini okukhanya ukusuka kwiindawo ezisezantsi ukuya kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga, lubonelela ngemifanekiso emangalisayo kwaye lusikhumbuza ngaxeshanye ngobuthathaka beegridi zethu zombane, iinkqubo zokuhamba, kunye nonxibelelwano. Ngelixa isayensi ijonga ngokusondeleyo umsebenzi welanga kwaye iphuhlisa amaqhinga okukhusela itekhnoloji yethu, izigidi zabantu zisebenzisa ithuba lesiganeko ngasinye esitsha ukuphuma ngaphandle, ukujonga isibhakabhaka, kunye nokonwabela enye yezona miboniso zimangalisayo ezibonelelwa yindalo.
