Ukunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle ngenxa yokunyibilika komkhenkce, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kwihlabathi jikelele, kunye nokwanda okuqhubelekayo kokuphindaphindeka kwezikhukula kubangela ukuba iYurophu iqale ukuwuthathela phezulu umba wokutshintsha kwemozulu. kutshintsha kwe mozulu. Ukuxhalaba ngenxa yeziphumo zalo mkhwa kukhokelele izixeko kulo lonke ilizwekazi ukuba zithathe amanyathelo abalulekileyo ukuziqhelanisa neenyani zemozulu entsha.
Nangona utshintsho lwemozulu lukhutshelwe ngaphandle kwi-G20 enkosi kuDonald Trump, Kwilizwekazi eliDala kukho oomasipala abalishumi elinanye baseYurophu ukuba i-Arhente yokusiNgqongileyo yaseYurophu ichonge njengemizekelo emihle yokulungelelanisa. kule ngxaki eya kuthi kungekudala okanye kamva isichaphazele sonke. Aba masipala ngaba: IBilbao (eSpain), I-Lisbon ePortugal), ICopenhagen (eDenmark), I-Hamburg (eJamani), I-Ghent (eBelgium), I-Malmo (eSweden), IBratislava (eSlovakia), IsiSmolyan (eBulgaria), EParis France), EAmsterdam (eNetherlands) y I-Bologna (eItali).
Phakathi kwemilinganiselo abayamkelayo aba masipala yile:
- Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezikhusela kwiimpuphuma, njengeedikhi kunye nemiqobo yaselunxwemeni, ethintela impembelelo yokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle.
- Ukusekwa kwamatanki amanzi ukulawula imibhobho yamanzi kunye nokuvunwa kwamanzi emvula, ukunceda ukuthintela izikhukhula zasezidolophini ngexesha lezaqhwithi.
- Ukwenziwa kwezixeko, ngokuzisa izinto zendalo ezifana nezityalo eziphezu kophahla, ukudala izitiya zoluntu, kunye nokutyala imithi, engaphuculi nje kuphela umgangatho womoya kodwa inika umthunzi kunye nokunciphisa amaqondo okushisa asezidolophini.
Ukongeza, iiprojekthi ezintsha ziyaqhubeka ezifuna ukuhlanganisa uzinzo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwemozulu kuyilo lwedolophu. Umzekelo, kwindawo ethile ye Bilbao, indawo entsha yokukhusela isikhukula iza kwakhiwa ebizwa Zorrotzaurre. Esi sithili siya kuba kwi-peninsula eyenziweyo, edityaniswe ne-mainland ngebhulorho. Abemi banokuziva bekhuselekile, njengoko kuya kufakwa umqobo omkhulu wokubakhusela kwizikhukula. Amanyathelo awapheli kwiZorrotzaurre, kodwa kwakhona umgangatho wezakhiwo uya kuphakanyiswa kwaye kuyakwenziwa iindawo ezintsha eziluhlaza ukuthomalalisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokwandisa iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zalapha. Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nemingeni ejongene neMeditera ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu, unokubonisana Oku kubhaliwe.
Kwelinye icala, in CopenhagueIsicwangciso esithile siyilelwe ukuphakamisa imigangatho kumasango okungena kunye nezibonelelo zemetro entsha, kwaye apho kunokwenzeka, kumdala. Ezi ntlobo zamanyathelo zibonisa indlela imigaqo-nkqubo yokuqhelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu enokuthi iphunyezwe kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezikhoyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixeko ziyakwazi ukunyamezela. Umzekelo, amaphulo afana ne utyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo zohlaza zibalulekile ekudambiseni ezi ziphumo.
Kodwa umngeni wokutshintsha kwemozulu awuphelelanga kwizixeko zaseYurophu kuphela. Yena Isivumelwano soHlaza saseYurophu, ebhengezwe kweyoMnga yowama-2019, imele isicwangciso seKomishoni yotshintsho olusingise kuzinzo. Iinjongo zayo zibandakanya ukwenza i-EU ingathathi hlangothi kwimozulu ngo-2050, ukukhusela abantu, izilwanyana kunye nobomi bezityalo ngokunciphisa ukungcola, ukunceda iinkampani zibe ziinkokeli zehlabathi kwiimveliso ezicocekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe, kunye nokuqinisekisa utshintsho olufanelekileyo kunye nolubandakanyayo. Ukuqonda ngcono ubudlelwane phakathi kokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nezenzo zezopolitiko, unokuphonononga iingxelo iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu eJamani.
Ukongeza, i I-Arhente yeNdalo yaseYurophu (EEA) iya kupapashwa ngoMatshi 2024 a Uvavanyo lomngcipheko wemozulu, eya kunceda ukuchonga izinto eziphambili zomgaqo-nkqubo wokulungelelaniswa kokutshintsha kwemozulu eYurophu. IYurophu ijongene nokufudumala okukhawulezayo kweli lizwekazi, kunye neengozi zemozulu ze-36 ezichongiweyo njengezona zisongela amandla kunye nokhuseleko lokutya, i-ecosystem, iziseko zophuhliso, imithombo yamanzi, uzinzo lwezezimali kunye nempilo yabantu. Ukuba ufuna ukuphanda nzulu kwimpembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwizityalo nezilwanyana zaseYurophu, jonga Esi studio.
Imimandla ethile yaseYurophu isembindini wemingcipheko yemozulu emininzi. Umzekelo, umzantsi Yurophu ujongene nezisongelo ezibalulekileyo ezivela kwimililo yasendle, kunye nefuthe lobushushu nokunqaba kwamanzi. Kwelinye icala, imimandla engaselunxwemeni, esengozini kakhulu, ichatshazelwa zizikhukula, ukhukuliseko, nokukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini. Ingxaki kwezi ndawo nayo inokubonwa kuyo Izixeko ezinokunyamalala ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi.
La iQhinga elitsha lokuZiqhelanisa noTshintsho lweMozulu (I-COM/2021/82 yokugqibela), epapashwe yiKhomishoni yaseYurophu kwi-2021, ifuna ukulungiselela amaLungu angamaLungu angama-27 ukuba abhekane nemiphumo engenakuphepheka yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Esi sicwangciso-qhinga yinguqu yesicwangciso sangaphambili sika-2013 kwaye asijolisanga nje ukuqonda iingozi kodwa nokuphuhlisa izisombululo ezisebenzayo. Ukubaluleka kobuchule bokusebenza obukrelekrele, obukhawulezayo kunye nenkqubo ethe kratya yokuguquguquka bugxininiswe. Oku kufuna idatha eyomeleleyo kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo lomngcipheko ezifikelelekayo kuwo onke amazwe.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuya kuba neempembelelo kuwo onke amanqanaba oluntu nakuwo onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho, nto leyo ethetha ukuba amanyathelo okulungelelanisa kufuneka abe yinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo. Indlela yokusebenzisana edibanisa ukuziqhelanisa nomgaqo-nkqubo wemali, kunye nezisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo, ibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuziqhelanisa okusebenzayo. Oku kunokubonwa ngokubaluleka kokuqonda umahluko phakathi kokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Izixeko zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumlo ochasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukuphunyezwa kwe izicwangciso zentshukumo yemozulu kubalulekile ukunciphisa iziphumo zalo mcimbi. Uphononongo lwenziwe oluhlalutya izixeko ze-885 kwi-European Union, apho i-66% inesicwangciso sokunciphisa, ngelixa i-26% inezicwangciso zokuziqhelanisa kuphela. I-16% iphuhlisa izicwangciso ezidibanisa amanyathelo okunciphisa kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Nangona kunjalo, ama-33% ezixeko azikabi nalo naluphi na uhlobo lwesicwangciso kulo mba.
Iintshukumo zokuziqhelanisa kule ndawo zinokubandakanya:
- Ukwakhiwa kweziseko ezingundoqo eziluhlaza ezifunxa amanzi emvula kunye nokunciphisa izikhukhula.
- Ukuphunyezwa kophahla oluluhlaza olungafaki nje i-aesthetics kodwa luphucula ukugquma kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
- Uphuhliso lothungelwano lwezothutho lukawonke-wonke oluzinzileyo olunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
- Ukukhuthaza ezolimo zasezidolophini, ukuvumela uluntu ukuba luzikhulisele ukutya kwalo, lunokunceda ekunciphiseni unyawo lwekhabhoni olunxulumene nokuthuthwa kokutya.
Impembelelo yala manyathelo ayiphuculi nje kuphela ukomelela kwezixeko kodwa inegalelo kwintlalo-ntle ngokubanzi yabahlali, ukukhuthaza imekobume enempilo nezinzileyo. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokuba ulimo lwasezidolophini ludlala indima njani ekuthomalaliseni utshintsho lwemozulu, ungabonisana Oku kubhaliwe.
Ngokwe mali, ukulungelelaniswa kokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokunciphisa ifuna inkxaso eqinile. I-European Union iseke inkqubo ye-LIFE, enebhajethi eyabelwe iiprojekthi eziphucula ukuziqhelanisa nemiphumo yemozulu embi. Le nkqubo igxininisa ulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo nokuphuculwa kokusingqongileyo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela ukuziqhelanisa nezityalo kutshintsho lwemozulu inokuchaphazela ezolimo kunye nokhuseleko lokutya.
Omnye umba ofanelekileyo kukuzinikela kwawo onke amanqanaba karhulumente ekuziqhelaniseni nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukusebenzisana phakathi koorhulumente basekhaya, bengingqi, kunye nokazwelonke kubalulekile ukuphumeza amanyathelo asebenzayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zisekelwe kwidatha ethembekileyo. Ukuqokelela kunye nokuhlalutya ulwazi lokutshintsha kwemozulu akusincedi nje ukuba siqonde umngcipheko kodwa kunika isiseko esiyimfuneko sokucwangcisa kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo okulungelelanisa. Ngale ndlela, ukuphonononga indlela ezinye izinto, ezinje ngemililo, ezichaphazela ngayo impilo yabantu, into ebhalwe kakuhle kakhulu kwinkalo yempilo yabantu. impilo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Intshukumo yamazwe ngamazwe ikwalicandelo elisisiseko kumlo ochasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwamazwe kunye nemibutho lubalulekile ekwabelaneni ngobugcisa, ulwazi kunye nemithombo. I-EU ikhuthaza iindlela zangaphantsi, zelizwe kunye nezengingqi zokulungelelanisa, zijolise kwiindawo ezisengozini kakhulu, ezifana neAfrika kunye namazwe amancinci aphuhlisayo.
La ukuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu Yinkqubo eqhubekayo efuna iinzame ezilungelelanisiweyo nezicwangcisiweyo ukuze ibe nempumelelo ngokwenene. Amanyathelo athathiweyo namhlanje akayi kuchaphazela kuphela ixesha langoku, kodwa nekamva leecosystem kunye noluntu lwethu. Inyathelo ngalinye libalulekile ekwakheni imeko-bume eyomelela ngakumbi enokumelana nemingeni esele ilapha kunye naleyo isezayo.
Inyani yeyokuba utshintsho lwemozulu sele luchaphazela ubomi bezigidi zabantu, kwaye izehlo zemozulu ezimandundu kulindeleke ukuba zande ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuqina. Izixeko, njengamaziko oluntu kunye nomsebenzi wezoqoqosho, kufuneka zilungele ukujongana nale mingeni, zingaphunyeleli kuphela amanyathelo okulungelelanisa kodwa kunye neendlela zokunciphisa ezinciphisa i-carbon footprint.
Isixeko ngasinye saseYurophu sinethuba lokuba ngumzekelo malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngelixa abanye oomasipala besenza inkqubela ekhawulezileyo, abanye kusafuneka baphuhlise izicwangciso namaqhinga abo. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezixeko, inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo, kunye nokuzibophelela kwezopolitiko kubalulekile ekuqhubeni isenzo semozulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngaloo ndlela siqinisekisa ikamva elizinzileyo kubo bonke. Kunyanzelekile ukuba izixeko, abemi, kunye namaziko asebenzisane ukuze akhe uluntu olunamandla nolukwaziyo ukunyamezela oluliqondayo ifuthe elihle lohlengahlengiso kunye namanyathelo okunciphisa aphunyeziweyo. Ngendlela efanelekileyo, singakwazi ukujongana nemingeni ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukudala indawo ekhuselekileyo nenempumelelo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
