Zonke izilwanyana zihlala zijonge eyona ndawo ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwingqele okanye kubushushu. Abaninzi babo bachitha ixesha elithile bekude nendawo abahlala kuyo, kodwa njengoko ubushushu behlabathi bukhula, ukuziphatha kwabo kuyatshintsha, okwenzeka iintaka ezinqabileyo abafika eSpain.
Ngokutsho kwengxelo yakutshanje evela kwi-SEO / BirdLife Rarities Committee, epapashwe kwijenali yesayensi Ardeola, Iintlobo zeesetyhula zincinci kwaye azifane zande, ngelixa iintlobo zaseAfrika, ngokuchaseneyo, zixhaphake.
Ye SEO / BirdLife, Olu tshintsho lufunyanwa ziintaka zasemantla luhambelana nobusika obumandla beArctic, kunye neyokuqala ukubonakala kwiintlobo ezisemazantsi kunye nokufudumala okuqhubekayo koLwandle lweAtlantiki. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, i i-orenji bulbul (IPycnonotus barbatus), yokusasazwa kweAfrika, ibekwe eTarifa, apho sele iqalile ukuvelisa, kunye ne ubhuti oneenyawo ezibomvu (sula sula), Inzala yolwandle eyazalelwa kwiCaribbean, iqalile ukufika kule nxalenye yehlabathi.
Idatha evezwe kwingxelo, ehambelana neentlobo ezibonwayo kwi-2015, "zibalulekile kwaye zixhalabile." Zisivumela ukuba sifikelele kwizigqibo malunga nefuthe utshintsho lwemozulu olunalo kwindalo esingqongileyo, ngakumbi kwiintaka.
Iintaka zizilwanyana, njengezinye, ukuba iimeko zokuhlala kwazo ziyaphucuka zigqiba ekubeni zihlale. Kwaye, Uqoqosho lwamandla lusisiseko kwizinto eziphilayo. Ke ngoko, uluhlu lwe-SEO/BirdLife lweentlobo zeentaka ezinqabileyo ziya kuqhubeka zikhula njengoko iminyaka ihamba kwaye amaqondo obushushu aqhubeka nokunyuka, ngaphandle kokuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, amanyathelo asebenzayo ngokwenene athatyathiweyo ukunqanda utshintsho lwemozulu. Ukuqonda ngcono le nto ihambelanayo, unokufunda inqaku lethu malunga nokuba njani Amaphiko amakhulu sisiphumo sokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ingxelo, unga Cofa apha.
Ukujonga nzulu ekutshintsheni kwemozulu kunye neentaka ezinqabileyo
Iintaka ezazifudula zixhaphakile ebusika baseSpain, njenge idada elinamachokoza (IBucephala clangula), i Ulwandle lweAtlantiki (Konke konkekunye igrebe enentamo ebomvu (Iipodiceps grisegena), baye banciphisa kakhulu ubukho babo. Olu tshintsho ebusika lunxibelelene ngokuthe ngqo nobulali bobusika beArctic, obubavumela ukuba bahlale kuLwandle oluMntla kunye nolwaseBaltic oluneqhwa, luthintela amawaka eekhilomitha ukuya emazantsi. Esi siganeko sinxulumene ngokusondeleyo nomba wokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo iintaka ezinqabileyo eSpain.
Kunoko, Iintaka ezivela kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo ziqala ukuhlala eSpain.. I i-orenji bulbul, ngokomzekelo, iye yavela eTarifa, eCádiz, apho ukuveliswa kwayo sele kubhaliwe. Oku kwanda kweentlobo zeentlobo zeAfrika kuye kwaphawulwa kwezinye iimeko, apho ubukho betropikhi yeemekobume zaselwandle nezasemhlabeni zikwaphembelele imfuduko kunye nokuziphatha kwezi ntaka.
Impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kubuninzi beentaka
Ingxelo yeKomiti ye-SEO/BirdLife Rarities iqokelele idatha kwi Iirekhodi ezingama-365 zerhafu ezingama-93 okanye iintlobo zeentaka ezibonwa zinqabile. Ezi ntlobo zeentlobo zezo zibonakala ngokungaqhelekanga kwindawo ethile yejografi, izenza isalathisi esisebenzayo sokutshintsha kwemo engqongileyo. Impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu ibonakala ngokucacileyo ekusasazeni nasekuziphatheni kweentaka ezifudukayo.. Uphando kulo mmandla lubalulekile ukuze uqonde ngcono indlela iintlobo ezithile zezilwanyana ezisabela ngayo kutshintsho.
Umzekelo, i ubhuti oneenyawo ezibomvu, intaka yaselwandle eyinzalelwane yeCaribbean, iye yabona ukwanda kokubonwa kunxweme lwaseSpain, okubangelwa kukunyuka okuchubekileyo kolwandle kumntla-mpuma weAtlantiki. Lo mkhwa ubonisa utshintsho kwi-ecology yaselwandle, echaphazela ikhonkco lokutya kunye nokutshintsha kweentlobo ezifudukayo. Ngaphaya koko, olu tshintsho lukwabonakala nakwimingeni ejongene neentaka ezifudukayo, njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwimeko yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Le ngxelo ikwaqaqambisa ukubaluleka kokubeka iliso nokurekhoda ezi ntlobo zezityalo ukuze kuqondwe ngcono iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kwizityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo. Iingcali zeentaka zijongene nomngeni wokuziqhelanisa nale nyaniso intsha, apho iintaka zingamangqina enguquko yemekobume. Le nkqubo ingundoqo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kukwachaphazela nezinye ii-ikhosistim.
- Utshintsho olubalulekileyo lubhalwe kwiphenology yeentaka, kubandakanywa ukufuduka kwazo kunye nokuzala.
- Iintlobo ezazifudula zisebusika zinciphisa ubukho bazo ngokuthanda iintaka ezivela kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo.
- Ukubukela iintaka kube sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuhlola ifuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu.
- Ukusebenzisana phakathi kweengcali zezilwanyana kunye nabemi kubalulekile ekufundeni iintlobo ezinqabileyo.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu, iintaka ezinqabileyo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwazo
Iintaka ziyaqwalaselwa i-bioindicators ezibalulekileyo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, ekubeni ukuziphatha nokufuduka kwabo kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo neemeko zendalo. Njengoko amaqondo obushushu ehlabathi eqhubeka enyuka, iintaka ziyanyanzeleka ukuba ziqhelane nemeko-bume eguqukayo. Oku kuziqhelanisa kunokukhokelela ukuba ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zibe koloni kwiindawo ezintsha, njengoko kubonwa nge i-orenji bulbul. Kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuchaphazela iintaka ezinqabileyo eSpain.
Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya Umlo kaHume (Phylloscopus humei), eye yamisa ukufuduka kwayo kwiindawo ezingezona zendabuko, njengeepaki zasedolophini e-Barcelona. Olu tshintsho lubonisa amathuba kunye nemingeni kuzo zombini iintaka kunye neengcali zezilwanyana ekuchongeni nasekubekeni iliso ezi ntlobo zinqabileyo. Ubukho beentaka ezifana ne umntu ophoxayo Ingumzekelo wendlela utshintsho lwemozulu olutshintsha ngayo ukufuduka kweentaka.
Ukufika kweentlobo ezifana ne umntu ophoxayo eLanzarote, eyasinda kwinkanyamba eCaribbean yaza yafumana indawo yokusabela kwiZiqithi zaseCanary, ngomnye umzekeliso wobunzima bokufuduka kweentaka kwimeko yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukubaluleka kwezi ntlobo zokubonwa kulele kulwazi abalunikezayo malunga notshintsho kwiipateni zokufuduka kunye nempilo jikelele ye-ecosystems, ngakumbi njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu luqhubela phambili.
Imingeni yeentaka ezifudukayo kwimeko yokutshintsha kwemozulu
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu, njengokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nemozulu embi kakhulu, kubangela umngeni omkhulu kwiintaka ezifudukayo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kwezinye iintlobo zeentaka, njenge umbhobho womthi, kuye kwakho ukuncipha kwamanani abo ngenxa yeemeko ezimbi abadibana nazo kwiindawo zabo zokuzala. Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu luqhubela phambili, le mingeni iba qatha ngakumbi.
Uxinizelelo kwiindawo ezishushu, eziziindawo ezibalulekileyo zokumisa kunye neendawo ezizalela kuzo iintaka ezifudukayo, lonyuke kakhulu. Ezi nkqubo ze-ecosystem zijongene noxinzelelo lwe-ikholoji ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nokwanda koxinzelelo lwabantu kokusingqongileyo. Ilahleko yamakhaya endalo ezilwanyana nezityalo kunye nokuthotywa kwenkqubo yokuphilisana kwendalo yeyona nto ixhalabisayo kulondolozo lweentlobo zeentaka.. Kubalulekile ukuba sonke sibe nolwazi ngeempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kwezi zixokelelwano zendalo, kwaye kufuneka sikhumbule nokuba Iintlango zisongelwa kukufudumala komhlaba.
Ugcino lweentaka kunye neentshukumo zokubeka iliso
Lonke ulwazi oluhlanganiswe kule ngxelo luyisiphumo somsebenzi wababukeli beentaka kunye neengcali zezilwanyana ezisakhulayo eziye zanegalelo elikhulu kuhlolisiso lweentlobo ezinqabileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokukhuthaza isayensi yabemi, kuba Ukwanda kwenani labakhi-mkhanyo kuququzelela ukuqokelelwa kwedatha ebalulekileyo yolondolozo lweentaka kunye nendawo yazo yokuhlala.. Lo mkhuba awuncedi nje kuphela iintaka ezinqabileyo, kodwa unika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nefuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokubanzi, ehambelana Iintaka ziqhelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Intsebenziswano phakathi kwemibutho kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu kwiinkqubo zokubukela iintaka kuvumela ukuqonda okunzulu malunga nendlela iintaka ezisabela ngayo kutshintsho lwemozulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, amanyathelo afana nenkqubo Iintaka kunye neMozulu ukusuka kwi-SEO/BirdLife ibe zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokubeka iliso kunye nophando. Ukongeza, ukujonga iintlobo ezinqabileyo kunokunceda ekuchongeni iipateni ezinceda kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ikamva leentaka ezinqabileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwazo eSpain kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumandla ethu okujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Iingcali zeentaka kunye nolondolozo lwendalo zisebenza nzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zityalo zinokufumana indawo efanelekileyo yokuphila kunye nokuzala. Ngaphaya koko, impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu iphinda ibonakale impilo yamaqela ahlukeneyo oluntu.
Noko ke, inyaniso yeyokuba iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo sele zichatshazelwa kukuguqulwa kweendawo zazo zokuhlala. Uxinzelelo olubangelwa kukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kunye nokutshintsha kokusetyenziswa komhlaba, kudityaniswa nokutshintsha kwemozulu, kubeka imingcipheko ebalulekileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeentaka eSpain.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yolondolozo kufuneka idityaniswe nophando lwenzululwazi ukunika izisombululo ezisebenzayo ezinceda ukuthomalalisa ifuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngale ndlela, zonke iinzame zibalulekile, kwaye intsebenziswano phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo abohlukeneyo ababandakanyekayo kulondolozo ibalulekile ekuphumezeni impembelelo ebalulekileyo.
Njengoko siqhubela phambili, Ukubekw' esweni nokubekwa esweni kweentaka ezifudukayo kuba ngumba obalulekileyo ukuqonda utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye nokusabalalisa. Ngalo lonke uqwalaselo lweentlobo ezinqabileyo lithuba lokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-ecosystem kunye nefuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ikamva leentaka zethu ezinqabileyo lisezandleni zethu. Ukukhusela iindawo zabo zokuhlala kunye nokukhuthaza izenzo ezizinzileyo kunokwenza umahluko wangempela ekulondolozweni kwezi ntlobo kwimeko yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
