Ukufudumala okuqhubelekayo kwamanzi okuhambelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi kuguqula ukufuduka kunye neepateni zokuzalela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zaselwandle. Ngokukodwa, oku kukhokelele iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ukuba zifune ezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezibonelela ngeemeko ezilunge ngakumbi kuzo ukusinda nokuzala. Kulo mxholo, Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu olwandle kutsale ufudo lweloggerhead (Inkathalo) ukuya kumanxweme aseCatalonia, apho indlwane yayingazange irekhodwe ngokufuthi ngolo hlobo.
Ufudo luzalela elunxwemeni
Ukufika kwee-loggerhead turtles kunxweme lwaseCatalan kubangele inkxalabo phakathi kwezazinzulu kunye nabahlambi. IGeneralitat yaseCatalonia icele iindwendwe kunye nabahlali balo mmandla ukuba bahloniphe ezi zilwanyana kwaye bangaphazamisi inkqubo yabo yokuzalela. Ukusuka Ngowe-1972, eCatalonia kwabhalwa iinzame ezilishumi zokuzakhela iindlwane ngoofudo., ngakumbi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ebonisa utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwiipatheni zabo zokufuduka. Ngapha koko, lo mcimbi ukwanxulumene nemeko ye ufudo olusengozini yokuphela.
Iimpembelelo ezibangwa yimisebenzi yabantu zibalulekile, njengoko malunga nesiqingatha samafudo azama ukuhlala kolu nxweme asilele ukuphila. Le meko igxininisa ukubaluleka kokungenelela kwabantu, njengoko amagcisa aqaphele a ukwanda kweemeko zokuzalela yeeloggerhead turtles eCatalonia ehlotyeni. Oku kungenxa yokuba ofudo ngaphambili babekhetha ulwandle olufudumeleyo lwaseGrisi naseTürkiye ngokuzala kwabo. ukuzala, kunye nesidingo sokunciphisa iziphumo ezifana nezo zichaphazela Iikorale zaseHawaii.
Izizathu kunye neziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuyitshintsha kakhulu indawo ezizalela kuyo iiloggerhead tortles, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ukwanda okubonakalayo kobukho bayo kwimimandla efana neCatalonia. Esi siganeko sibangelwa yimiba emininzi:
- Ukunyuka kobushushu: Ubushushu bamanzi bonyukile, nto leyo ekhokelele kufudo oluninzi olufuna ukufukamela kwiindawo apho amaqondo obushushu akulungeleyo ukuzala.
- Ukufuduswa kwendawo yokuhlala: Ufudo lwemveli olwalufudula luhlala kwimpuma yeMeditera sele luqalisile ukusinga ngasentshona, lufuna unxweme olupholileyo oluya kubavumela ukuba bahlale ngokunempumelelo.
- Ukwenziwa kwamabhinqa kwiintlobo: Njengoko amaqondo okushisa enyuka, inani lee-turtles ezibhinqileyo kuluntu liyenyuka, njengoko isondo samantshontsho sixhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa ngexesha lokufukamela, elinokuthi lisongela ukulingana kokuzala kweentlobo.
La ukwenziwa kobufazi kwiloggerhead turtle Yimpembelelo ethe ngqo yokutshintsha kwemozulu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba phakathi kwe-80% kunye ne-90% yeentsana ezizalwa namhlanje ngabasetyhini. Oku kubangela ingxaki enkulu kwintlobo, njengoko amathuba okuphumelela ekuzaleni ancitshisiwe. Lo mcimbi unxulunyaniswa ne utshintsho kukhetho lwendalo okubangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu.
Amanyathelo olondolozo kunye nokwazisa
Ukunciphisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kwi-loggerhead turtle, i-Generalitat (uRhulumente waseCatalan) uye waphumeza uthotho lwamanyathelo okufundisa kunye nolondolozo. Ezi nzame zibalulekile, njengoko ufudo lwe-loggerhead luzalela kuqala phakathi kukaJuni noSeptemba. Oku kukhokelele ekudalweni kwe amaphulo okwazisa ejolise kubahlambi, egxininisa kwindlela yokwenza ukuba badibana nofudo elunxwemeni.
Iingcali zobugcisa zeGeneralitat zibongoza abemi ukuba Xela nakuphi na ukubonwa kwee-loggerhead turtles, okwenza kube lula ukubeka iliso kunye nokukhusela. Kulo nyaka, imisebenzi emininzi yokufuya iindlwane ibhaliwe eCatalonia, ibeka lo mmandla kwindawo efanelekileyo yokubeka iliso nokulawula iintlobo zezilwanyana. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhathalelo lolwandle, njengoko zibalulekile ukuze zisinde.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba koluntu kunye nentsebenziswano
Ukuthatha inxaxheba koluntu kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yamalinge olondolozo. Uluntu oluhlala ngaselunxwemeni luyalelwe ukuba lungenza njani ngokufanelekileyo xa lufumana ufudo oluzalela. Ngeli xesha lonyaka, abemi kufuneka:
- Yazisa u-112 ukuba ubona iiloggerhead turtles.
- Kuphephe ukusondela kakhulu kwaye musa ukusebenzisa izibane eziqaqambileyo okanye iidanyazi ukuphepha ukuphazamisa izilwanyana.
- Sebenzisana neengcali kunye neengcali zebhayoloji ezifunda kwaye zibeke iliso kumafudo.
Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabalawuli kunye namavolontiya ibonakalise ukusebenza ngempumelelo ekukhuseleni iindlwane kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba amantshontsho aqanduselwayo anethuba elingcono lokusinda xa eqandusele. Kulo mxholo, iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zibonise ukuba nokwenzeka kokumanyanisa abantu abazinzileyo bamafudo kunxweme lwaseCatalan.
Uphando oluqhubekayo kunye neeprojekthi
El BETA Technology Centre ukusuka kwiYunivesithi yaseVic uye walungelelanisa izifundo ezininzi kwi-loggerhead turtle, efuna ukuqonda amandla okuzala kwayo kunye nezinto ezichaphazela impumelelo yayo yokuzala. Umba osisiseko kwezi zifundo yi esweni ubushushu indlwane, ekubeni ukushisa akugcini nje ukugqiba ukuphumelela kwe-incubation, kodwa kunye nokwabelana ngesondo kwenzalo. Olu hlolo luhambelana nezifundo kwi Indlela utshintsho lwemozulu ezichaphazela ngayo izilwanyana zaselwandle.
Uphando kulo mmandla lubonise ukuba ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu esantini kwenze ukuba iimeko zendlwane zithandeke ngakumbi kunxweme lwaseCatalan xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elidlulileyo. Oku kuye kwavumela iiloggerhead iifudo ukuba ziqalise ukuzinza kwiindawo apho iinzame zazo zokuzalela zazilinganiselwe ngaphambili.
Ukuphunyezwa kobugcisa obufana nezivamvo zobushushu kunye neendlela zofuzo zokufunda amantshontsho aqanduselayo aphuma kwiindlwane ezahlukeneyo kuye kwavumela abaphandi ukuba bafumane ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nempilo yabemi kunye nokuziphatha okufudukayo. Le miba ibalulekile kulondolozo, ingakumbi xa kujongwe ukwanda kwenani le abafuduki kwingingqi.
Impembelelo yomsebenzi womntu
Ngaphandle kwemizamo yolondolozo, iifudo ze-loggerhead ziyaqhubeka nokujongana nezoyikiso ezininzi ezinxulumene nomsebenzi wabantu. Phakathi kweyona mingeni ibalulekileyo yile:
- Usulelo lwamanzi: Ubukho beeplastiki kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo elwandle zichaphazela impilo yeefudo kunye nendawo yazo.
- Umthengisi weentlanzi ngengozi: Imizekelo emininzi ibanjiswa kwiminatha yokuloba, nto leyo ebangela ukufa ngengozi.
- Uphuhliso loKhenketho: Iilwandle ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha iindlwane zijongene noxinzelelo olwandayo oluvela kukhenketho, olunokuphazamisa inkqubo yazo yendalo.
Indibaniselwano yezi zoyikiso ibonisa ukuba, nangona kwenziwa iinzame zokukhusela iiloggerhead turtles eCatalonia, kusekuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukusinda kwazo ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokwazisa nokuqhuba amaphulo okufundisa ukukhuthaza ukulondolozwa kwesi silwanyana sisengozini yokuphela.
Ukukhuselwa kwee-loggerhead turtles eCatalonia kubonakalisa unxibelelwano phakathi kokusingqongileyo, ulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo, kunye nesenzo somntu. Ulawulo olululo kunye nentsebenziswano yamacandelo ahlukeneyo ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikamva elizinzileyo kwezi ntlobo zezilwanyana zisengozini.
