Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye neziphumo zayo ezimbi kunempembelelo enkulu ezolimo phantse kuzo zonke iindawo nakwikona zehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko sijongene nale mingeni, itekhnoloji ivela njengehlakani elibalulekileyo kumlo ochasene neziphumo zabo. Enkosi kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo, amafama anezixhobo zale mihla ezibavumelayo, ubuncinci okwangoku, ukuziqhelanisa kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Usetyenziso oluphathwayo, umzekelo, luye lwavela ukuze lunike izisombululo ezisebenzayo ezingadingi nxibelelwano lwe-intanethi, nto leyo evumela amafama amancinci ukuba alungele ngcono ukujongana neemeko zemozulu ezimbi. Ngaba ubuchwepheshe bale mihla Zibalulekile ekwandiseni ulawulo lwezityalo nobutyebi, kwaye zigxile ekwandiseni impumelelo yemisebenzi yezolimo. Ngokudibanisa ubugcisa bezolimo, ukomelela kwezityalo kuphuculwe, ngakumbi kwimeko apho ukuziqhelanisa nezityalo kutshintsho lwemozulu ibalulekile.
Itekhnoloji yale mihla
Uphuhliso lobuchwephesha kwezolimo lukhawulezile kwaye lujolise ekuphuculeni amandla okulima kunye nokuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo ezibangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu. Umzekelo ophawulekayo ngu Inkqubo yoLumkiso lweSanitary kunye nePytosanitary yeMesoamerica (Siatma), esele yamkelwe ngamazwe afana neGuatemala, iPanama kunye neNicaragua. Le nkqubo inikezela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo kwimiba echaphazela iimveliso ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nekofu, ngohlalutyo olubanzi lwedatha malunga nezitshabalalisi, iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, kunye nezinye iimfuno ze-agroecological. Ukuphunyezwa kwe itekhnoloji kwiindawo ezisesichengeni njengoko iMeditera ingumzekelo omhle wale nto.
Ngemodyuli yewebhu yeSiatma, ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kuyaququzelelwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amafama angakwazi ukufikelela kulwazi olufanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza nakalula. Oku kubavumela ukuba benze izigqibo ezinolwazi ngakumbi kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukwandisa imveliso yabo kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko ngenxa yezinambuzane okanye iimeko zemozulu ezimbi. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwimeko apho i imbalela kungenza umonakalo kwizityalo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kufuneke ukuba kusetyenziswe izityalo eziqhelanisiweyo nezi meko.
Iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu ekulinyweni kwekofu zixhalabisa kakhulu. Iindyikityha zezifo, ezifana umhlwa ikofu, ziye zanda ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu ezitshintshayo, zingakhuthazi nje kuphela ukungadubi kwezityalo, kodwa nemijikelo yokungunda echaphazela umgangatho kunye nobuninzi besivuno. Uphononongo olwenziwe yi FAO eRoma ibalaselisa ukubaluleka kokujongana nale miba ngokusetyenziswa kwe iiteknoloji ezifanelekileyo enokunceda abavelisi banciphise ukuba sesichengeni kwabo kwezi zoyikiso, njengoko kubonwa kuhlalutyo lwe iqabaka nezinye iinzingo.
Iziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu kulimo lwekofu
Ngexesha lendibano yocweyo ebibanjelwe ePanama malunga noTshintsho loLawulo oluBandakanyiweyo lwe-Agro-Sanitary Risks eNxulunyaniswe noTshintsho lweMozulu, ubuchwephesha obahlukeneyo obunokuphunyezwa ukulungiselela amafama kunye noluntu lwawo kwiimeko ezinzima zaxoxwa. Injongo kukunciphisa ubuthathaka ngokufikelela lula kwidatha kunye nolwazi, olufana nalolo lunokufunyanwa ngalo iimbewu ezimelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela impembelelo ye iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo.
Iintsingiselo kubuchwepheshe bezolimo
Inguqu yedijithali ifikelele kwezolimo, ibonelela ngezixhobo ezinceda ukuguqula iindlela zokulima kunye nokuveliswa kokutya. Ezolimo ze kuchaneka Yindlela evelayo egxile ekusetyenzisweni kobuchwepheshe bedijithali ukuphucula imveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezolimo. Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zolwazi lwejografi (GIS) kunye nobuchwepheshe bokubekwa kwehlabathi (GPS) amafama anokufumana ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nokusingqongileyo, okubavumela ukuba benze izigqibo ezizizo. Le ndlela ikwangundoqo kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nolawulo lwemithombo ezinzileyo.
Ukongeza, i ingqiqo iqalisa ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezolimo zala maxesha, incedisa ekuqokeleleni nasekuhlalutyweni kwedatha enokuthi ikhokelele kulawulo olungcono lwemithombo yezolimo. Abenzi boluvo bokufuma, umzekelo, bavumela ukujongwa kwexesha lokwenyani leemeko zomhlaba, ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo kunye namanye amagalelo, okubalulekileyo kumxholo womhlaba. kutshintsha kwe mozulu. Olu lwazi lunokunceda ukuqikelela ukwahluka kobushushu oko kunokuchaphazela imveliso.
Indima yezolimo oluchanekileyo
Ukuchaneka kwezolimo akuphelelanga ekuphuculeni imveliso kuphela; Ngokuphumeza ubuchule obuphambili, obufana nokusebenzisa iidrones kuhlolo lwasemoyeni kunye nokubeka iliso kwezityalo, amafama anokuchonga iingxaki zezityalo. izitshabalalisi okanye izifo ngaphambi kokuba zibe ziingxaki. Le ndlela ibalulekile ekulandeleni izenzo ezizinzileyo ezinciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, ngokuhambelana noko kukhuthazwayo kwimimiselo emitsha yezolimo.
Omnye wemizekelo ephawulekayo kwezolimo oluchanekileyo kukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji ye-VRA (i-Variable Rate Application), evumela ukuba isixa sezichumisi kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane ezifakelwe ukuba zilungelelaniswe ngokuhambelana ne iimfuno ezithile kwindawo nganye yentsimi. Obu buchwephesha abuphuculi nje kuphela izivuno zezityalo kodwa bukwanciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ngokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwemichiza kunye nokunceda amafama ukuba omelele ngakumbi, eyona nkalo iphambili ejongene nokukhula kwabemi behlabathi kunye nemfuneko yokuvelisa ukutya okwaneleyo.
Imingeni kunye namathuba kwimeko yokutshintsha kwemozulu
Njengoko inani labemi behlabathi liqhubeka lisanda, imfuneko yokutya nayo iyanda. Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba malunga nesigidi siya kufuneka. 70% ngaphezulu yemveliso yokutya ngowama-2050. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwanda kufuneka kufikelelwe ngelixa kugcinwa indlela ezinzileyo ethathela ingqalelo iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukukhangela amaqhinga asebenzayo ngundoqo, kunye nophuhliso lwe iitekhnoloji ezintsha zokubeka iliso kubalulekile ukujamelana nale mingeni.
Impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu, kuquka imbalela, izikhukula kunye utshintsho kumaqondo obushushu, ngumngeni othe rhoqo kumafama. Ukuziqhelanisa nale miqathango akubandakanyi ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha kuphela, kodwa nokuphononongwa kwakhona kweendlela zakudala zolimo. Uphando kunye nophuhliso kwinkalo yezolimo zibalulekile ekufumaneni izisombululo ezintsha ezivumela amafama ukuba akwazi ukuqina, umba onxulumene nemfuno ukulungisa imbalela eSpeyin.
Izityalo ezixhathisayo kunye nezisombululo ezintsha
Enye yeendlela zokulwa neemeko zemozulu embi kukuphuhliswa kwezityalo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nemeko. Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha ekuzaleni izityalo kuvumela ukudala iintlobo ezikwazi ukunyamezela iimeko ezinzima, ezifana Imbalela okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ukongeza, uphando lwebiotechnology luyaqhutywa ukuququzelela uphuhliso lwezityalo ezineempawu ezinqwenelekayo. Le yinxalenye yendlela ebanzi ephonononga iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziqhelanisa nemozulu eguqukayo nokuba oku kungaphunyezwa njani ngempumelelo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, intsebenziswano phakathi kwabaphandi, amafama, kunye namashishini ngundoqo ekukhuthazeni imeko yentsebenziswano ekhuthaza ukwamkelwa kobuchwepheshe obutsha kunye neendlela ezizinzileyo. Ukuphunyezwa kwe iindlela zokuhlaziya ezolimo, umzekelo, inegalelo kwimpilo yomhlaba nakwizinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ephucula imveliso yezityalo. Oku kubalulekile ukuqikelela nokuthintela iziphumo ze kutshintsha kwe mozulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi.
Iimbono zekamva
Ikamva lezolimo kumxholo wokutshintsha kwemozulu liya kuxhomekeka kubuchule babalimi ukuziqhelanisa. Amaqonga ohlalutyo lwedatha yesathelayithi, afana ne-EOSDA Crop Monitoring, aguqula indlela amafama alawula ngayo izityalo zawo, ebonelela ulwazi olubalulekileyo ukubavumela ukuba benze uhlengahlengiso olunolwazi kulawulo lwabo lomhlaba. Oku kubalulekile ukuqhubela phambili kwiindlela ezizinzileyo nezinoxanduva.
Ngaphaya koko, ukukhula kokuqonda ngefuthe lemo engqongileyo kwezolimo kunye nesidingo seendlela ezizinzileyo kuqhuba uphuhliso lwezolimo. imigaqo-nkqubo yezolimo ijolise ngakumbi ekuzinzeni. Utyalo-mali kwiiteknoloji zohlaza luya kubaluleka ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lokutya kwihlabathi elinemithombo enyiniweyo, umba onxulumene Utshintsho lwemozulu kunye neziphumo zalo.
Ngemfundo noqeqesho oluqhubekayo, amafama aya kuxhotyiswa ngcono ukumelana nemingeni ajongene nayo. Ukudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili kunye nezenzo ezizinzileyo ezikhulayo kwezolimo kubalulekile ekufezekiseni kungekuphela nje ukuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu, kodwa nokunciphisa iziphumo zayo kwixesha elizayo. Ezi nzame zibalulekile kwintlalontle yoluntu lwezolimo.
Izisombululo zobuchwepheshe kunye nezenzo ezintsha zinokubonelela abalimi ngeendlela zokuphumelela kwindawo eguqukayo, eqinisekisa impumelelo yabo kuphela, kodwa kunye nokuphila kakuhle koluntu kunye neplanethi ngokubanzi. Ehlabathini apho imiceli mngeni yokusingqongileyo isanda kakhulu, ukwamkela iteknoloji efanelekileyo kuya kuba ngundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ikamva lezolimo elizinzileyo.
EzoLimo, ngokusungula izinto ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe, zijongene nemiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo, kodwa zikwabonelela ngamathuba okusebenza kakuhle nozinzo. Abalimi bamkela ubugcisa obungaqinisekisi ukusinda kwabo kuphela, kodwa banegalelo ekuphuculeni impilo yeplanethi kunye nehlabathi. ukhuseleko lokutya kwihlabathi.
