Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ehlabathi kutshintshe ubudlelwane bethu kunye ne-air conditioning. Lo mcimbi awuchaphazeli nje kuphela amatyala ethu ombane, kodwa ukwachaphazela lunokuba negalelo kubushushu bomhlaba, ngaphandle kokuba amanyathelo asebenzayo ayaphunyezwa ukunciphisa iimpembelelo zabo. Ukuqonda ngcono imeko, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indlela Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kuchaphazela amaza obushushu.
Imfuno ekhulayo ye-air conditioning iye yaqala ukunyanzelisa iigridi zamandla, esele zisebenza kwimida yamandla abo. Kwiindawo ezinemozulu eshushu, njengeSpain, Ukusetyenziswa kombane kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6% ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezi nkqubo zokupholisa. Oku kukwanxulumene nendlela wena iqikelela ukuba amaza obushushu amatsha aya kuchaphazela ilizwe.
Okwangoku, ukulingana kwe iindawo ezine ze-1000-megawatt zamandla enyukliya ukuhlangabezana neeyure ezikhethekileyo ezingama-300 zemfuno enkulu kunyaka wonke, ngokutsho I-Red Eléctrica de España. Ebudeni bezi ntaba, Izityalo zemveliso ezibiza kakhulu ziyasebenza, ezikwazezo zikhupha eyona carbon dioxide (CO2). Oku kugxininisa imfuneko yokutshintshela kumandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngcono kwemithombo.
Umbono wokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu eSpain
Uqikelelo lwemozulu luyaphazamisa. Owona mzekelo unganiki themba, ngokutsho kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, uqikelela ulwando ukuya kuthi ga kwidigri ezintandathu ehlotyeni ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3,8ºC ebusika kummandla weMeditera. Oku kunokubangela ukuba imozulu yaseSpain ifane neyaseMorocco, njengoko kukhankanyiwe Oku kubhaliwe. Olu tshintsho lwemozulu lukwanxulumene ne ukwanda kwamanyathelo okwakha amakhaya aluhlaza oko kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ngokunyuka kobushushu obuzayo, umkhwa uya kuba kukukhangela iindlela zokuhlala upholile. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuba izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, ezifana neSivumelwano saseParis, zithotyelwe, sinokujamelana nemeko engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Ukuphunyezwa kwezivumelwano zehlabathi kubalulekile ekudambiseni iziphumo ezibi zokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Impembelelo ye-air conditioners kwimo engqongileyo ibalulekile kwaye ifuna ukuhoywa. Izinto zokupholisa umoya azingombandela nje wokuthuthuzela; Ukusetyenziswa kwayo okukhulu kuneempembelelo ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo. Kwelinye icala, ezi nkqubo zokupholisa zibalulekile ukulwa nobushushu obugqithisileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwabo kufuna umthamo omkhulu wamandla, ahlala eveliswa kumafutha e-fossil, ngaloo ndlela enegalelo ekukhutshweni kwegesi ye-greenhouse.
Izikhenkcezisi ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokupholisa umoya, njengeehydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), ziigesi ezinamandla zokutshisa, yaye nangona kwenziwe iinzame zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo, zisaqhubeka zingumthombo obalulekileyo wokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo. Ukuyiqonda ngcono le nto, kuyanceda ukuphanda indlela Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunokunceda izinambuzane ezithile, ehambelanayo.
Umzekelo, kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2017 ukukhutshwa kweGHG okunxulunyaniswa nokuveliswa kwamandla ombane kwezi nkqubo kumelele malunga nokuveliswa kwamandla ombane. Iipesenti ezingama-4,9 zokukhutshwa kwehlabathi. Eli nani liqaqambisa imfuneko yokuthatha amanyathelo azinzileyo xa kusetyenziswa umoya wokupholisa umoya.
- Ukupholisa kubalela phantse i-20% yombane uwonke osetyenziswa kwizakhiwo, nto leyo eyenza ibe yeyona nto ikhula ngokukhawuleza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwihlabathi liphela.
- Ukukhutshwa kokusetyenziswa kwefriji kulindeleke ukuba kuphindwe kabini ngo-2050, kwaye kunokuphinda kathathu ukuba inyathelo eliqinisekileyo alithathwa.
Ukubaluleka kokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla
Kule meko, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kuvela njengesisombululo esibalulekileyo. Ukukhetha izixhobo zokupholisa umoya ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu ekusebenziseni amandla. Ukulinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, okufana ne-SEER (i-Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) okanye i-EER (i-Energy Efficiency Ratio), yimilinganiselo yokuqwalasela xa ukhetha izixhobo. Olu khetho lusisiseko kwimeko apho i ukugcinwa kunye nokukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo ingenza umahluko.
Ngaphezu koko, ukugcinwa kwesiqhelo kunye nokucocwa kokucoca kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokungeyomfuneko. Oku akuncedi nje ukwandisa ubomi besixhobo, kodwa kunegalelo ekuzinzeni.
Izixhobo ezitsha, ezisebenzisa iifriji ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, zikwayindlela esebenzayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-hydrofluoroolefins (HFO) okanye i-hydrocarbons (HC) ziinketho ezinciphisa kakhulu i-carbon footprint ehambelana nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kwiifriji eziluhlaza linyathelo elibalulekileyo elibhekiselele kwikamva elizinzileyo.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukupholisa ngaphandle kwe-air conditioning?
Izisombululo zokupholisa zingenakwenziwa kufuneka zijongwe phambi kokuba kubhengezwe kwiinkqubo zokupholisa umoya. Amaqhinga afana nokuqhelaniswa nesakhiwo esifanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibonisa ukukhanya, kunye nokuphuma komoya okunqamlezayo kunokuncedisa ukugcina izithuba zipholile ngaphandle kokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Oku kubalulekile kumlo ochaseneyo kutshintsha kwe mozulu.
Ukongeza, ubugcisa bomoya ozinzileyo buphuhliswa ukuba anganciphisi kuphela imfuno yombane kodwa ancede izakhiwo ezipholileyo ngokwendalo ezisekelwe kwimigaqo yoyilo lwe-bioclimatic.
Uphahla oluluhlaza kunye nokudalwa kweendawo eziluhlaza kwiindawo ezisezidolophini ziyimizekelo yendlela indalo inokubonelela ngayo izisombululo ezisebenzayo zokulwa nokushisa okukhulu. Esi sicwangciso-qhinga sincediswa ngamanye amalinge asezidolophini afuna ukwandisa uzinzo kwizixeko zethu.
Izibophelelo zehlabathi kunye nezisombululo ezizinzileyo
Kwingqungquthela yemozulu kaDisemba ka-2023, amazwe angama-60 athembisa ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokupholisa umoya nge-50% kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse ehambelana nezi nkqubo malunga ne-70%. Lo mzamo wehlabathi ubalulekile ekujonganeni nobushushu behlabathi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukufikelela ekupholiseni akubeki esichengeni uzinzo lwemozulu kwixesha elizayo.
I-UN ilumkisa ukuba ukuba lo mkhuba uyaqhubeka, ngo-2050, i-10% ye-greenhouse gas ekhutshwayo inokubangelwa yi-air conditioning kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokupholisa. Ke ngoko, kufuneka sifumane iindlela zokuzipholisa ezingonakalisi indalo esingqongileyo. Oku kubandakanya uphando malunga nendlela izixeko ezinokuziqhelanisa ngayo ngcono isiphumo sesiqithi sobushushu, eyenziwa mbi ngakumbi kukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-air conditioning.
Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokupholisa obungatshintshiyo, obufana nokufakwa kwe-thermal kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo olukhuthaza umoya wendalo, kubalulekile ukulwa nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kakhulu kwi-air conditioning.
Ukuba ayilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwe-air conditioning kunokukhokelela ekunyukeni okukhulu kwemfuno yombane kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, okwenza ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu kube nzima.
Umoya womoya uthathwa njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokusigcina sipholile ngexesha lamaza obushushu, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwaso kunye neempembelelo ezihambelanayo kubonisa umngeni omkhulu. Into ephambili kukufumana ukulingana phakathi kokuthuthuzela nokuzinza, ukuphumeza ubugcisa obucocekileyo kunye nezisombululo zokupholisa ezihlonipha indawo yethu.
