Ngubani u-Alfred Wegener?

Kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ufunda ukuba amazwekazi awazange eme ngxi kuyo yonke imbali yoMhlaba. Ngokuchasene noko, zihlala zihamba. UAlfred Wegener ibingusosayensi ebonisile ithiyori yelizwekazi ngoJanuwari 6, 1921. Esi sisindululo esiguqule imbali yesayensi kuba iguqule umxholo wengqokelela yomhlaba. Ukususela ekuphunyezweni kwale ithiyori yokuhamba kwamazwekazi, ukuguqulwa komhlaba kunye neelwandle kutshintshiwe ngokupheleleyo.

Yazi nzulu i ngobomi bomntu owaphuhlisa le thiyori ibaluleke kakhulu eyavelisa impikiswano enkulu. Funda ukuze ufumane ngakumbi 

Alfred Wegener kunye nobizo lwakhe

Ithiyori yokuhamba kwelizwekazi

U-Wegener wayelijoni lomkhosi waseJamani, unjingalwazi we-meteorology, kunye nomhambi okwinqanaba lokuqala. Nangona ithiyori ayibeke phambili inxulumene nejoloji, ingcali yemozulu ikwazile ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo iimeko zamaleko angaphakathi oMhlaba kwaye iwusekele kubungqina benzululwazi. Wakwazi ukucacisa ngokuhambelanayo ngokufuduswa kwelizwekazi, ngokusekwe kubungqina obucacileyo bejoloji.

Ayibobungqina bejoloji kuphela, kodwa zebhayoloji, paleontological, imeteorological kunye geophysical. U-Wegener kwafuneka enze izifundo ezinzulu kwi-pelomagnetism yasemhlabeni. Ezi zifundo zisebenze njengesiseko sethiyori yangoku yeetoni zeteknoloji. Kuyinyani ukuba u-Alfred Wegener wakwazi ukuphuhlisa ithiyori anokuhamba ngayo amazwekazi. Nangona kunjalo, wayengenayo ingcaciso eqinisekileyo malunga nokuba yeyiphi amandla anokumhambisa.

Ke ngoko, emva kwezifundo ezahlukeneyo ezixhaswe ithiyori ye Ukuqhubela phambili kwilizwekazi, imigangatho yolwandle kunye ne-paleomagnetism yomhlaba, iitektoni zeplate zavela. Ngokungafaniyo nokwaziwayo namhlanje, uAlfred Wegener wayecinga ngokwendlela yokuhamba kwamazwekazi hayi amacwecwe eteknoloji. Le ngcamango yayiqhubeka kwaye iyothusa njengoko, ukuba kunjalo, iya kuvelisa iziphumo ezimbi kwintlobo yabantu. Ukongeza, ibandakanya amandla okucinga amandla amakhulu anoxanduva lokufudusa amazwekazi onke. Oku kwenzekile ke ngoko kwathetha ukubuyiselwa komhlaba ngokupheleleyo kunye neelwandle ekuhambeni kwe Ixesha lejoloji.

Nangona wayengasifumani isizathu sokuhamba kwamazwekazi, wayenobuchule obukhulu ekuqokeleleni bonke ubungqina obunokubakho ngexesha lakhe lokuseka lo mbutho.

Imbali kunye neziqalo

Xa u-Wegener waqala kwihlabathi lezenzululwazi, wayenomdla wokuhlola iGreenland. Wayenomtsalane omkhulu kwisayensi eyayiqhelekile: iMeteorology. Emva phayaa, ukulinganisa iatmosferi yeepateni ezibangela uninzi lwezaqhwithi kunye nemimoya yayinzima ngakumbi kwaye ichanekile. Okwangoku, u-Wegener wayefuna ukungena kule sayensi intsha. Ukulungiselela uhambo lwakhe oluya e-Antarctica, waziswa kwiinkqubo ezinde zokunyuka intaba. Wayeyazi kakuhle nendlela yokusebenzisa iikhayithi kunye neebhaluni zokujonga imeko yezulu.

Waphucula izakhono zakhe kunye nobuchule bakhe kwihlabathi le-aeronautics, ukuya kwinqanaba lokufumana irekhodi lehlabathi ngo-1906, kunye nomntakwabo uKurt. Ingxelo awayibekayo yayibhabha iiyure ezingama-52 ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Onke la malungiselelo aba nemiphumo emihle xa wanyulwayo njengesazi ngemozulu kuhambo lwaseDenmark olwalusinge kumntla-mpuma weGreenland. Olu hambo lwathatha phantse iminyaka emi-2.

Ngexesha lika-Wegener eGreenland, uthathe izifundo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi malunga nemeteorology, geology, kunye glaciology. Yiyo loo nto, inokwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuseka ubungqina obunokuphikisa ukukhukuliseka kwelizwekazi. Ngethuba lohambo wayenemingcipheko kunye nokufa, kodwa abazange bamthintele ekufumaneni udumo olukhulu. Wayegqalwa njengehambo elifanelekileyo, kunye nomhambi opholileyo.

Ukubuyela kwakhe eJamani, wayeqokelele imozulu enkulu kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwemozulu. Ngonyaka we-1912 wenza olunye uhambo olutsha, ngeli xesha lisiya eGreenland. Yenziwe kunye Umhloli wamazwe waseDenmark uJP Koch. Wahamba uhambo olude ngeenyawo egudla umkhenkce.

Emva kokukhukhuka kwilizwekazi

Kuncinci okuthethwayo malunga nento eyenziwa nguAlfred Wegener emva kokufumanisa kwakhe i-continental drift. Ngo-1927, wagqiba ekubeni athabathe olunye uhambo oluya eGreenland ngenkxaso yoMbutho woPhando waseJamani. Ngokunikwa amava kunye nodumo olufunyenwe yithiyori ye-continental drift, wayengoyena mntu ufanelekileyo ukukhokela olu hambo.

Eyona njongo iphambili ibingu-lukwakha isikhululo sezulu oko kuya kuvumela imilinganiselo yemozulu ecwangcisiweyo. Ngale ndlela, ulwazi oluthe kratya lunokufumaneka malunga nezaqhwithi kunye neziphumo zazo kwiinqwelomoya eziwela iAtlantiki. Ezinye iinjongo ziye zasekwa kwicandelo lemeteorology kunye neglaciology ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokuba kutheni amazwekazi efudukile, ukongeza ekubandakanyeni ukufunda Iintaba zeAppalachian.

Olona hambo lubalulekileyo kude kube ngoko lwenziwa ngonyaka we-1929. Ngolu phando, idatha efanelekileyo yayifunyenwe ngexesha ababekulo. Kwaye kwakunokwenzeka ukuba sazi ukuba ukutyeba komkhenkce kungaphezulu kweemitha ezili-1800 ubunzulu.

Uhambo lwakhe lokugqibela

Ukhenketho lwesine nolokugqibela lwenziwa kwi-1930 ngobunzima obukhulu kwasekuqaleni. Izinto ezivela kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni azifikanga ngexesha. Ubusika beza ngamandla kwaye yayisisizathu esaneleyo sokuba uAlfred Wegener azame ukubonelela ngesiseko sokukhusela. Lo mmandla wawugutyungelwe yimimoya enamandla nokuwa kwekhephu, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba abantu baseGreenland abaqeshiweyo bashiye ikhaya. Esi saqhwithi sabeka ingozi yokusinda.

Abambalwa ababesele ku-Wegener kwafuneka bahlupheke ngenyanga kaSeptemba. Bengafumani zibonelelo, bafika kwisikhululo ngo-Okthobha kunye nomnye wabahlobo babo ephantse wangumkhenkce. Khange akwazi ukuqhubeka nohambo. Imeko yokuphelelwa lithemba apho kwakungekho kutya okanye mafutha (bekukho igumbi lababini kwabahlanu kuphela).

Ekubeni iimpahla zazinqongophele, kwafuneka kuhanjwe kukhangelwe ezingakumbi. UWegener neqabane lakhe uRasmus Villumsen ngabo ababuyela elunxwemeni. UAlfred wabhiyoza isikhumbuzo sakhe samashumi amahlanu ngoNovemba 1, 1930 kwaye ndaphuma ngentsasa elandelayo ndisiya kutya. Ngexesha lophando lwezixhobo kwafundwa ukuba kukho ukuvuthuza ngamandla komoya kwaye amaqondo obushushu -50 ° C. Emva koko, abazange baphinde babonwe besaphila. Umzimba ka-Wegener wafunyanwa phantsi kwekhephu ngoMeyi 8, 1931, esongelwe kwingxowa yakhe yokulala. Akukho mzimba weqabane lakhe okanye idayari yakhe ayinakufunyanwa, apho wayecinga khona okokugqibela.

Umzimba wakhe usesekhona, usihla kancinci uye kwiqhekeza elikhulu lomkhenkce, oya kuthi ngenye imini udadise okomkhenkce.