Ukuba uyoyika isiphithiphithi, mhlawumbi uya kuyeka ukubhabha kakhulu kwiminyaka embalwa. Kwaye kunjalo Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuya kwandisa umngcipheko weziphithiphithi ezinzima nge-149%. Ngokophononongo olupapashwe kwi Ukuqhubela phambili kwiSayensi ye-Atmospheric. Oku kwanda kubalulekileyo kumathuba okufumana isiphithiphithi esimandla kwiinqwelomoya zentengiso kungenxa yotshintsho kwiatmosfera evelisa iiyantlukwano ezimandla kwicala nakukomelela kwemisinga yomoya.
Yintoni isiphithiphithi?
Ukusuka apha, emhlabeni, kubonakala ngathi umoya ungaphezulu okanye ungaphantsi, akunjalo? Nangona kunjalo, oku akunjalo. Umoya uhamba ngokuqhubekayo: ngamanye amaxesha iyunifomu, kodwa kwezinye iindawo ukuphazamiseka kuvela ngohlobo lweeddies. Xa inqwelo-moya idlula kuyo nayiphi na kwezi ndawo zinesiphithiphithi, sinokuba nemvakalelo yokuhamba kwindlela enemingxunya emininzi, okanye ukuziva ngesiquphe kobunzima okanye ukukhanya.. Sikwazi oku njengesiphithiphithi. Oku akuthethi ukuba inqwelomoya iza kuyeka ukubhabha, kodwa nje ukuba ikwindawo apho umoya ungazinzanga.
Ngaba ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kuya kuba yingozi kwixa elizayo?
Isiphithiphithi sinokusibangela (mna ndibandakanyile) imvakalelo ebalulekileyo yokuxhalaba, kangangokuba ukuba sibona ukuba isibhakabhaka siya kuba namafu ngosuku lokuhamba, okanye ukuba ibanda okanye i-front efudumele isondela, sithatha isigqibo sokutshintsha indiza, ngoko ewe, kuya kufuneka ukuba siqaphele kwiminyaka ezayo.
Ngapha koko, ngokolu phando Uqhushululu olunamandla luya kunyuka nge-149%, ukumodareyitha okunzima nge-127%, ukumodareyitha ngo-94% kunye nokukhanya okuphakathi nge-75%. UPaul Williams, omnye wababhali bophando, wathi "nakwabahambi abanamava ukwanda kwe-149% kunyikima enkulu kubangela ialam."
Impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwisiphithiphithi
Utshintsho lwemozulu lubangela ukwanda okubonakalayo kunye nobukhulu besiphithiphithi kwiinqwelomoya zorhwebo. Le nto ibangelwa kakhulu kukuguqulwa kwemijelo yejethi kunye nokutshintsha kweemeko ze-atmospheric. Ngokophononongo olwenziwe yi IYunivesithi yokuFundaUkususela ngo-1979 ukuya ku-2020, iziphithiphithi kwiinqwelomoya eziwela kuMntla weAtlantiki ziye zanda 55%. Oku kukhula akuchaphazeli nje kuphela amava abakhweli kodwa kwandisa imingcipheko enxulumene nokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Ukuba ufuna ulwazi malunga nefuthe kwezinye iindawo, cinga ngokufunda malunga EJamani kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Enye yeempembelelo ezixhalabisayo zesi siganeko kukuba i isiphithiphithi somoya esicacileyo (i-clear air turbulence, CAT), ekwakunzima ukuyichaza ngaphambili, sele iqalisa ukuxhaphaka. Ezi ziphithiphithi, ngokungafaniyo nezo zinxulunyaniswa nezaqhwithi, zenzeka kwisibhakabhaka esicacileyo kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuzibona ngeerada zemveli. Oku kuhambelana ne ukuguquguquka kwemozulu yangoku.
Izinto ezinegalelo ekwandeni kwezidubedube
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinegalelo kolu lwando lwezidubedube:
- Ubushushu bukazwe lonke: Njengoko ubushushu boMhlaba busanda, namandla akwiatmosfera ayakhula, nto leyo ebangela ukushukuma okukhulu komoya okubangela ukungazinzi.
- Utshintsho kwimijelo yejethi: Ijet stream, ehamba kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, ichatshazelwa ngumahluko wobushushu phakathi kweikhweyitha kunye nemimandla encanyana. Olu tshintsho lunokuqinisa isiphithiphithi kwimimandla ethile, siyenze rhoqo kwaye ibe qatha.
- Ukwahluka kokucheba umoya: Ukutshintsha kwesantya somoya kunye necala eliya ngakulo ngokuphakama kunganyuka kakhulu, kuqinise isiphithiphithi kwiindawo ezinesibhakabhaka esicacileyo. Enye inkalo eyandisa ukuntsonkotha kwezi ziphithiphithi iipateni zemozulu ezingaqhelekanga.
- Iindlela zemozulu ezingaqhelekanga: Utshintsho lwemozulu lutshintsha imo yezulu yehlabathi, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwizehlo zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu ezingenzekiyo kwiindawo eziqhele iimeko ezizinzileyo. Ngomxholo ongaphezulu kwesi sihloko, jonga inqaku kwi.
Iziphumo zoqoqosho nokhuseleko
Ukwanda kwesiphithiphithi akuchaphazeli nje ukukhululeka kwabakhweli; Ikwanazo neziphumo ezibalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho kushishino lwezophapho. Iinkampani zeenqwelo moya zijongene neendleko ezongezelelweyo ngenxa:
- Ukulungiswa kweenqwelomoya: Nangona iinqwelo-moya ziyilelwe ukuba zimelane nezidubedube ezithile, iimeko ezimandundu zisenokubangela umonakalo ofuna ukulungiswa ngeendleko ezinkulu. Oku kunokuthelekiswa namacandelo anjalo Iintlango kunye nosongelo lwazo ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi.
- Ulibaziseko lwenqwelomoya: Isiphithiphithi esingalindelekanga sinokunyanzela iinqwelomoya ukuba zijike indlela yazo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekongezeni kwexesha lokubhabha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha.
- Ukwenzakala ebhodini: Ngokwembali, isiphithiphithi esimandla siye sanxulunyaniswa nokwenzakala kwabakhweli kunye nabasebenzi, okonyusa uxanduva lwenqwelomoya.
- Ukonyuka kokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo: Iindlela ezinde ngenxa yophambuko olunxulumene nesiphithiphithi zithetha ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha aphezulu, okunegalelo kushicilelo lwekhabhoni yeshishini leenqwelomoya.
Ukuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe bokunciphisa
Ukujongana nomceli mngeni okhulayo obangelwa zisiphithiphithi, ishishini leenqwelomoya lityala imali kubuchwepheshe bokuphucula ukubonwa kunye nokuqikelelwa kwezi ziganeko. Oku kuthelekiseka neenzame zohlengahlengiso ezenziwa kwiindawo ezininzi, njengoko kuchaziwe ku ukuziqhelanisa nezityalo kutshintsho lwemozulu.
Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe itekhnoloji esekelwe kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa y abenzi boluvo phambili ivumela iinkampani zeenqwelo moya ukuba zilindele isiphithiphithi ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi. Ezi nkqubo zinokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweendlela zomoya ngokunceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baphephe iindawo ezinesiphithiphithi esibi. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela inqwelomoya echaphazeleka ngayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphonononge impembelelo ye ukufudumala kwehlabathi kwizixeko.
La NASA kunye nezinye ii-arhente ziphuhlisa iindlela ezifana LiDAR, esebenzisa i-laser pulses ukulinganisa iimeko zomoya kumgama omkhulu ukusuka kwinqwelo-moya, ukubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokuphazamiseka okunokwenzeka kunye nokuvumela uhlengahlengiso kwi-altitude okanye kwi-trajectory.
Bangenza ntoni abakhweli?
Kubakhweli, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko. Ezinye izindululo ziquka:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwebhanti lesihlalo: Kubalulekile ukugcina ibhanti lakho libotshiwe ngexesha lokubhabha, naxa uphawu lwebhanti lesihlalo lucimile, njengoko isiphithiphithi singenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha.
- Khetha izihlalo ngobuchule: Ukukhetha isihlalo esikufutshane namaphiko kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa imvakalelo yesiphithiphithi.
- Nika ingqalelo kwimiyalelo yabasebenzi: Ukulandela iingcebiso ezinikwe ngexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunokwenza amava akhuseleke ngakumbi.
Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu luqhubeka luchaphazela ukuhamba kweenqwelomoya, isiphithiphithi siya kuba yinto engenakuthintelwa kwixesha elizayo. Ukuziqhelanisa neeNqwelo-moya kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili kuya kuba ngundoqo ekunciphiseni impembelelo yazo kumava okubhabha.
Ubume beenqwelomoya bayatshintsha, kunye nayo, imfuneko yokuhlala unolwazi malunga nendlela utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nesiphithiphithi esiyitshintsha ngayo indlela esibhabha ngayo. Undoqo iya kuba yinto entsha eqhubekayo kunye nohlaziyo oluqhubekayo kwimigangatho yokhuseleko njengoko sisiya kwikamva eliguquguqukayo ngakumbi emoyeni.
